四种除草剂在水稻上的消解及残留规律研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙攀  陈非  刘丰茂  张宏军 《农药科学与管理》2019,(4):26-33

为研究四种水稻用除草剂(苄嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、丙草胺、丁草胺)的消解及残留规律,建立了四种除草剂在土壤、糙米、稻壳中的分析检测方法:四种除草剂在各基质中三个添加水平的回收率均在70%-110%范围内,变异系数在1.5%-14.9%之间;基质标准曲线在0.01~1mg/kg的线性范围内,可决系数均在0.98以上,线性相关性良好,可满足检测要求。土壤检测结果显示按照推荐剂量和二倍推荐剂量施药10d后,四种除草剂的残留量均小于本方法定量限;四种除草剂最终残留量均小于糙米中最低残留限量,表明在水稻上按照推荐剂量使用这四种除草剂是安全的。  相似文献   

立秆式搂膜机搂膜齿的设计与有限元分析     

鲁兵  王旭峰  胡灿  张攀峰 《农机化研究》2017,(10)

为了解决新疆棉花秋收作业后的残膜回收难题,设计了适用于新疆棉花种植模式的立秆式搂膜机。介绍了整机的基本结构和工作原理,运用相关理论对关键部件搂膜齿进行受力分析,并利用ANSYS对3种不同形式的搂膜齿在作业过程中的总变形和等效应力进行有限元分析。结果表明:单个搂膜齿在搂膜作业时承受水平方向的土壤阻力约为28.8~43.2N,竖直方向的土壤支持力约为47.4N;弯齿形式的搂膜齿作业过程中的最大总变形和等效应力最小,分别为34.61mm和340.29MPa;直齿与斜齿形式的搂膜齿作业过程中的最大总变形和等效应力值相接近,分别为65.67、68.28mm和462.06、472.28MPa。研究结果可为搂膜式残膜回收机的设计与改进提供参考。  相似文献   

链齿式残膜回收输送方式对比分析与试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐弘博  胡志超  吴峰  顾峰玮  于昭洋 《农机化研究》2017,(5):12-20

针对传统下输送链齿式残膜回收机存在的捡拾效果不佳与输膜不畅等现象,提出了上输送残膜回收方式,并对两种输送方式的残膜回收机在拾膜和脱膜阶段的机理进行了分析;从理论角度分析了两种输送方式的可行性,并对其特点进行了比较。分别设计了结构参数相同但输送方式不同的两台链齿式残膜回收机,一台采用下输送方式,而另一台采用上输送方式。在收获后的花生田进行收膜对比试验,对影响机具作业质量的输送方式、输送链转速和脱膜辊转速3个主要因素进行正交试验,结果表明:输送方式是影响机具捡拾率的主要因素,上输送方式的捡拾率达到91.9%,远高于下输送方式,综合作业质量上输送方式优于下输送方式。该对比试验可为链齿式残膜回收机输送方式的选择和未来的研发方向提供参考。  相似文献   

复合药剂对沃柑保鲜效果及残留的影响     

王淋靓 《中国果业信息》2024,53(3)

为了提高沃柑贮藏期的保鲜效果,同时确保安全用药。以沃柑果实为研究材料,用不同复合药剂处理,测定沃柑果实在不同贮藏期的失重率、可溶性固形物含量、好果率、药物残留的变化情况。实验结果表明,不同复合药剂处理对单果包装沃柑果实贮藏期保鲜效果及农药残留有不同程度的影响,其中经50%抑霉唑乳油250倍液+40%双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐可湿性粉剂3000倍液+20%烯肟·戊唑醇2000倍液+200mg·L-12,4-滴钠盐处理后的沃柑果实保鲜效果最好,贮藏60d时好果率可达到99.67%,且果皮和果肉中的双胍辛胺、2,4-D、抑霉唑的残留量在安全间隔期14d时均下降到安全食用范围内。。  相似文献   

基于激光诱导荧光高光谱技术无损检测脐橙表面敌敌畏残留     

薛龙  庄宏  黎静  刘木华  王晓  罗春生 《中国农机化》2012,(1):189-193

常规化学方法检测农药残留不仅对样品具有破坏性,而且费时费力。本文以激光诱导荧光结合高光谱图像技术为手段,对脐橙表面的敌敌畏农药残留进行光谱无损检测;实验方法是在脐橙表面,喷施用自来水配制的不同浓度的敌敌畏农药溶液,在实验室条件下风干后,采集激光诱导荧光高光谱图像,再用气相色谱法检测脐橙表面的农药残留量,应用偏最小二乘(Partial least squares,PLS)方法建立农药残留的预测模型,并找出最佳光谱区间,然后应用支持向量机(Support vectormachine,SVM)方法在最佳光谱区间的基础上建立农药残留的预测模型;所建模型结果其预测集样品的农药残留量实测值(0.4862~10.3791mg/kg)和预测值之间的相关系数为0.8101;实验结果说明,以激光诱导荧光结合高光谱技术为手段的无损检测技术,在检测脐橙农药残留方面是有可行性的。  相似文献   

