福建超级稻品种干物质生产特性研究     

何花榕  房贤涛  谢祖钦  杨惠杰 《福建农业学报》2015,(4)

分析4个超级稻品种的干物质积累、分配、转运和群体生长率等生理特性。结果表明:超级稻品种的叶面积指数(LAI)呈抛物线动态变化,齐穗期达最高值;各品种的群体生长率(CGR)均以齐穗期-乳熟期为最高,且整个生育过程各超级稻品种的CGR均高于对照,具有较强的光合生产能力;超级稻产量与生育前期的干物质积累量关系不密切,而与中后期的干物质积累量呈极显著的正相关,显示超级稻品种的干物质生产优势在中后期;超级稻品种平均的茎叶干物质输出率和表观转变率均比对照低;超级稻品种稻谷产量显著高于对照的原因,是依赖超级稻品种具有高额的干物质生产量及生育中后期叶片更多的光合作用。  相似文献   

水土保持植物措施与径流调控工程对位配置数量化分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

张富  高嶙  赵克荣 《甘肃农业大学学报》2011,(4):97-104,111

在水土保持措施对位配置原理与方法的指导下,以位于黄土丘陵区第5副区的安定区九华沟流域为例证,系统分析了研究区域环境资源的分布规律及常见水土保持植物措施的限制性因子,通过植物措施需求位与所处环境资源位的数量化分析,以植物措施对位配置为指导,以径流调控工程技术为手段,以满足植物需水为目标,进行了水土保持植物措施需求位与治理...  相似文献   

蜻蛉河大型灌区水资源优化配置模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨玲  文俊  李靖  张刘东 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,27(4):566-573

 根据非充分灌溉理论,按大系统分解协调原理,建立了以总效益最大为目标的灌区灌溉水资源递阶控制优化模型,对灌区多水源进行优化配水研究。应用上述数学模型,对蜻蛉河大型灌区进行水资源优化配置研究。对于每个层次子系统,采用适宜于解决多阶段过程或能转化成多阶段决策过程的动态规划方法来求其最优解。计算结果表明：本文引用和提出的理论与方法是正确的。同时也使我们看到,经过水资源的合理优化分配,采用非充分灌溉方法将具有较大的节水潜力,此研究成果为灌区水资源合理利用提供了一种新途径。  相似文献   

高寒区施肥和混播对燕麦人工草地土壤碳氮储量及垂直分布特征的影响     

刘文辉  贾志锋  马祥  梁国玲 《中国农学通报》2019,35(3):112-121

了解高寒地区燕麦人工草地在燕麦品种、施肥措施和混播水平下土壤碳氮储量潜力及垂直分布动态,为高寒地区燕麦人工草地建植提供理论依据。采用4个燕麦品种（A1：青燕1号,Avena sativa cv. Qingyan No.1;A2：林纳,A. sativa cv. Lena;A3：青海444,A. sativa cv. Qinghai 444;A4：青海甜燕麦,A. sativa cv. Qinghai）、4个施肥水平（B1：不施任何肥料,CK0;B2：尿素75kg/hm2+磷酸二铵150kg/hm2,IM;B3：有机肥1500 kg/hm2,OM;B4：尿素37.5 kg/hm2+磷酸二铵75 kg/hm2+有机肥750 kg/hm2,IM+OM）和4个箭筈豌豆混播水平（C1：0 kg/hm2;C2：45 kg/hm2;C3：60 kg/hm2;C4：75 kg/hm2）的三因素四水平正交试验设计[L16(45)],在燕麦拔节期、抽穗期、开花期、乳熟期和收获后期研究了3个因素对高寒区燕麦人工草地土壤C、N储量的影响极其垂直分布特征,为高寒区燕麦人工草地土壤固C、固N潜力评估提供理论依据。品种、施肥和混播均显著影响了燕麦人工草地土壤C、N储量。3个因素在作物生长期对土壤C储量的积累的影响大小表现为施肥＞混播＞品种,收获后期表现为混播＞施肥＞品种;各时期对土壤N储量的影响大小均表现为施肥＞混播＞品种。采用尿素37.5 kg/hm2+磷酸二铵75 kg/hm2+有机肥750 kg/hm2的施肥处理,混播75 kg/hm2箭筈豌豆建植的燕麦人工草地土壤C、N储量最高。施肥措施造成燕麦人工草地各时期不同土层间土壤C、N储量的差异。在3种措施影响下燕麦人工草地0~50cm土层土壤C、N储量潜力分别为176.78 t/hm2和11.78 t/hm2。土壤C、N随着土层的加深而逐渐下降,0~20cm土层土壤C、N储量显著高于其它土层。  相似文献   

