Does root-sourced ABA play a role for regulation of stomata under drought in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)     

Sven-Erik Jacobsen  Fulai LiuChristian Richardt Jensen 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

The Andean seed crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is traditionally grown under drought and other adverse conditions that constrain crop production in the Andes, and it is regarded as having considerable tolerance to soil drying. The objective of this research was to study how chemical and hydraulic signalling from the root system controlled gas exchange in a drying soil in quinoa. It was observed that during soil drying, relative g_s and photosynthesis A_max (drought stressed/fully watered plants) equalled 1, until the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) decreased to 0.82 ± 0.152 and 0.33 ± 0.061, respectively, at bud formation, indicating that photosynthesis was maintained after stomata closure. The relationship between relative g_s and relative A_max at bud formation was represented by a logarithmic function (r² = 0.79), which resulted in a photosynthetic water use efficiency WUE_Amax_/gs$\text{WU}{\text{E}}_{A_{\text{max}}/g_{\text{s}}}$ of 1 when FTSW > 0.8, and increased by 50% with soil drying to FTSW 0.7–0.4. Mild soil drying slightly increased ABA in the xylem. It is concluded that during soil drying, quinoa plants have a sensitive stomatal closure, by which the plants are able to maintain leaf water potential (ψ_l) and A_max, resulting in an increase of WUE. Root originated ABA plays a role in stomata performance during soil drying. ABA regulation seems to be one of the mechanisms utilised by quinoa when facing drought inducing decrease of turgor of stomata guard cells.  相似文献   

Simulation of transpiration, drainage, N uptake, nitrate leaching, and N uptake concentration in tomato grown in open substrate   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

M. Gallardo  J.S. Rodríguez  M.D. Fernández  J.J. Magán 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(12):1773-1784

Free-drainage or “open” substrate system used for vegetable production in greenhouses is associated with appreciable NO₃⁻ leaching losses and drainage volumes. Simulation models of crop N uptake, N leaching, water use and drainage of crops in these systems will be useful for crop and water resource management, and environmental assessment. This work (i) modified the TOMGRO model to simulate N uptake for tomato grown in greenhouses in SE Spain, (ii) modified the PrHo model to simulate transpiration of tomato grown in substrate and (iii) developed an aggregated model combining TOMGRO and PrHo to calculate N uptake concentrations and drainage NO₃⁻ concentration. The component models simulate NO₃⁻-N leached by subtracting simulated N uptake from measured applied N, and drainage by subtracting simulated transpiration from measured irrigation. Three tomato crops grown sequentially in free-draining rock wool in a plastic greenhouse were used for calibration and validation. Measured daily transpiration was determined by the water balance method from daily measurements of irrigation and drainage. Measured N uptake was determined by N balance, using data of volumes and of concentrations of NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ in applied nutrient solution and drainage. Accuracy of the two modified component models and aggregated model was assessed by comparing simulated to measured values using linear regression analysis, comparison of slope and intercept values of regression equations, and root mean squared error (RMSE) values. For the three crops, the modified TOMGRO provided accurate simulations of cumulative crop N uptake, (RMSE = 6.4, 1.9 and 2.6% of total N uptake) and NO₃⁻-N leached (RMSE = 11.0, 10.3, and 6.1% of total NO₃⁻-N leached). The modified PrHo provided accurate simulation of cumulative transpiration (RMSE = 4.3, 1.7 and 2.4% of total transpiration) and cumulative drainage (RMSE = 13.8, 6.9, 7.4% of total drainage). For the four cumulative parameters, slopes and intercepts of the linear regressions were mostly not statistically significant (P < 0.05) from one and zero, respectively, and coefficient of determination (r²) values were 0.96-0.98. Simulated values of total drainage volumes for the three crops were +21, +1 and −13% of measured total drainage volumes. The aggregated TOMGRO-PrHo model generally provided accurate simulation of crop N uptake concentration after 30-40 days of transplanting, with an average RMSE of approximately 2 mmol L⁻¹. Simulated values of average NO₃⁻ concentration in drainage, obtained with the aggregated model, were −7, +18 and +31% of measured values.  相似文献   

