Rehabilitation of lands mined for limestone in the Indian desert     

K. D Sharma  S Kumar  L. P Gough 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2000,11(6):563-574

In the Indian desert, the economics of mining is second only to agriculture in importance. However, research on the rehabilitation of land disturbed by mining has only recently received serious attention. An attempt has been made to determine both the qualitative and quantitative success of rehabilitation plans used to revegetate limestone mine spoils in an area near Barna, northwest arid India. Rehabilitation success was achieved using a combination of rainwater harvesting techniques, soil amendment application approaches, plant establishment methods and the selection of appropriate germplasm material (trees, shrubs and grasses). It is expected that the resulting vegetative cover will be capable of self‐perpetuation under natural conditions while at the same time meeting the land‐use needs of the local people. The minespoils have adequate levels of the major nutrients (except P, Mo and Se) for proper plant and grazing animal health. Levels of organic matter are low whereas total B concentrations are exceptionally high. Also, the population of soil fungi, Azotobactor, and nitrifying bacteria is negligible. Enhanced plant growth was achieved in treated plots, compared to control plots, where spoil moisture storage was improved by 5 – 45 per cent. Due to the decomposition of farmyard manure and nitrogen fixation by planted leguminous plant species, the electrical conductance of treated mine spoils increased threefold, CaCO₃ content decreased from 20·0 to 5·2 per cent, and organic carbon, P, K, and biological activity increased significantly. The rehabilitation protocol used at the site appears to have been successful because plant self‐regeneration is occurring. The increased diversity of woody perennials resulted in ‘dominance’ being better shared among species and ‘evenness’ being increased within the plant community elements. The early to mid‐successional trends are continuing for six years following initial rehabilitation. This study developed methods for the rehabilitation of lands mined for limestone and has also resulted in an understanding of rehabilitation processes in arid regions with an emphasis on the long‐term monitoring of rehabilitation success. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

植物修复技术中有关土壤重金属活化机制的研究进展   总被引：31，自引：1，他引：31  

姜理英  杨肖娥  石伟勇  叶正钱 《土壤通报》2003,34(2):154-157

植物修复技术是现在环境污染研究领域的一个热点问题,而植物提取是植物修复技术一个重要分支。本文主要从三个方面综述了植物提取中土壤重金属活化的机制问题。1.植物本身分泌特殊物质来螯合溶解难溶性金属;2.通过某些微生物或微生物和植物的共生体促进植物对重金属的吸收;3.通过一些土壤改良措施如螯合剂、酸性肥料等的施用增加重金属的有效性,从而提高植物对重金属的提取效率。土壤重金属的植物修复涉及到的学科很多,在进行研究时应加强学科之间的协作研究。  相似文献   

添加不同材料对肥料中氮磷在土壤中淋出特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王旭东  关文玲  杨雪芹  杨莹 《农业环境科学学报》2005,24(3):544-547

采用6种不同类型的材料与化学肥料复合,通过间歇淋溶实验,研究了不同材料对肥料中N、P淋出特性的影响。结果表明,CK处理(施用化学肥料),经过6次淋溶,氮素淋容量占所施氮素的13%左右,硅酸钠对氮素后期淋溶有一定的促进作用,而沸石、胡敏酸、PAM、柠檬酸对氮素淋溶有一定抑制作用,其中以PAM和柠檬酸抑制作用较大,氮素淋溶量只占所施氮素的6.7%左右。氮素累积淋溶量与时间的关系可用指数方程y=aebt来描述。胡敏酸、PAM、柠檬酸对磷素淋溶有促进作用,以柠檬酸的促进作用最强,而其它材料表现出一定的抑制作用;磷素累积淋溶量与时间的关系可以用双常数方程lny=A Blnt来描述,其中柠檬酸处理使方程的B值最大,反映磷素淋溶量随时间变化增加最快。  相似文献   