湖南教育报刊社新址景观环境设计   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

徐斌  陈琼琳  龙岳林 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,33(1):40-43

本着对资源的保护与利用、历史文化的延续和景观再生的设计指导思想,针对湖南教育报刊社的发展历史和其新址的自然条件与景观特色,以尊重自然、传承历史文化、创造“天人合一”的人居环境为设计理念,对湖南教育报刊社新址景观环境设计的设计目标和主要设计内容进行了阐述.  相似文献   

Transferring water from irrigation to higher valued uses: a case study of the Zhanghe irrigation system in China     

R. Loeve  B. Dong  L. Hong  C. D. Chen  S. Zhang  R. Barker 《Paddy and Water Environment》2007,5(4):263-269

The Zhanghe irrigation system (ZIS) is located in the Yangtze River Basin approximately 200 km west of Wuhan in Hubei Province. The reservoir was designed for multiple uses—irrigation, flood control, domestic water supply, industrial use, aquaculture, and hydropower. Over a period of more than 30 years a steadily increasing amount of water has been transferred from irrigation to other uses. Activities on the part of government, irrigation system managers, and farmers made this transfer possible with only modest decline in rice production. Most important factor was the steady increase in rice yields. The water pricing system provided an incentive for ZIS to reduce irrigation releases. With the steady decline in releases, farmers were forced to find ways to save water. Farmers improved existing ponds and built new ones to store water (improved infrastructure). Access to pond water on demand facilitated the adoption of alternate wetting and drying (technology) particularly in dry years. The establishment of volumetric pricing (price policy) and water user associations (institutions) may also have provided incentives for adoption of AWD, but more research is needed to establish their impact. These activities taken together can be seen as potentially complementary measures. Farmers received no direct compensation for the transfer of water, but recently farm taxes have been reduced or altogether abolished. Further reduction in water releases from the ZIS reservoir could adversely affect rice production in normal or dry years.  相似文献   

Investigations on the digestibility and metabolizability of the major nutrients and energy of maize leaves and barnyard grass in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)     

E.B. DONGMEZA  G. FRANCIS  S. STEINBRONN  U. FOCKEN  K. BECKER 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2010,16(3):313-326

In the uplands of northern Vietnam, culture of grass carp contributes significantly to income and household food security of Black Thai farmers. Maize is one of the most important upland crops and barnyard grass is the most important weed in the paddy rice fields. Thus, these are frequently used by small‐scale fish farmers as fish feed. An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted simultaneously in a recirculation and in a respirometric system to determine the digestibility and metabolizability of the nutrients of maize leaves and barnyard grass, to assess their crude protein, lipid and energy conversion and to estimate the energy allocation in grass carp. The following diets were used: diet ‘A’ (reference diet) containing 39% crude protein with 19.8 MJ kg^?1 gross energy; diets ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’, which contained the same amount of the reference diet as the control diet, supplemented with a known amount of dried barnyard grass, dried maize leaves or fresh maize leaves, respectively. Five fish were assigned to each treatment in each experimental unit. Reference and test diets were fed to fish and faecal samples were collected and the oxygen consumption was measured in order to set up an energy budget of the fish over the whole experimental period. The weekly development of the body weight was recorded. The body weight gain of the fish fed diet D was significantly higher than that of the group fed diet A, which also in turn was significantly higher than that of fish fed diet B or C. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of nutrients and gross energy for the different experimental diets in fish kept in the aquaria were, for diets A, B, C and D respectively, 94.1%, 60.9%, 70.5% and 84.7% for protein, 91.3%, 60.7%, 76.8% and 71.8% for lipid; 95.9%, 44.5%, 60.6% and 69.1% for gross energy. The partial ADC of plant leaf ingredients were determined and barnyard grass and dried maize leaves were found to be not only poorly digestible but having negative impact on the digestibility of the reference diet, while fresh maize leaves were well digested. The results of the present study indicated that fresh maize leaves have a good potential to be used as supplement in diets for grass carp.  相似文献   

