Subject Index     

《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(6):no-no

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八宝景天花对三种杂草的化感作用及潜在化感物质鉴定     

王宇轩  唐宗寿  曹梦琳  李雅馨  张天宝  杜慧玲 《草业学报》2020,29(1):175-182

为探讨八宝景天花潜在化感物质对稗草、反枝苋、白三叶的化感作用,采用室内生物测试法,研究八宝景天花不同相萃取物对3种杂草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,并运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对化感活性强的萃取物进行成分分析,筛选出潜在化感物质,以相应分析纯化学试剂代替,进行化感活性鉴定。结果表明:二氯甲烷相萃取物对杂草萌发和生长有较强抑制作用,随着浓度的增加抑制作用增大,浓度在10 g·L^-1时对3种受试杂草抑制率均达100%;运用GC-MS对化感活性较强的二氯甲烷相进行化学成分分析,初步鉴定有18种化合物,从中筛选出5种潜在化感物质,其中化感综合效应最弱的为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,对白三叶的化感综合抑制效应仅为14.1%。其他4种均有较强的抑制作用,且化感活性存在显著性差异。受试植物中白三叶最敏感,棕榈酸甲酯、安息香酸和苯酚对其化感综合抑制效应达100%。可以为八宝景天花潜在化感物质生物除草剂开发提供基础。  相似文献   

辣椒根系分泌物化感作用的研究   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

侯永侠  周宝利  吴晓玲  付亚文 《沈阳农业大学学报》2007,38(4):504-507

根系分泌物是引起连作障碍的重要原因之一,研究了辣椒根系分泌物对自身的化感作用及根系分泌物中有机化合物种类。根系分泌物为水培获得,处理采用盆栽,有机化合物利用气质联用仪(GC-MS)测定。结果表明:根系分泌物中的化感物质,对辣椒幼苗生长有抑制作用,对生理有非常明显的伤害作用。这种作用随根系分泌物处理的含量增加、处理时间延长而加强。根系分泌物处理后,辣椒的根、茎、叶均受到影响,其中根鲜重受到的抑制作用最大,辣椒根系活力、抗氧化的保护酶(SOD,POD,CAT)活性明显下降,逆境生理指标丙二醛(MDA)生成量和相对电导率值明显增大。辣椒根系分泌物对辣椒有自毒作用。辣椒根系分泌物的化感物质共有24种。  相似文献   

Allelopathic Potentials of Some Crop Residues on the Germination and Growth of Bidens pilosa. L.     

A.  J.  Modupe K. Joshua  T.  P.  Olugbenga 《农业科学与技术》2010,(1):21-24,40

The allelopathic potentials of the aqueous extracts of rice husk and sorghum stem were examined on the germination and growth ofBidens pilosa. L. The extracts inhibited the germination ofB. pilosa seeds and the growth lengths of its radicle and plumule. In both extracts, the severity of the inhibition increased with the increase in the concentrations of the extracts, indicating that the effects of the extracts were concentration dependent. The results obtained also showed that the degree of retardation appeared to be more pronounced in the rice husks extract-treated seeds than those of sorghum extract-treated seeds. However there were no significant differences （at 5% level） in the comparison of the degree of inhibitions of radicle and plumule growths at the varying extract concentrations as well as those of the control in both extracts treated seeds.  相似文献   

Allelopathy Importance,Field Application and Potential Role in Pest Management： A Review     

J.  R.  Qasem 《农业科学与技术》2010,(6):104-120

Allelopathy importance and its application under field conditions are reviewed. Recent achievements in the field of plant protection are mainly considered and presented. Natural chemicals of potential use as pesticides, commercialized natural products of pesticidal properties are included. Reported plants of pest control properties, their targeted agricultural pests, formulations, methods of application and activity under field conditions are presented. Allelopathic plant species and implications on their use in the field, positive and negative impacts on cultivated crop species and agricultural pests are discussed. Some research difficulties and experimental methodology problems are mentioned. Prospects of allelopathy as a future strategy for pest management, development of eco-friendly biopesticides and importance for sustainable agriculture and recent developments in allelopathy research are discussed.  相似文献   

Dynamic root exudation of phenolic allelochemicals from Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense)          下载免费PDF全文

Hongjuan Huang  Chun Liu  Shouhui Wei  Jinxin Wang  Chaoxian Zhang 《Weed Biology and Management》2015,15(4):133-137

The phenolic allelochemicals from the root exudates of Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) were collected at different developmental stages and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet/photo‐diode array. The results revealed that three simple phenolic components, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate, along with two flavonoids, diosmetin (3′,5,7‐trihydroxy‐4′‐methoxyflavone) and tricin (5,7,4′‐trihydroxy‐3′,5′‐dimethoxyflavone), were found in the root exudates of Johnson grass. However, the major phenolic compounds varied and the quality of each compound was dynamic at different developmental stages: the only phenolic compound that was detected in the seedling stage was p‐hydroxybenzoic acid; three simple phenolic allelochemicals, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate, were found in the jointing stage; and five compounds, including the two flavonoids, tricin and diosmetin, appeared in the reproductive stage along with the other three simple phenolic allelochemicals. The highest diversity in phenolic constituents was in the reproductive stage, with five allelochemicals. Only p‐hydroxybenzoic acid was found in the whole life cycle of Johnson grass, with a range of 2.9 nmol to 6.8 nmol per plant per day. p‐Hydroxybenzaldehyde had the highest quality among all the compounds, with the highest releasing rate of 26.8 nmol per plant per day. The lowest‐content compounds were the two flavonoids, with the highest quality of 1.8 nmol per plant per day. The results suggest that the temporal dynamic of phenolic allelochemicals in the root exudates of Johnson grass corresponds with the dynamic of development.  相似文献   

