Modelling habitat use by the Guiana dolphin,Sotalia guianensis,in south‐eastern Brazil: Effects of environmental and anthropogenic variables,and the adequacy of current management measures     

Rodrigo H. Tardin  Israel S. Maciel  Mariana A. Espcie  Gabriel Melo‐Santos  Sheila M. Simo  Maria Alice S. Alves 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(4):775-786

1. Species distribution modelling has been used to identify critical habitats for the delimitation of Marine Protected Areas. Although Marine Protected Areas may often overlap with the distribution of key marine species, illegal human activities often continue within these areas, causing negative impacts on the local biodiversity.
2. A generalized linear model with spatial eigenvector mapping was used to investigate, for the first time, the influence of environmental variables and anthropic activities on the number of Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis sightings/grid, and to determine whether a Marine Reserve, in south‐eastern Brazil, is adequate for the protection of the local population. Data were collected between May 2007 and October 2013 onboard a 7.5‐m vessel with an inboard engine.
3. The models for the different periods (annual, dry, and rainy seasons) all indicated that depth, the distance to seafood farms and fishing grounds, and mean sea surface temperatures influenced the distribution of the dolphins within the study area. The annual and seasonal models predicted that the dolphins prefer a continuous area between Cedro and Pico Islands, a large area that lies outside the limits of the Marine Reserve.
4. Although the habitat of Ilha Grande bay is still much less degraded than that inhabited by other nearby Guiana dolphin populations, the results of the present study indicate that anthropic activities in this area influence habitat use by the dolphins. Less than 30% of the area used by the dolphins is protected by the Tamoios Ecological Station (ESEC Tamoios).
5. Sotalia guianensis is classified as ‘Vulnerable’ in Brazil, although the marine reserve (ESEC Tamoios) does not protect the core area used by the local dolphin population. The results of the present study provide specific locations for the creation of a new multiple‐use MPA, as suggested by the Brazilian National Action Plan for the Conservation of Small Cetaceans, or the inclusion of a special management programme for the area between Cedro and Pico islands to better protect the dolphins in the ESEC Tamoios buffer zone. The continuation of surveys to better understand the current and future impacts of human activities, and the development of a closer interaction with both the local community and local stakeholders will help to safeguard Ilha Grande Bay and the local Guiana dolphin population.

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鸭绿江河口区鱼虾群落研究     

解玉浩  唐作鹏  解涵  李勃  张世东  于福 《中国水产科学》2001,8(3):20-26

1997－1998年在鸭绿江口设4个测站,双月1次捕取样品,进行鱼虾群落研究。渔获66种水生动物,其中鱼类48种、甲壳类11种、其他动物7种。出现频率最高的前5种为斑尾复虾虎鱼、拟棒鞭水虱、亚洲公鱼、脊尾白虾和纹缟虾虎鱼。数量比例最高的前5种优势种为拟棒鞭水虱（31．82％）、糠虾（25．44％）、中国毛虾（21．21％）、斑尾复虾虎鱼（17．35％）和亚洲公鱼（0．5％）。各站生物量指数和物种丰度分别变化于3．83－33139．59和0．34－2528．24。群落物种的多样性指数（H')变化于0．291－2．889。优势度指数（C1）0．155－0．914,均匀度指数（J')0．113－0．970。群落间相似性系数（Cs)2－3站最高（平均0．649）,1－4站最低（平均0．245）。群落物种种类和数量分布与季节和生态条件密切有关。  相似文献   

珠江口游泳生物组成的多元统计分析          下载免费PDF全文

李永振  陈国宝  孙典荣  张旭丰 《中国水产科学》2002,9(4):328-334

1997年12月到1998年11月，利用尖尾罟网和掺缯网船在珠江口水域进行了周年月度渔业资源调查，共捕获268种游泳生物，其中鱼类167种，足类7种，虾蛄类10种，虾类31种，蟹类53种。采用主成份分析、回顾分析和聚类分析等统计方法分析游泳生物的组成、生物学及季节变化等特征。结果表明，珠江口水域的游泳生物主要是沿岸性或河口性的小型种类，基本由当年生个体组成，它们与高温低盐水环境特征相适应，构成珠江口游泳生物组成的主体。游泳生物组成的季节变化明显，但对于鱼类的底栖类群和中上层类群则存在着时间上的差异。  相似文献   