3种圭亚那柱花草根系分泌物对杂草幼苗生长的影响     

王俐媛  王坚  丁西朋  欧芳秀  李佳旭  李雪枫 《草地学报》2022,30(6):1500-1508

为明确3种圭亚那柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis Sw.)(‘热研2号’、‘热研5号’和热研21号)的根系分泌物对杂草生长的化感效应,采用营养液培法分别收集其根系分泌物,研究其对5种外来入侵杂草幼苗形态特征及生物量分配的影响。结果表明,除对含羞草(Mimosa pudica L.)幼苗无显著影响外,3种圭亚那柱花草对其余4种杂草的总化感综合效应均为抑制作用。‘热研5号’柱花草对杂草幼苗生长的化感抑制效应强于其他二者,对蒺藜草(Cenchrus echinatus L.)幼苗的根长、株高、地下生物量、地上生物量、总生物量和根冠比均有显著抑制效应(P<0.05),对羽芒菊(Tridax procumbens L.)幼苗的侧根数、地下生物量和根冠比有显著抑制效应(P<0.05),也显著抑制假臭草(Eupatorium catarium V.)幼苗的生物量向地下分配(P<0.05),仅对鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)幼苗的抑制效应相对较弱。灰色关联分析表明,进行圭亚那柱花草的化感效应研究中应重点关注总生物量、地上生物量和株高。由此推测,3种圭...  相似文献   

氮肥管理对有序机抛早稻产量及氮素利用的影响     

覃斌  孙鑫  刘福强  何在周  向军  陶祖豪  王慰亲  郑华斌  唐启源 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2024,50(1):1-8

以常规早稻品种湘早籼24号为材料,于2021—2022年开展大田试验,设3个氮肥水平,即120 kg/hm²(N1)、150 kg/hm² (N2)和180 kg/hm² (N3),4个氮肥分配处理T1、T2、T3、T4,基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥的施用比例分别为1∶1∶1、0∶1∶1、1∶0∶1、1∶1∶0,以生产推荐施肥CK(施氮量120kg/hm2,基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥的施用比例为5∶3∶2)和零氮处理(N0)为对照,研究施氮量和氮肥分配对有序机抛早稻产量、生长特性及氮素利用的影响。结果表明：N3、N2、N1的早稻平均产量依次降低,N1的平均产量显著低于CK而高于N0的;在不同氮肥分配下,T2的产量低于T1、T3、T4和CK的,其中显著低于T4的;分析产量构成因子发现,产量的降低主要缘于单位面积穗数的下降;基肥不施氮肥的T2处理的分蘖率虽未显著降低,但其成穗率低,导致单位面积有效穗数下降;随着施氮量的增加,早稻氮素利用率随之下降;在不同氮肥分配下,T2的氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率均显著低于T4的。可见,基肥缺失氮肥对有序...  相似文献   

DROUGHT STRESS: Soil Water Availability Alters the Inter‐ and Intra‐Cultivar Competition of Three Spring Wheat Cultivars Bred in Different Eras     

L. Song  D.‐W. Zhang  F.‐M. Li  X.‐W. Fan  Q. Ma  N. C. Turner 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2010,196(5):323-335

Competition for water generates a classic aspect of the tragedy of the commons, the ‘race for fish’, where crops must allocate more resource to acquisition of the limiting resource than is optimal for crop yield allocation. A pot experiment using a simple additive (target–neighbour) design was conducted to examine the above‐ground and below‐ground growth of three spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars when grown alone and in mixtures at three levels of water availability. The effects of competition and water availability were compared by observing patterns of growth, biomass allocation and below‐ground outcomes. Competitive interactions were investigated among cultivars ‘HST’, ‘GY602’ and ‘LC8275’, target plant of each cultivar grown without neighbouring plants are referred to herein as control plant and one target plant of each cultivar sown surrounded either by same or another cultivar as intra‐ or inter‐cultivar competition. Competitive ability was assessed as the response ratio (lnRR) between the target plant surrounded by six other plants and the target plant in isolation. Our results showed that the cultivar ‘HST’, released over a century ago, produced a higher biomass and grain yield than the more recently released cultivars ‘LC8275’ and ‘GY602’ when grown as isolated plants with sufficient water supply. However, competition for resources from neighbours led to target plant biomass and grain yield being significantly reduced relative to controls in all three cultivars, particularly in ‘HST’. When subjected to intra‐cultivar competition, the two recently released cultivars ‘LC8275’ and ‘GY602’ had higher grain yields and water use efficiency for grain than ‘HST’ in all three water regimes. The landrace ‘HST’ had better and significantly linear relationships between biomass and biomass allocation, root length and specific root length, whereas the recent and modern cultivars had much more water‐related species‐specific changes in root morphology and allocation patterns. These results suggest that crop traits that influence competitive ability, such as biomass allocation to roots and root plasticity in response to drought have changed in modern wheat cultivars because of breeding and selection.  相似文献