60Co-γ射线和电子束辐照灭菌对葛根提取物抗氧化活性及指纹图谱的影响     

徐远芳  李文革  邓钢桥  陈石新  张祺玲  周毅吉  张勇  彭玲 《核农学报》2020,34(8):1713-1721

为评价⁶⁰Co-γ射线和电子束辐照灭菌对葛根提取物品质的影响效应及其差异性,采用不同剂量的⁶⁰Co-γ射线(0、2.8、5.7、8.3、10.6 kGy)和电子束(0、2.4、5.1、7.7、10.3 kGy)辐照处理葛根提取物,研究辐照对其微生物总数、抗氧化活性及指纹图谱的影响。结果表明,⁶⁰Co-γ射线和电子束辐照均能有效降低葛根提取物中需氧菌总数、霉菌和酵母菌总数,随着吸收剂量增大,抑制作用增强。⁶⁰Co-γ射线和电子束辐照吸收剂量分别为5.7 kGy和5.1 kGy时,葛根提取物均达到《中国药典》所规定的微生物限度标准(需氧菌总数为10³ CFU·g^-1、霉菌和酵母菌总数为10² CFU·g^-1);吸收剂量分别为5.7 kGy和7.7 kGy时,需氧菌总数、霉菌和酵母菌总数均降至10 CFU·g^-1以下。此外,大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)与沙门氏菌(Salmonella)均未检出。2种辐照方式均对葛根提取物的DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除率、羟自由基(·OH)清除率以及总还原能力无显著影响(P>0.05)。不同剂量⁶⁰Co-γ射线和电子束辐照处理葛根提取物特征峰的相似度达到1.0,且相对保留时间的相对标准差(RSD)均小于0.5%,表明2种辐照方式对葛根提取物指纹图谱均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,⁶⁰Co-γ射线和电子束辐照对葛根提取物微生物具有较强的抑制作用,2种辐照方式均不会对葛根提取物的抗氧化活性及指纹图谱产生显著影响,不影响葛根提取物的有效性及质量稳定性。该研究为2种辐照技术,特别是电子束辐照在葛根药材、饮片及其中成药制剂灭菌中的合理应用提供了科学参考。  相似文献   

丙酮溶物对天然橡胶臭氧老化性能影响     

黄贞  廖建和  张鸿飞  黄桂春  张炼辉  陈永平  杜日鹏 《热带作物学报》2018,39(10):2039-2046

天然橡胶中的非胶物质种类和含量影响橡胶的质量和应用性能。本文通过硫化性能、交联密度、耐臭氧老化 性能测试和热重分析研究丙酮溶物含量对天然橡胶臭氧老化性能的影响。结果表明,丙酮溶物可以改善天然橡胶的硫 化性能,提高其交联密度。随着丙酮溶物添加量的增加,天然橡胶的热稳定性、臭氧裂纹显现时间、拉伸强度保持率 逐渐提高并达到最大值。采用衰减全反射傅里叶红外光谱分析仪（ATR-FTIR）分析了天然橡胶臭氧老化前后分子结构 变化,可知橡胶在臭氧老化后出现了氧化官能团。  相似文献   

博落回提取物猪耐受性评价及其抗结肠炎机制     

刘梦婷  吴聪明  彭旋  曾建国 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2022,48(3):326-334

将健康的50头长大白杂交猪均分为5组,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别按每千克饲料添加博落回散30、150、300、600mg混饲给药,相当于推荐临床剂量的1、5、10、20倍,对照组(CK)饲料中不添加博落回散,连续饲喂60d,研究不同剂量博落回散对猪的生长性能、血液学指标、血清生化指标及组织病理学的影响,基于网络药理学探讨博落回提取物(MCE)抗结肠炎的潜在机制。结果表明,与CK相比,饲料中添加30mg/kg的博落回散可显著提高试验猪的平均日增质量,显著降低料肉比,其他所用剂量的博落回散对试验猪的生长性能均无显著影响;饲料中添加30～600 mg/kg的博落回散的试验猪血液学和血清生化指标均无显著变化,且各脏器组织未见异常病理性损害。可见,饲料中添加30～600 mg/kg博落回散连续饲喂60 d,试验猪具有较好的耐受性。通过SwissTargetPrediction、Genecards、STRING等工具和数据库初步揭示了MCE可能是通过作用于ESR1、BCL2L1、MTOR、MCL1、PTGS2、MAPK8、MMP9、MAPK1、ERBB2和PIK3CA等靶点,并通过ErbB和TNF等...  相似文献   

酵母菌载纳米铁去除水中2,4,6–三氯酚的性能     

肖苗  石国荣  戴镇璇  曾双晴  刘也峰  余心结 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2022,48(3):319-325