黄河口湿地不同植物群落土壤盐分与养分分布特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张天举  陈永金  刘加珍 《土壤》2020,52(1):180-187

为研究黄河口湿地不同植物群落下土壤盐分与养分含量的空间变化特征以及盐分与养分指标之间的关系,运用经典统计分析、Pearson相关分析、单因素方差分析等方法,开展了植物样地调查和土壤剖面采样分析。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤全盐(TS)、K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~–、SO_4~(2–)等盐分指标含量及有效磷(AP)、速效氮(AN)、全氮(TN)等养分含量在土壤表层(0～5 cm)最高,随着土壤深度的增加呈递减之势。(2)土壤属于重盐土类型(含盐量大于4.0 g/kg),Cl~–、Na~+含量远高于其他离子,是导致土壤盐渍化的主要成分。3种植物群落土壤表层(0～5 cm)TS含量分异特征表现为柽柳群落碱蓬群落芦苇群落。钠吸附比分析表明,3种植物可能会在10～20 cm土层较早受到Na~+的毒害。差异显著性检验结果表明,K~+、Na~+、HCO_3~–含量在不同植物群落间差异性显著(P0.05);除全磷(TP)外,其余土壤养分含量在相同土层不同植物群落之间或在不同土层相同植物群落之间均有显著性差异(P0.05)。(3)Pearson相关分析表明,3种植物群落的土壤盐分与养分指标之间相关性不显著,但TS与Na~+(P0.05)、Cl~–含量(P0.01)均呈显著性相关。3种植物群落土壤养分均处于亏缺状态,土壤相对贫瘠。土壤N∶P均14,植物受制于氮元素。控制或减少氯盐及钠盐的投入、增施有机肥和覆盖有机质含量高的物质是一条减轻黄河口湿地土壤盐渍化的合适途径。  相似文献   

长江口牡蛎礁恢复及碳汇潜力评估     

沈新强  全为民  袁骐 《农业环境保护》2011,(10):2119-2123

牡蛎礁是温带河口和滨海区一种特殊的海洋生境,它具有生物生产、净化水体、提供鱼类生境、维持生物多样性和防止海岸侵蚀等重要功能,根据对长江口牡蛎礁恢复工程的跟踪监测结果,分析和评估该人工牡蛎礁恢复及碳汇潜力。研究结果表明,在2004—2010年期间,该人工牡蛎礁牡蛎种群的增长迅速,2005年牡蛎平均密度和生物量达到最高,以后各年牡蛎生长过程中存在＂自疏＂现象和死亡,总密度下降,但个体增长。牡蛎礁上大型底栖动物物种数、总密度和总生物量呈快速的增长趋势,2004年至2010年共出现大型底栖动物47种,至2010年8月其密度和生物量分别达到941ind·m-2和44.51g·m-2。该人工牡蛎礁具有强大的固碳能力,通过牡蛎的钙化过程,单位面积年固碳量为2.70kg·m-2,年平均固定碳量达3.33×104t,直接产生的年平均固碳效益达837万元,相当于营造1110hm2热带森林。  相似文献   

河口区中国对虾池水化学状况     

臧维玲  戴习林  朱正国  徐桂荣  徐仁国 《上海海洋大学学报》1992,(Z2)

本文报道了杭州湾畔对虾养殖池水的化学状况。1990年6—10月和1991年7—8月内所观测的虾池水化学成分平均值分别为:总含盐量9.5g/l,碱度1.79m mol/l,pH8.98,阴阳离子含量最高者分别为Cl~-(5.5g/l)与Na~++K~+(3.1g/l),为典型河口水质特点,但仍属海水水质体系,即系氯化水,钠组,Ⅲ型(Cl_Ⅲ~(Na))。有效氮含量丰富,总量平均为1.65mg/l,其中总氨氮占56%,硝酸氮占39%,亚硝酸氮占5%,可溶性有效磷含量较低,仅为0.012,N/P=304(原子比)化学耗氧量(COD_(Mn))17.4mg/l,可溶性有机物与悬浮颗粒有机物含量近为相等。据观测结果与多年生产状况,认为河口区虾池每59小时排换水量约40%,3—4cm虾苗放养密度为18.0±3.0万尾/公顷的管理方式较为合理  相似文献   

