Quality indices of Jew's mallow and spinach during frozen storage     

Azza A. S. Labib  Somaia A. Abd El-Latife  Helmy Omran 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1997,50(4):333-347

In this study, Jew's mallow and spinach were heat treated and kept frozen, at –18°C, for 3 months. Analysis of some chemical components and enzymatic activities as well as a sensory evaluation were undertaken. At the end of the storage period, blanched spinach showed no PPO (polyphenyloxidase) activity at all, but still contained PO (peroxydase) and LO (lipoxygenase) activities. The untreated spinach stored under the same conditions showed high activities of PO, PPO and LO. The heat treated mallow still contained high enzyme activities which decreased slowly during frozen storage. Statistical analysis of the chemical composition and the sensory evaluation results indicated that heat treatments of mallow caused significant differences in total solids, pH, chlorophylla and total chlorophyll, while frozen storage, of samples of the same treatment for 3 months caused no significant differences in moisture, ash, oxalic acid, pH, chlorophylla and total chlorophyll. No significant differences could be noticed in the overall acceptability between mallow samples mixed with hot water and those mixed in the overall acceptability between mallow samples mixed with hot water and those mixed with a hot 0.1% MgCO₃ solution. Significant differences were found between the heat treated and the untreated mallow. Changes of the chemical composition and the overall acceptability of blanched spinach during frozen storage showed almost the same trend noticed for the Jew's mallow.  相似文献   

Application-Oriented Marine Isomerases in Biocatalysis     

Antonio Trincone 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)

The class EC 5.xx, a group of enzymes that interconvert optical, geometric, or positional isomers are interesting biocatalysts for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical intermediates. This class, named “isomerases,” can transform cheap biomolecules into expensive isomers with suitable stereochemistry useful in synthetic medicinal chemistry, and interesting cases of production of l-ribose, d-psicose, lactulose, and d-phenylalanine are known. However, in two published reports about potential biocatalysts of marine origin, isomerases are hardly mentioned. Therefore, it is of interest to deepen the knowledge of these biocatalysts from the marine environment with this specialized in-depth analysis conducted using a literature search without time limit constraints. In this review, the focus is dedicated mainly to example applications in biocatalysis that are not numerous confirming the general view previously reported. However, from this overall literature analysis, curiosity-driven scientific interest for marine isomerases seems to have been long-standing. However, the major fields in which application examples are framed are placed at the cutting edge of current biotechnological development. Since these enzymes can offer properties of industrial interest, this will act as a promoter for future studies of marine-originating isomerases in applied biocatalysis.  相似文献   

低分子量岩藻聚糖酶法制备工艺     

闫相勇  刘翼翔  凌绍梅  李斌  吴永沛 《农业工程学报》2014,30(4):279-285

为了获得分子量集中,生物活性显著的岩藻低聚糖片断,该试验从九孔鲍肝胰腺中分离纯化出岩藻聚糖裂解酶裂解岩藻聚糖。通过等电点法、硫酸铵分布盐析法及Sephadex G-150柱分离纯化出2种底物酶(岩藻聚糖酶、α-L-岩藻糖苷酶),同时采用黏度和还原糖法作为酶活的评价指标评价酶的作用特点。结果表明:等电点法中pH值4.5、5.0时的沉淀物酶活最高,且pH值4.5的沉淀物在硫酸铵质量分数为30%时分离纯化出岩藻聚糖酶,而pH值5.0的沉淀物在硫酸铵质量分数40%时分离纯化出α-L-岩藻糖苷酶。此种工艺方法能得到2种岩藻聚糖裂解酶,底物降解率为8%～15%,获得硫酸基团破坏性小的低分子量岩藻聚糖。因此,九孔鲍岩藻聚糖裂解酶可作为酶法制备低分子量岩藻聚糖的工具酶,具有重要的开发应用价值。  相似文献   