有机合成类土壤改良剂的制备及其对沙化土壤抗蚀性的改良效果     

王竞铮  赵串串  王羽琴  谢林花  王御钦  王嘉怡  张莎  贾东瑾 《水土保持通报》2024,44(2):32-40

[目的] 探究以玉米芯、腐殖酸为原料制备纤维素基土壤结构改良剂对沙质土壤抗侵蚀性能的改良效果,为区域性水土流失治理工作提供科学参考。 [方法] 选择漆酶(Lac)和木素过氧化物酶(Lip)的单酶类型和双酶协同,设置3个酶活水平,2个玉米芯生物质添加处理,固定腐殖酸用量,通过水溶液聚合法制备纤维素基土壤改良剂。利用红外光谱对酶解产物及改良剂官能团进行表征,基于溶胀特性分析土壤保水持水能力和改良剂的网状特征,基于机械性和水稳性团聚体相关参数分析改良剂对沙质土壤抗蚀性的改良效果。 [结果] ①纤维素基土壤改良剂的吸纯水倍率为纯腐殖酸基改良剂的0.61～4.84倍。添加4 g漆酶(20 U)+木素过氧化物酶(20 U)酶解产物制备的土壤改良剂(LLP_3-4)的吸纯水倍率最高,为66.7 g/g。改良剂溶胀过程符合Schott二级动力学模型。 ②与CK相比,3种酶解方案制备的改良剂(Lac_3-4,Lip_3-4和LLP_3-4)1%添加处理,土壤的饱和持水量提高了20%～60%;LLP_3-4可使机械性大团聚体和水稳性大团聚体(粒径＞0.25 mm)含量分别增加了6倍和14倍,使土壤平均重量直径和几何平均直径分别增加了70.59%和46.67%,分形维数降低了21.36%。 [结论] 双酶预处理方案制备的纤维素基土壤改良剂可显著提升沙化土壤的保水持水能力及抗蚀性能。  相似文献   

不同土壤添加剂对番茄苗期土壤根际微生物数量的影响   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

曲再红  杜相革 《中国农学通报》2004,20(3):48-48

将8种物质苜蓿汁、韭菜汁、木醋液、白菜汁、萝卜汁、葱汁、草木灰和蘑菇汁分别与有机肥以1：7的比例混合,制成土壤添加剂,然后再将配好的不同土壤添加剂分别按1：30的比例加入到土壤中,混合均匀,种植上番茄,设有机肥处理作为对照,待番茄苗出土后,每隔7d测定一次番茄土壤根际微生物数量（主要测定土壤细菌,土壤真菌和土壤放线菌的数量）。测定结果表明,在整个测定期间,与有机肥对照相比,苜蓿汁与有机肥、韭菜汁与有机肥和木醋液与有机肥配制的土壤添加剂对土壤中微生物数量都有增加趋势。木醋液与有机肥配制的土壤添加剂在加入土壤15d,土壤细菌、土壤放线菌和土壤真菌数量就增加到最大,分别为1131.94%、191.67%和348.19%。  相似文献   

土壤改良剂与氮肥配施对玉米生长及其养分含量的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

许晓平  冯浩  赵西宁  汪有科 《西北农业学报》2008,17(3):139-142

采用盆栽试验研究了秸秆配方、废料配方和胶土配方3种改良剂与氮肥配施对玉米植株生长状况、生物量、叶绿素含量、全N及全P含量的影响。结果表明:3种改良剂与0.5 g/盆氮肥配施可以显著提高株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上地下生物量、叶绿素含量及植株全N含量,且以秸秆配方配施效果最佳,过量施用氮肥(1.0 g/盆)时,各指标与0.5 g氮肥水平下的值相比增加幅度甚小,茎粗和地下生物量甚至有下降的趋势。改良剂因素和氮肥因素对全P含量也有一定的影响,但二者交互作用对其并未产生显著性影响。因此,在施加改良剂的条件下可以适当地减少肥料的使用量,在满足植物体吸收利用前提下,既减少了养分投入和浪费,又减轻了对环境的污染。  相似文献   