长江口九段沙湿地的鱼类资源及其保护价值     

唐文乔  诸廷俊  陈家宽  韩洪发  孙瑛 《上海海洋大学学报》2003,(3):193-200

九段沙湿地是长江口新生成的沙洲，有鱼类128种，分隶于18目48科。其中河口性和近海性鱼类各约占l／3，淡水鱼类l／5，沿岸性和江海洄游鱼类各约占l／10。鱼类区系处于长江下游至东海的过度类型。在这些鱼类中，成鱼体长不足20cm的小型鱼类约占总数的l／4；体长超过50cm的大型鱼类只约占l／10，中型鱼类超过3／5。几乎没有以浮游植物为主食的鱼类，凶猛鱼类也仅几种，大多数以底栖生物、有机碎屑或浮游动物为主食。除河口和洄游性鱼类，其他生态类群的出现有明显季节性。九段沙鱼类不仅具有很强的物种多样性、河口代表性和生态类群多样性，还包含着5种国家级保护动物。保护所产生的感染力，不仅局限于长江河口本身，还影响到整个长江以及东海北部和黄海南部沿海的鱼类资源。  相似文献   

互花米草入侵对闽江河口裸滩湿地土壤有机碳的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

潘婷  曾六福  曾从盛  王维奇 《中国水土保持科学》2015,13(1):84-90

为揭示互花米草入侵对裸滩湿地土壤有机碳的影响,选取闽江河口裸滩湿地和被互花米草入侵的裸滩湿地为研究对象,测定其不同土层土壤的有机碳和活性有机碳质量分数,同时对土壤的各种理化性质进行测定分析。结果表明:裸滩和互花米草湿地0~60 cm土层土壤有机碳质量分数变化范围分别为0.95~12.43 g/kg和1.45~10.04 g/kg,平均质量分数分别为4.03和4.35 g/kg;互花米草湿地0~60 cm土层土壤微生物量碳、可溶性有机碳和轻组有机碳平均质量分数分别增加12.76%、40.86%和12.62%,土壤易氧化有机碳平均质量分数基本不变。研究结果表明互花米草入侵裸滩在一定程度上增加了土壤有机碳及不同活性有机碳质量分数,但影响并不显著。  相似文献   

The assessment of sediment screening risk in Venice Lagoon and other coastal areas using international sediment quality guidelines   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Sabine E. Apitz  Andrea Barbanti  Alberto Giulio Bernstein  Martina Bocci  Eugenia Delaney  Laura Montobbio 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2007,7(5):326-341