羊草对盐碱胁迫的生理生化响应特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

刘滨硕  康春莉  王鑫  包国章 《农业工程学报》2014,30(23):166-173

研究羊草对盐碱胁迫生理响应特征,旨在找出羊草耐盐碱范围及其对盐碱地改良的应用潜力。通过模拟5组不同盐碱梯度土壤胁迫试验(p H值为7.61、8.05、8.33、8.73、9.37,电导率为0.109、0.301、0.437、0.486、0.591 m S/cm),研究了羊草体内离子含量和运输能力、有机小分子渗透调节和保护酶活性变化。结果表明,盐碱胁迫由低到高,超氧化物歧化酶和甜菜碱在中度盐碱胁迫(p H值8.33,电导率0.437 m S/cm)积累最多,其他测定的耐盐碱物质,钠离子、脯氨酸、丙二醛、有机酸(草酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸)、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白均呈直线增加。在盐碱胁迫条件下,羊草叶片中积累的钾离子、甜菜碱、有机酸、可溶性蛋白高于根茎,而脯氨酸、丙二醛、保护酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶)、可溶性总糖叶片中含量低于根茎。根茎大量积累保护酶、脯氨酸及丙二醛有助于防止盐碱环境下根茎中膜过氧化,并保持根茎正常的渗透调节能力,从而有利于将K+等养分运送到叶片。在盐碱胁迫下,羊草叶片主要积累甜菜碱和有机酸进行渗透调节。该试验结果表明,羊草根茎和叶片在不同盐碱胁迫条件下各耐盐碱生理指标均产生一系列适应性反应,使其在盐碱环境正常生长,进而降低土壤盐碱性。该研究可为耐盐碱饲草选育及根茎型禾草改良盐碱化草地提供理论和实践依据。  相似文献   

鸡传染性贫血免疫对肝微粒体抗氧化酶活性的影响     

周建  孙素玲 《中国兽医杂志》2011,47(8)

目的是观察鸡传染性贫血多次免疫对肝微粒体中抗氧化酶活性的影响.对20只SPF鸡随机分为2组,每组10只,免疫组鸡用鸡传染性贫血弱毒苗免疫4次,每次间隔2周,对照组鸡注射同剂量的生理盐水.最后一次免疫后10d取肝脏制备微粒体,利用测试盒测定肝微粒体中的GSH-Px活性、SOD活性、CAT活性和MDA含量.结果与对照组相比,免疫组肝微粒体中GSH Px活性、SOD活性和CAT活性都显著提高(P＜0.05),MDA含量显著减低(P＜0.05).结论为鸡传染性贫血多次免疫可提高鸡体抗氧化能力.  相似文献   

Effects of vitamin C supplementation on growth performance and antioxidant status of layer ducklings     

Wang A  Xie F  Wang YH  Wu JL 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2011,95(4):533-539

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary vitamin C supplements on growth performance, antioxidant status and humoral immunity of layer ducklings. The results showed that the body weight and daily body weight gain of ducklings increased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary vitamin C supplementations and reached a maximum at 400 mg vitamin C/kg feed. The dietary vitamin C supplementations reduced the malondialdehyde concentration (p < 0.05) and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05) in serum and liver of ducklings at day 5 and 28. Additionally, feeding 400 mg/kg or 800 mg vitamin C/kg feed increased IgM and IgA concentrations in sera (p < 0.05) and serum IgG concentrations increased (p < 0.05) following supplementation in concentrations of 150-800 mg vitamin C/kg feed. In conclusion, the results suggested that dietary vitamin C supplements of 400 mg/kg feed provide optimal effects on growth performance, antioxidant status and parameters of humoral immunity.  相似文献   

野菊幼苗对自然干旱胁迫的生理响应     

何淼  李文鹤  卓丽环 《草业科学》2011,28(8):1456-1460

用盆栽法对原产于辽宁本溪的野菊（Dendranthema indicum）幼苗在自然干旱胁迫下的生理响应进行了研究。结果表明,渗透调节物可溶性蛋白含量处理期间一直低于对照,后期开始上升并接近对照;可溶性糖与之相反,处理前期急剧上升后期开始下降;丙二醛与相对电导率在处理期间都高于对照,随时间的延长,复水组逐渐接近对照;保护酶系统变化趋势比较一致,都是先上升后下降,最后再上升。本研究认为这种变化前期是植物自我的保护机制,后期的抗氧化酶含量上升可能是植物对环境产生了适应性。综合分析,认为在自然干旱胁迫下野菊有较好的忍耐能力、恢复能力和适应能力,具有较强的抗旱性,可作为良好的园林植物材料应用。  相似文献   