Isolation and purification of growth‐inhibitors from Vietnamese rice cultivars     

Ho Le Thi  Chung‐Ho Lin  Reid J. Smeda  Felix B. Fritschi 《Weed Biology and Management》2014,14(4):221-231

Bioactive compounds that are produced by select rice cultivars have the potential to control barnyardgrass, a major rice yield‐limiting factor. In this study, the Vietnamese rice cultivars, OM 3536, OM 4498 and OM 5930, were selected and their inhibitory activity on cress, lettuce, canola and barnyardgrass was evaluated by using donor–receiver bioassays. These bioassays revealed that OM 3536 and OM 5930 exerted the greatest inhibitory activity, with an average growth inhibition of 57.2% on the roots and shoots of barnyardgrass. A bioassay‐guided approach was used to identify the allelopathic fractions from OM 5930 and was coupled with reverse‐phase chromatography in order to isolate several growth‐inhibitory fractions. The effective dose of the aqueous methanol extract of the rice plants that was required for 50% inhibition (ID₅₀) of the shoot and root growth of the four test plant species, as determined by a logistic regression analysis, averaged 0.091 and 0.062 g mL^?1 for OM 5930 and 0.112 and 0.072 g mL^?1 for OM 3536, respectively. The ID₅₀ of the barnyardgrass roots and shoots in the assays, as determined by a logistic regression analysis, was 0.044 and 0.149 g mL^?1 for OM 3536 and 0.052 and 0.114 g mL^?1 for OM 5930, respectively. A growth‐inhibitory fraction in the aqueous methanol extract of OM 5930 was isolated and the inhibitory activity on lettuce seedlings was determined. At a concentration of 100 p.p.m., this growth‐inhibitor inhibited lettuce root growth by up to 80.2%, compared to the control plants. These findings demonstrate that the dried plant tissues of Vietnamese rice cultivars could contain bioactive compounds that strongly inhibit plant growth.  相似文献   

Potential roles for microbial endophytes in herbicide tolerance in plants          下载免费PDF全文

Catherine Tétard‐Jones  Robert Edwards 《Pest management science》2016,72(2):203-209

Herbicide tolerance in crops and weeds is considered to be monotrophic, i.e. determined by the relative susceptibility of the physiological process targeted and the plant's ability to metabolise and detoxify the agrochemical. A growing body of evidence now suggests that endophytes, microbes that inhabit plant tissues and provide a range of growth, health and defence enhancements, can contribute to other types of abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. The current evidence for herbicide tolerance being bitrophic, with both free‐living and plant‐associated endophytes contributing to tolerance in the host plant, has been reviewed. We propose that endophytes can directly contribute to herbicide detoxification through their ability to metabolise xenobiotics. In addition, we explore the paradigm that microbes can ‘prime’ resistance mechanisms in plants such that they enhance herbicide tolerance by inducing the host's stress responses to withstand the downstream toxicity caused by herbicides. This latter mechanism has the potential to contribute to the growth of non‐target‐site‐based herbicide resistance in weeds. Microbial endophytes already contribute to herbicide detoxification in planta, and there is now significant scope to extend these interactions using synthetic biology approaches to engineer new chemical tolerance traits into crops via microbial engineering. © 2015 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

阿魏酸和茶碱对山茱萸种子萌发的影响     

《湖北林业科技》2017,(3):15-17

试验选用两种化感物质—阿魏酸和茶碱对山茱萸种子萌发的影响进行研究。结果表明:不同浓度的茶碱处理下山茱萸的种子萌发率、发芽势、发芽指数呈下降趋势;山茱萸种子在阿魏酸0.05 mmol/L萌发率为62.22%,比CK的种子萌发率高17.00%;阿魏酸0.5 mmol/L时发芽势和发芽指数最高,发芽势为42.22%比对照高27.00%,发芽指数为CK1.2倍。  相似文献   

胡麻残茬水提液化感自毒作用研究     

王立光  陈军  李静雯  李进京  陈琛  叶春雷  罗俊杰 《中国油料作物学报》2019,41(3):445-454

为探讨胡麻不同器官残茬的自毒作用,明确残茬根、茎及叶中的主要自毒物质,分别制备水提液,以蒸馏水为对照,设置不同浓度梯度水提液,用于胡麻种子萌发及幼苗生长实验,通过测定发芽势、发芽率、株高及根重等指标确定自毒效应,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术分析胡麻残茬根、茎及叶中的主要自毒物质。结果显示,胡麻残茬根、茎及叶水提液对自身种子萌发和幼苗生长总体上表现为"低促高抑"作用,且存在浓度效应。随着水提液浓度增加,胡麻残茬叶水提液最先到达临界浓度,其次为茎水提液,最后为根水提液。综合效应显示,胡麻不同残茬器官水提液化感自毒作用强弱关系为:残茬叶>残茬茎>残茬根。胡麻残茬根、茎及叶水提液中分别鉴定出8种、21种和14种化合物,主要包括酸类和酯类,含量最多的自毒物质为棕榈酸和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯。胡麻残茬根、茎及叶水提液对种子萌发及幼苗生长具有显著的化感自毒效应,可能是导致胡麻连作障碍的主要原因之一。  相似文献