Background, Aims and Scope  A number of studies carried out in recent years have shown the presence of a wide range of contaminants in the Venice Lagoon. It is important to have a good understanding of the ecological quality of Venice Lagoon sediments, in order to: i) define and locate areas where a threat to the environment is present and therefore an intervention is needed (i.e. in situ assessment and management); and ii) define sustainable and environmentally correct ways of managing sediments which are to be dredged for navigational purposes or in relation to other interventions (i.e., ex situ management). Methods  To examine how various regional and international SQGs ‘classed’ screening risk in Venice Lagoon sediments, data on median contaminant levels in surface sediments in Venice Lagoon resulting from a literature review were compared to a range of local and international sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). Then data on sediment contaminant levels in various areas and sub-basins of Venice Lagoon (main Lagoon, Porto Marghera and Venice City Canals) and in other regional and international transitional and coastal ecosystems with various levels of human impact (urbanization and industrialization) were evaluated based upon a selected consensus-based SQG. Finally, screening sediment quality for all of Venice Lagoon was mapped and contoured, relative to this consensus-based SQG and briefly compared with direct toxicity measurement through a battery of bioassays. Results  SQGs allow the sediment areas to be put in terms of potential, or screening, risk. Although there were some differences depending upon which specific SQGs were applied, the Venice SQGs and other international SQGs provided the same general picture of screening risk in Venice Lagoon despite geographic differences. Venice Lagoon South has the lowest screening risk levels, Venice Lagoon Central/North has the highest (and is nearest to the Porto Marghera and Venice City Canals sites). Discussion  The Venice Lagoon sediments have hazard quotients on the low end of the range of moderately urbanized and industrialized sites and higher than background case studies reviewed. Hg levels in the Venice Lagoon were generally higher than equivalent sites, while other contaminants were either equivalent or lower. In Porto Marghera (PM) and Venice City Canals (VC), for many contaminants of interest, PM, and for some, VC sediments have the highest levels of any case study reviewed. Ranges are high, so in all cases, remedial or disposal decisions should be based upon site-specific (and preferably tiered) data. Conclusions  The use of hazard quotients makes it possible to compare screening risks due to different mixes of contaminants within and between sites, but results should be interpreted with caution. How these sites rank when compared to some of the other highly industrialized sites depends upon how data are synthesized and communicated. Actual risk must be evaluated using a weight of evidence (WOE) approach, as site-specific bioavailability and background levels will differ both regionally and internationally. Recommendations and Perspectives  Whilst there are subtle differences, the current Venice sediment classifications (A, B and C) ‘performed’ in a similar manner to SQGs in similar classes, suggesting that regions of Venice Lagoon would not be classified much differently if other SQGs such as TEL, ERL, PEL, ERM or AET were adopted. The Italian sediment quality objectives, on the other hand, are significantly more conservative than any other SQGs examined, with the exception of the Flemish Reference values. A number of European nations are considering criteria based upon contaminant levels in relatively pristine modern sites, or based upon derivations of historical (pre-anthropogenic) contaminant levels. When used as a standard, such an approach lacks discriminating power, designating almost all sediments within an urbanized or industrialized region as of concern, or even, in many cases, mandating action or prohibiting various management approaches in a large percentage of sediments. While generally based upon the laudable desire to return sites to unimpacted levels, there is a risk that overprotective criteria have the opposite effect: by designating too large a percentage of sediments as requiring management or control, limited resources may be improperly allocated. Which set of SQGs is most ‘appropriate’ for the Venice Lagoon sediments depends upon the questions being asked. However, the Venice classifications are currently being used as pass-fail criteria, without consideration of site-specific conditions. The fact that they performed similarly to SQGs in similar classes suggests that any work to develop more site-specific SQGs (with the same general decision classes) would probably not make much difference in how sediments were ultimately classified and managed unless the fundamental approach was changed from a pass-fail to a tiered and WOE approach integrated in a comprehensive decision framework. For Venice Lagoon, and for other regions, although SQGs should be developed with care, in a scientifically defensible and risk-based manner, an equally or more important issue to be addressed is their role in overall decision frameworks. ESS-Submission Editor: Dr. Marc Babut (marc.babut@cemagref.fr)  相似文献   

长江口南支水域刀鲚仔稚鱼数量变动的研究   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

李安东  钟俊生  罗一鸣  钱伟兵  侯世挺  高郭平 《上海海洋大学学报》2015,24(5):745-753

为了探明长江口南支刀鲚仔稚鱼的丰度和分布变化,2014年3-9月在长江口南支设置8个站点,采用大型仔稚鱼网(口径1.3 m,网目0.5 mm)在每月大潮期间按月进行表层水平拖网。共拖网91网次,采集刀鲚仔稚鱼1 270尾,体长范围为3.56~50.88 mm,发育阶段由卵黄囊期仔鱼期到稚鱼期。其中涨潮期间采集刀鲚仔稚鱼1 013尾,平均密度0.27 ind/m3,平均体长10.00 mm。其中St.8密度最高,达0.268ind/m3,平均体长为9.44 mm。退潮期间采集刀鲚仔稚鱼163尾,平均密度0.01 ind/m3,平均体长为20.08 mm。St.8昼夜调查表明,夜间采集刀鲚94尾,涨潮期间密度为0.056 ind/m3,小于白天涨潮密度,退潮期间密度为0.003 ind/m3,小于白天退潮密度,涨潮平均体长为13.86mm,大于白天;夜间退潮平均体长为22.01 mm,与白天相当。比较沿岸碎波带研究结果,长江口南支出现的刀鲚仔稚鱼个体较小,有必要加强对江面刀鲚早期资源漂流水域的保护。  相似文献