以酵母菌为载体,废弃烟叶提取物为还原剂,制备酵母菌载纳米铁(TB–Fe/SCNPs),并探究其去除水中2, 4, 6–三氯酚(2, 4, 6–TCP)的性能。结果表明：负载在酵母菌上的纳米铁为粒径(77.6±16.1) nm的球形颗粒;TB–Fe/SC NPs去除2, 4, 6–TCP主要包括吸附和氧化降解2种途径,符合拟二级反应动力学模型;溶解氧和羟自由基在TB–Fe/SC NPs氧化降解2, 4, 6–TCP中起重要作用;TB–Fe/SC NPs对2, 4, 6–TCP的去除率随温度的升高而增大,随2, 4,6–TCP初始浓度的增大而减少,而反应体系的pH值对TB–Fe/SCNPs去除2,4,6–TCP的影响较小;TB–Fe/SCNPs用量为1.0～3.0g/L时,2,4,6–TCP的去除率随TB–Fe/SCNPs用量的增大而增大;Fe3+、Mg2+、Ca2+和SO42–能促进TB–Fe/SCNPs去除2,4,6–TCP的反应,HPO42–、HCO3–和腐殖酸则对反应有抑制作用,而K+、NO3–和Cl–对2, 4, 6–TCP的去除影响不明显;TB–Fe/SC NPs能在室温下稳定...  相似文献   

饲料中添加酵母提取物对凡纳滨对虾免疫相关基因表达及抗菌机能的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

黄旭雄  罗词兴  危立坤  陈春燕  赵利斌  李桑  刘林林  曾蓓蓓 《水产学报》2014,38(12):2049-2058

为了评估饲料中添加酵母提取物对凡纳滨对虾免疫灵敏性和平衡性的相关基因表达的影响,以鱼粉含量为24.5%的基础饲料(对照组)及在基础饲料中添加2.5%酵母提取物的实验饲料,分别饲喂凡纳滨对虾56 d,检测两种饲料投喂的对虾在急性感染溶藻弧菌前后鳃组织Toll受体、IM D和溶菌酶mRNA表达量变化及感染后的对虾死亡情况。结果表明:摄食添加酵母提取物饲料的凡纳滨对虾鳃组织中Toll受体mRNA和溶菌酶mRNA表达量均显著高于对照组对虾(P0.05),IMD mRNA表达量与对照组无显著性差异(P0.05)。急性感染溶藻弧菌后,两组对虾鳃组织Toll受体、IMD和溶菌酶mRNA表达量随感染进程均出现显著变化,Toll受体、IMD和溶菌酶mRNA表达量峰值出现的时间分别为24、42和36 h,且摄食添加酵母提取物组对虾各基因的表达量峰值分别为对照组峰值的201.06%、481.46%和276.77%,均显著高于对照组对虾(P0.05)。摄食添加酵母提取物饲料组对虾鳃组织中Toll受体和IM D mRNA表达量在感染溶藻弧菌后12和24 h分别出现显著上调,而对照组对虾鳃组织中Toll受体和IMD mRNA表达量分别在感染弧菌后24和42 h才出现显著上调。两组对虾经溶藻弧菌人工急性感染后72 h内的累积死亡率无显著差异(P0.05)。实验表明,饲料中添加酵母提取物上调了溶藻弧菌感染前凡纳滨对虾Toll受体和溶菌酶mRNA的表达量,提早了溶藻弧菌感染后对虾Toll受体和IMD mRNA表达量上调时间,且增加了对虾Toll受体、IM D和溶菌酶mRNA表达量的峰值,在一定程度上提高了凡纳滨对虾免疫相关基因表达的灵敏性。  相似文献   

The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in Prediabetic Patients in Taiwan     

Tse-Hung Huang  Chiao-Hsu Ke  Chin-Chang Chen  Cheng-Hsun Chuang  Kuang-Wen Liao  Yi-Hsien Shiao  Chen-Si Lin 《Marine drugs》2022,20(4)

Freshwater clam extract (FCE) is a functional food that regulates the immune system and has been demonstrated in numerous studies to display desirable anti–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) responses. In addition, excess TNF-α production is positively associated with type 2 diabetes. However, few longitudinal clinical studies evaluating the efficiency and toxicity of FCE are available. This article reports that patients with prediabetes who received FCE had a desirable outcome of a reduction in serum TNF-α for a long period. This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial conducted using FCE intervention and placebo groups, and 36 patients with prediabetes were enrolled. Two grams of FCE or placebo was consumed daily for 180 consecutive days. The serum of the participants was collected at four time points (0M: before the intervention; 3M: after 3 months of intervention; 6M: after 6 months of intervention; 12M: 6 months after cessation of intervention at 6M). A serum TNF-α concentration higher than 4.05 pg/mL was defined as a cut-off value. FCE reduced serum TNF-α in all participants at 6M and 12M. Moreover, FCE significantly suppressed serum TNF-α concentrations at 6M and 12M and inhibited TNF-α release with time series in subjects with elevated TNF-α values. FCE intervention effectively reduced serum TNF-α and persistently sustained the effects for half a year in patients with prediabetes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GS-MS) analysis revealed that the major components of FCE were phytosterols and fatty acids, which exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-TNF-α abilities. Hence, FCE has the potential to be developed as a natural treatment for prediabetic patients in Taiwan.  相似文献   

Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) of Piscicidal Plants and Their Utilization in Aquaculture     

S. N. Ramanujam  R. Dominic 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(4):326-333

Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Acacia pennata (bark), Catunaregam uliginosa (fruit), Diospyros lenceofolia (fruit), and Sapindus mukorossi (fruit) were evaluated as piscicides on the freshwater fish Danio dangila, Danio rerio, and Puntius shalynius, and the air-breathing Heteropneustes fossilis. Catunaregam uliginosa (fruit) possessed relatively higher piscicidal potency followed by Sapindus mukorossi (fruit), Acacia pennata (bark), and lastly Diospyros lanceofolia (fruit). Catunaregam uliginosa can thus be used for eradicating unwanted wild fishes in a short time span at low concentrations so that the health of aquatic environment is maintained.  相似文献   

威灵仙酒炙提取工艺研究     

王春兰  周舒君 《吉林农业科技学院学报》2012,(1):1-2

以威灵仙根部为原料,采用黄酒用量、干燥条件、提取时间三因素,三水平的L9（34）正交试验设计,以水煎物干膏提取率、薄层层析检测威灵仙中的三萜皂苷为主要考核指标。结果表明：黄酒用量对威灵仙总皂苷提取率有极显著影响,烘干条件有显著影响,提取时间对试验结果影响不显著,表明影响因素最大的是黄酒用量,其次是干燥条件。  相似文献   

Effects of acid extracts of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and carrot (Daucus carota L.)wastes from the food industry on the growth of some crops and weeds     

TOSHISADA SUZUKI  IZUMI USUI  KAORI TOMITA-YOKOTANI  SHINYA KONO  HIROKAZU TSUBURA  YOICHI MIKI  KOJI HASEGAWA 《Weed Biology and Management》2001,1(4):226-230

The effects of acid extracts of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and carrot ( Daucus carota L.) juice wastes from the food industry on the growth of five species of crops and four weeds were examined. The acid extract of the tomato juice waste promoted the shoot and root growth of tomato, Chinese cabbage, corn, and radish, but not the growth of oat seedlings. The extract did not promote the shoot growth of weeds tested, and it inhibited the root growth of the weeds that included barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa oryzicola Ohwi), southern crabgrass ( Digitaria ciliaris Koel.) and Japanese barnyard millet ( Echinochloa utilis Ohwi). The carrot juice waste was also examined as another waste from the food industry. The effect of the acid extract of carrot juice waste showed significant promoting effects on the root growth of Chinese cabbage; however, the effects on other plants were lower than that of tomato juice waste. It also did not inhibit the growth of weeds. These results suggested that the acid extract from tomato juice waste is useful as plant-growth substances because they have a promoting effect on the shoot and root growth of crops, and an inhibitory effect on the root growth of some weeds.  相似文献   

Phenotypic characterisation of Phaeoacremonium and Phaeomoniella strains isolated from grapevines: enzyme production and virulence of extra-cellular filtrate on grapevine calluses     

Conceição Santos  Sílvia Fragoeiro  Helena Valentim  Alan Phillips 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

Extra-cellular enzyme production of different Phaeoacremonium spp. and Phaemoniella chlamydospora isolates were used to assay the possibility of inter-specific characterisation. Isolates of Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Phaeoacremonium angustius, P. viticola and Ph. chlamydospora were grown on solid media and the activities of extra-cellular amylases, lipases, proteases, cellulases, xylanases, laccase, polygalacturonase, pectate lyase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, urease and chitinase were assayed. Phaeoacremonium species showed activities of a larger number of enzymes and also enzyme activity was frequently higher suggesting that Phaeoacremonium can be more virulent. To assay if the produced extra-cellular enzymes could reflect the virulence capacity of the two genera, calluses of Vitis vinifera L. (cvs. Baga and Maria Gomes) and of a rootstock (R3309) were inoculated with filtrated culture liquid medium of three isolates of Ph. chlamydospora and one of P. angustius. Filtrates from all strains decreased callus growth and membrane integrity, while soluble protein content of calluses decreased with the strains CAP 054 and 1AS. P. angustius (CAP 054) induced the more severe symptoms in all genotypes. Water content decreased together with an increase of osmolality in both cultivars but not in rootstock suggesting that osmorregulatory capacity is more affected in cultivars. Data show that: (1) Phaeoacremonium and Phaeomoniella genera have different patterns of extra- cellular enzymatic production; (2) these fungi produce extra-cellular compound(s) that induce(s) senescence symptoms in plant cells inhibiting callus proliferation; (3) among the strains tested in plant calluses the most virulent isolate (CAP 054) also produced higher amounts of some extra-cellular enzymes; (5) rootstock calluses were less sensitive to inoculation than grapevine calluses.  相似文献