不同氮效率水稻生育后期氮代谢酶活性的变化特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

叶利庭  张亚丽  吕华军  宋文静  图尔迪  沈其荣 《土壤学报》2011,48(1):132-140

以不同氮效率水稻基因型为供试材料,研究了两个供氮水平下水稻生育后期功能叶和茎秆的氮、可溶性蛋白浓度和氮转运量以及氮代谢关键酶的变化。结果表明:与对照相比,施氮处理能显著增加不同氮效率水稻功能叶和茎秆的氮、可溶性蛋白的浓度和氮转运量。在不同的施氮水平下,水稻从齐穗至成熟顶三叶的氮浓度降低了60%～67%;而茎秆氮在生育后期对籽粒氮的贡献取决于环境供氮水平,与对照相比施氮处理水稻从茎秆转运出的氮大幅提高,在不同的供氮水平下南光的叶片和茎秆氮转运量显著高于Elio。与对照相比,施氮处理增加齐穗期时硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)的活性。随生育期的推进,四种氮代谢酶活性随之降低。南光的NR和GS酶活性显著高于Elio,但NR活性受水稻生育期和环境供氮水平的影响较大;南光的GOGAT和GDH的活性显著低于Elio。相关分析表明,NR和GS活性与功能叶和茎秆的氮转运量呈显著正相关。这就意味着水稻生育后期功能叶和茎秆的NR和GS活性高,尤其是GS活性高是筛选水稻氮高效的重要指标。  相似文献   

铜胁迫对白茅根际和非根际土壤酶活性影响的研究     

晋松  吴克  俞志敏  金杰  杨红  储玲 《土壤通报》2011,(4):937-941

通过盆栽实验研究了重金属Cu递进胁迫对白茅根际和非根际土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着Cu浓度的增加,根际和非根际土壤的pH值下降、土壤酸化,而电导率呈持续上升,但根际土壤的pH值持续高于非根际土壤且更接近于中性。在梯度浓度的重金属Cu胁迫下,根际和非根际蔗糖酶活性随Cu浓度增加均表现出先升后降的趋势,但根际土壤的蔗糖酶活性在Cu浓度为1000 mg kg-1时达到峰值,而非根际土壤则在Cu浓度为500 mg kg-1时已到达峰值。白茅根际和非根际土壤中磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性受Cu离子的影响均表现出持续下降的趋势,但各酶受抑制率各不相同。对梯度浓度Cu胁迫下的白茅根际和非根际土壤酶活性而言,四种酶在根际土壤中的活性普遍高于非根际土壤,且Cu2+对根际酶活性的抑制率也大于非根际土壤酶。对重金属单Cu污染敏感的土壤酶类依次为磷酸酶>蔗糖酶>脲酶>过氧化氢酶,其中磷酸酶可作为检测污染土壤的指示酶。  相似文献   

马兰黄酮类化合物的提取及其抗氧化活性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张灿  张海晖  武妍  段玉清  张瑞  邵婷婷  陈杰华 《农业工程学报》2011,27(14):307-311

为了探索以亚临界水萃取马兰黄酮类化合物的效果,以得率为指标,通过单因素和正交试验,优选其萃取工艺参数,并对所得黄酮类化合物的抗氧化性能进行测定。结果表明,在压力为5.0 MPa,温度160℃、提取时间25 min、水料比为20∶1 mL/g的条件下马兰黄酮类化合物的得率为9.01%。与水和乙醇回流提取法（马兰黄酮类化合物得率分别为5.12%和7.13%）相比,亚临界水萃取在提取时间和得率方面均有明显的优势,所得马兰黄酮类化合物在一定浓度范围内具有较强的清除自由基和抗氧化能力。研究结果为马兰黄酮类化合物的开发提供参考。  相似文献