日光温室内光合有效辐射基本特征分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

郑健  蔡焕杰  王健  王燕 《农业机械学报》2009,40(12):164-168

基于日光温室内观测的辐射资料,对光合有效辐射特征及对作物的影响进行研究分析.结果表明:温室内日光合有效辐射累计值与日水面蒸发量呈较好的线性关系,相关系数为0.7974;日光温室内作物光合速率随光合有效辐射上升到一定程度后,将不随光合有效辐射的增加而增加;叶片细胞液质量分数与光合有效辐射日变化均呈单峰型曲线,叶片细胞液质量分数相对于光合有效辐射有明显的滞后现象;日光温室内冬、春季晴天及阴天的太阳总辐射Q和光合有效辐射(PAR)日变化均为单峰型曲线,晴天和阴天太阳总辐射和光合有效辐射日变化趋势一致,阴天比晴天小;2007年秋季和2008年春季日光温室内小型西瓜的光合有效辐射利用率分别为6.38%和6.31%,高于大田作物的光合有效辐射利用率值.  相似文献   

小型无人直升机航向线性自抗扰控制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

丁力  马瑞  单文桃  吴洪涛 《农业机械学报》2017,48(5):22-27

针对小型无人直升机航向系统存在内部不确定性和外部扰动大的问题,提出了一种基于线性自抗扰控制(LADRC)算法来实现航向通道高性能控制方法。首先,分析和推导了Trex-600型无人直升机的航向模型,并引入阵风模型模拟实际飞行环境。然后,根据LADRC的控制原理设计了基于二阶LADRC的航向控制系统,并利用人工蜂群算法对控制器参数进行了整定。最后,对所设计的控制策略进行了仿真分析与实验验证,实现了无人直升机航向通道的轨迹跟踪控制,并与常见的PID控制进行了比较。结果表明:设计的LADRC控制器鲁棒性好、响应时间快、控制精度高,能够使Trex-600型无人直升机的航向角快速、精确地跟踪参考轨迹。  相似文献   

测墒补灌深度对济麦22冠层光截获和荧光特性及籽粒产量的影响     

杨传邦  于振文  张永丽  石玉 《作物学报》2017,43(2):253-262

测墒补灌是近年开发的一种小麦节水栽培新技术,水分管理的土层深度是该技术的关键因素之一。本研究以济麦22为试验品种,于2013—2014和2014—2015年度在山东兖州进行大田试验,设置4个测墒补灌土层深度,补灌至目标土层拔节期相对含水量70%和开花期相对含水量75%,以定量灌溉(拔节期和开花期各灌水60 mm)和全生育期不灌水处理为对照,通过测定花后0~30 d灌浆阶段小麦冠层光截获特性、群体光合速率、旗叶荧光特性,以及最终籽粒产量和水分利用效率,以明确测墒补灌达到增产的光合基础及最佳土层。当补灌土层为0~20 cm时,灌水量为50.1~51.2 mm,小麦叶面积指数、冠层光合有效辐射截获量、冠层光截获率和群体光合速率,以及旗叶实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)在各灌水处理中最低;补灌土层为0~40 cm时,灌水量为73.1~93.1 mm,上述前4项指标比补灌深度20 cm时依次提高6.0%~42.4%、8.5%~27.9%、6.7%~14.5%、11.0%~14.6%,同时旗叶ΦPSII和Fv/Fm亦显著提高;补灌深度加大至60 cm(灌水量87.5~105.4 cm)和80 cm(灌水量101.8~115.0 cm)时,这些指标无显著增加。与光合特性相关指标一致,籽粒产量也表现为补灌深度大于40 cm的3个处理间无显著差异,且与定量灌溉对照无显著差异,但都显著高于补灌深度20 cm处理。在本试验条件下,对0~40 cm土层实施测墒补灌,较定量灌溉减少用水26.9~46.9 mm,水分利用效率提高16.2%~16.7%,灌溉效益增加34.0%~68.1%,说明在类似生态条件下,中穗型小麦品种济麦22测墒补灌节水栽培技术的目标土层为0~40 cm。  相似文献   

基于光合有效辐射瞬时值估算日均值的方法     

张璟  谢亚楠  汪鸣泉  王茂华 《干旱区研究》2019,36(1):220-227

光合有效辐射是太阳辐射的一部分,是植被进行光合作用和陆地生态系统碳循环的核心因素,对估算植被生产力具有重要影响。本文基于SURFRAD多年观测数据,建立了一个线性回归模型,由上午、下午瞬时光合有效辐射值估算日均值。该模型模拟效果较好,单个观测站的均方误差低于9 W·m^-2,判定系数不低于0.96,并适用于不同经纬度、气候条件和海拔高度下的区域,总的均方误差为8.863 1 W·m^-2,判定系数R2为0.977,表明该模型和方法有较好的可行性和可靠性。  相似文献   