组配改良剂对重金属污染土壤理化性质及有效养分的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

邱琼瑶  周航  曾卉  王英杰  廖柏寒 《农业环境科学学报》2014,33(5):907-912

采用水稻盆栽实验,对施用组配改良剂(石灰石+海泡石)前后盆栽土壤的酸碱性、有机质含量和营养元素有效态含量,盆栽水稻糙米Pb、Cd含量进行分析和评价。结果显示:施用组配改良剂能够降低水稻糙米Pb、Cd含量,显著提高土壤pH值(从5.57到7.34)和土壤CEC(添加量达到16 g·kg-1时,比对照提高217%);但是施用组配改良剂对土壤有机质含量影响未达显著水平,其变化率在-2%到7%之间。另一方面,施用组配改良剂对土壤中营养元素(Ca、Mg)有效态含量有提高作用,最多比对照分别提高293%和22%;组配改良剂添加量与土壤中碱解N、有效P、速效K含量无显著相关性;施用组配改良剂会降低微量营养元素Fe有效态的含量,但添加量与有效态含量并无显著相关性。因此,本研究表明,施用这种组配改良剂到重金属污染土壤,能够有效改善土壤环境,提高保肥能力,降低糙米Pb和Cd的含量。  相似文献   

不同改良剂处理对玉米生长和重金属累积的影响   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

徐峰  黄益宗  蔡立群  孙晓铧  刘崇敏  王斐 《农业环境科学学报》2013,32(3)

采用土壤盆栽实验研究不同改良剂对玉米吸收和积累重金属的影响.结果表明,大多数改良剂处理均显著地提高玉米的地上部鲜重和总鲜重.添加改良剂可显著地降低土壤Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的有效态含量.与CK处理相比,添加不同改良剂导致土壤有效态Cd含量降低4.8％～16.5％,有效态Pb含量降低10.6％～15.5％,有效态Cu含量降低4.5％～26.7％和有效态Zn含量降低2.8％～7.6％,其中骨炭、骨炭+赤泥和Al2(SO4)3改性骨炭处理降低效果最明显.改良剂的添加对玉米吸收和积累Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn产生不同程度的影响.与对照相比,不同改良剂处理均显著地降低玉米叶片中的Cd含量27.5％～62.2％,骨炭+赤泥、海泡石、沸石和天然骨炭处理分别降低玉米茎中Pb含量46.7％、55.6％、59.0％和74.0％.同样,改良剂对玉米植株Cu和Zn含量的影响也表现出相类似的规律.玉米转运重金属也受改良剂添加的影响.  相似文献   

The use of compost in urban green areas – A review for practical application     

Arne Sb  Francesco Ferrini 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2006,4(3-4):159-169

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Effects of grass vegetation strips on soil conservation and crop yield under rainfed conditions in the Indian sub‐Himalayas     

B. N. Ghosh  P. Dogra  R. Bhattacharyya  N. K. Sharma  K. S. Dadhwal 《Soil Use and Management》2012,28(4):635-646

Vegetation strips (VS) along with conservation tillage, application of organic amendments and weed mulching improve crop yields by reducing run‐off and topsoil erosion. To investigate these issues, an experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions using grass VS for four and a half years (June 2007 to October 2011) at Dehradun, Uttarakhand, in the Indian Himalayan region. VS were incorporated in the experimental plots (Entisols) in a randomized complete block design in permanent 100 × 20 m (2000 m²) plots with a 2% slope to evaluate the effects of vegetation strips on run‐off, soil loss and crop yield. Three treatments were evaluated: (i) without VS with recommended NPK under conventional tillage, (ii) panicum as VS with recommended NPK under conventional tillage and (iii) palmarosa+ that consists of palmarosa as VS along with organic amendments (farmyard manure, vermicompost and poultry manure) and weed mulch under minimum tillage. The results show that soil loss and run‐off were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in plots under palmarosa+ than without VS treatment. Mean soil loss of 3.4, 5.2 and 7.1 t/ha was recorded from palmarosa+, panicum and without VS treated plots, respectively. Mean run‐off was 234, 356 and 428 mm from plots under palmarosa+, panicum and without VS, respectively. Maize yield was lower on the plots under palmarosa+ compared with panicum, but significantly higher (P < 0.05) than without a strip. The succeeding rainfed wheat yield was significantly greater in plots under palmarosa+ than in the initial years. The wheat yield equivalent was significantly higher in plots under palmarosa+ followed by panicum and without VS. Thus, vegetation strips are recommended for wider adoption to reduce run‐off and soil loss and to increase crop yield. The long‐term goal is to achieve a palmarosa+ system (palmarosa as a vegetation strip along with organic amendments, farmyard manure, vermicompost and poultry manure) and weed mulch under minimum tillage.  相似文献