同位素示踪法在磺酰脲类除草剂残留分析中的应用     

曲斌  叶非 《核农学报》2007,21(1):96-100

除草剂的同位素残留分析技术日益受到人们的重视,并取得了长足的发展。本文综述了利用同位素示踪技术对4种磺酰脲类除草剂的残留分析进展。  相似文献   

保水材料对河套灌区土壤硝态氮和铵态氮动态变化的影响     

赵春晓  郑海春  杨彦明  红梅  郜翻身 《灌溉排水学报》2017,36(2)

为了研究内蒙古河套灌区农业化肥面源污染检测和治理措施,采用大田土壤淋溶试验,分析了河套灌区农田在保水材料处理下,玉米生育期内土壤硝态氮、铵态氮累积量及动态变化特征。结果表明,与CK相比,保水材料处理玉米苗期土壤NO_3~--N累积量平均提高20.49%,收获期平均降低13.98%;苗期土壤NH_4~+-N累积量平均提高35.21%,收获期平均降低28.93%。保水材料有效地抑制了氮素的淋溶损失,提高了氮素利用率,同时保证了玉米生育后期有效氮的供应,避免短时间内氮素的大量累积,在一定程度上减少了化肥面源污染,为农业面源污染治理提供有力措施。  相似文献   

牧区奶干渣组合式发酵剂响应面法优化     

文鹏程  王军  任发政  韩玲  王琳琳  纪银莉 《农业机械学报》2014,45(8):241-247

以脱脂牦牛乳为试验材料,发酵3.5 h滴定酸度为试验指标,在不同菌种最佳组合方式筛选的研究基础上,利用响应面Box-Behnken中心组合试验研究了4株筛自牧区、发酵性能优良的菌种:保加利亚乳杆菌(MGD1-3)、嗜热链球菌(MGB39-5)、嗜热链球菌(G81-1)、植物乳杆菌(BM5152)不同接种比例对牧区奶干渣发酵效果的影响。结果表明,优化得到最优组合式发酵剂为:MGD1-3体积分数3.06%、MGB39-5体积分数0.64%、G81-1体积分数0.55%、BM5152体积分数2.04%,滴定酸度为75.87°T。为了便于实际操作,确定最终体积接种比为:MGD1-3∶MGB39-5∶G81-1∶BM5152=30∶6∶5∶20,接种量体积分数为6.0%,该条件下进行3次平行试验,得到滴定酸度平均值为74.21°T;将接种优化后组合式发酵剂制成的奶干渣(试验组)与牧区采集奶干渣(对照组)进行感官与理化指标比较,结果表明该组合式发酵剂发酵性能优良。  相似文献   

耕作管理措施对残茬覆盖及其分解的影响     

ZHANG Zhi-Guo  XU Qi  R. L. BLEVINS 《土壤圈》1998,8(3):193-200

The effects of tillage methods on percent surface residue cover remaining and decomposition rates of crop residues were evaluated in this study. The line transect method was used to measure residue cover percentage on continuous corn (Zea mays L.) plots under no tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT), chisel plow (CH), and disk tillage (DT). Samples of rye (Secale cereale L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) were used for residue decomposition study. Results showed that the percentage of residue cover remaining was significantly higher for NT than for CH and DT and that for CT was the lowest (< 10%). For the same tillage system, the percent residue cover remaining was significantly higher in the higher fertilizer N rate treatments relative to the lower fertilizer N treatments. Weight losses of rye and vetch residues followed a similar pattern under CT and DT, and they were significantly faster in CT and DT than in NT system. Also, the amounts of residue N remaining during the first 16 weeks were always higher under NT than under CT and DT.  相似文献   

Growth and phosphorus uptake of maize cultivated alone,in mixed culture with other crops or after incorporation of their residues     

Hanadi El Dessougi  Alexander zu Dreele  Norbert Claassen 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(2):254-261

Intercropping or rotating of P‐efficient crop species which mobilize sparingly soluble P by their root exudates can have beneficial effects on growth and P uptake of P‐inefficient species. We aimed at studying the effect of intercropping or incorporating of crop residues of P‐efficient crops on the components of maize P‐uptake, i.e. the root‐system size and P influx (P‐uptake rate per unit root length). This was studied in 3 pot experiments in a low‐P sandy soil. In the first experiment, maize was intercropped with white lupine, sugar beet or oilseed rape, and with groundnut in the second experiment. In the third experiment, maize was grown after incorporating the crop residues of white lupine, sugar beet or oilseed rape. Maize growth and yield was strongly inhibited when intercropped with white lupine, sugar beet or oilseed rape, probably because of competition for nutrients. But with groundnut as the accompanying species, maize yield was increased by a factor of 3, mainly because of an enhanced P influx. Crop residues of oilseed rape and sugar beet increased the yield of maize by factors 2 and 1.6, respectively, because of a 3 and 2 times higher P uptake as compared to maize grown after maize without incorporation of crop residue. The reason for the higher maize P‐uptake after oilseed rape was an 11 times higher P influx as compared to maize without crop residues, and after sugar beet residues because of an enhanced root growth and a 4 times higher P influx. Lupine residues did not improve maize growth, mainly because of a low P influx, which was even less than that of maize grown without crop residues. The soil solution P concentration and calcium acetate lactate‐extractable P (CAL P) measured in this study did not reflect the P availability as indicated by the plants (P uptake, P influx). This indicates that other mechanisms such as P mobilization in the rhizosphere by root exudates or cell‐wall components were responsible for the increased P availability. These mechanisms need further investigation.  相似文献