杀虫剂新产品田间药效试验评价概述     

郭明程  苍涛  陈立萍  何静 《农药科学与管理》2019,(5):11-16

本文梳理了2015年~2017年开展田间小区药效试验的18个含新有效成分的杀虫剂产品,其中双酰胺类6个、新烟碱类3个、介离子类2个、杀螞剂3个、其它类型4个。在9大类作物的14种害虫上进行了田间药效试验,本文归纳了上述新杀虫剂有效成分的作用机理及田间药效试验情况。  相似文献   

The permeation barrier of plant cuticles: uptake of active ingredients is limited by very long‐chain aliphatic rather than cyclic wax compounds     

Simona Staiger  Pascal Seufert  Katja Arand  Markus Burghardt  Christian Popp  Markus Riederer 《Pest management science》2019,75(12):3405-3412

  相似文献   

长沙市某县退出小反刍兽疫强制免疫暴发的定性风险评估     

奉佳  周元中  欧建伟  胡长青  张韬  杨辉  刘增再  颜克旭  聂迅峄  王辉  刘华 《畜牧兽医杂志》2024,43(1):94-100

小反刍兽疫(PPR)是一种由小反刍兽疫病毒引起的疾病,主要感染山羊和绵羊。2021年为加快推进小反刍兽疫无疫区建设,实现小反刍兽疫非免疫无疫区建设标准,长沙市某县拟在本地开展小反刍兽疫退出强制免疫风险评估。通过对小反刍兽疫监测流调、危害识别、风险路径的确定和风险因素层级评估等方法进行的定性风险评估初步显示,在该地取消小反刍兽疫强制免疫后可能会发生小反刍兽疫的风险等级为中。在风险管理措施上,提出该地退出强制免疫应推迟一年,重点完善政策支持、加强监测排查、加强检疫监管、强化培训宣传等建议。  相似文献   

基于NIR定量模型快速预测发酵麸皮中还原糖和可溶性蛋白成分的含量     

王春媛  齐景伟  安晓萍  刘娜  王园  王步钰 《中国农业大学学报》2024,29(8):190-203

为建立一种能快速预测发酵麦麸还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的定量分析模型,本研究以发酵麦麸为样本,采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法（3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, DNS）和BCA蛋白浓度测定法分别测定样品的还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量;利用近红外光谱技术（Near infrared spectrum instrument, NIR）结合偏最小二乘法（Partial least squares regression, PLS）,比较预处理方法、最佳波长及主成分因子的决定系数R²,建立发酵麦麸还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的NIR快速检测定量模型。结果表明：1）发酵麦麸还原性糖定量模型的预处理方法使用一阶导数 （First derivative, FD）+二阶导数 （Second derivative, SD）+标准正态变换 （Standard normal variate, SNV）,光谱范围为908~1 670 nm ,主因子数为7时,模型效果最优,其决定系数Rc²为0.904 8,校正均方根误差（Square error corrected, SEC）为1.576 1,相对分析误差（Relative percentage difference, RPD）为3.240 8;外部验证集决定系数Rp²为0.954 9且还原糖活性成分的验证集样本的测定值与NIR光谱预测值的P值为0.959 5>0.05。2）发酵麦麸可溶性蛋白定量模型的预处理方法使用一阶导数 （First derivative, FD）+二阶导数 （Second derivative, SD）+标准正态变换 （Standard normal variate, SNV）,光谱范围为908~1 670 nm ,主因子数为10时,模型效果最优,其决定系数Rc²为0.938 2,校正均方根误差（Square error corrected, SEC）为2.003,相对分析误差（Relative percentage difference, RPD）为4.021 9;外部验证集决定系数Rp²为0.994 4,且可溶性蛋白活性成分的验证集样本测定值与NIR光谱预测值的P值为0.901 9>0.05。综上,建立的NIR光谱定量模型稳定性和准确性较好,且预测准确度良好,可用于快速预测发酵麦麸样品的还原性糖和可溶性蛋白含量。  相似文献