双峰驼初乳IgG的分离纯化及其向幼驼的转移     

范洪波  哈斯苏荣  吉日木图 《中国兽医科技》2006,36(3):220-224

通过跟踪检测内蒙古阿拉善双峰母驼初乳IgG和幼驼血清IgG的动态含量，探讨了影响幼驼由母体获得被动免疫的因素。采用硫酸铵沉淀法2次沉淀乳清蛋白，再结合离子交换层析方法，从双峰驼初乳中分离纯化驼IgG；再用SDS—PAGE鉴定其纯度，测定其分子质量；用分离纯化的驼IgG免疫家兔，制备效价至少为1：32的兔抗驼IgG抗血清，采用单向免疫扩散法测定双峰驼初乳和幼驼血清IgG含量。揭示了初乳IgG向幼驼血液的转移模式，为生产中更好地饲养幼驼提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Studies on rickets and osteomalacia in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus)     

Zongping L 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2005,169(3):1000-453

Epidemiological studies have indicated incidences of 32.9% and 27.8% for rickets and osteomalacia, respectively, in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus), but there is an increased incidence under drought conditions, sometimes reaching 75%. We have found that concentrations of phosphorus and copper in forage and soil samples in a drought affected area were significantly lower than in a control area or normal reference values (P < 0.01) ; the mean Ca:P ratio in the forages was 50:1. The phosphorus content of blood and hair from affected camels was significantly less than that in controls (P < 0.01) and concentrations of copper in the liver and kidney were significantly lower in affected camels than control animals (P < 0.01); the concentrations of triiodothyronine (T(3)), thyroxine (T(4)) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the serum from affected animals were significantly higher than those from healthy controls (P < 0.01); serum inorganic phosphorus and ceruloplasmin levels were lower than those in the controls (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); the concentrations of serum alpha-globulin and beta-globulin were significantly higher in the affected camels than in the healthy controls (P < 0.01). The pathological changes seen in camels affected with rickets included porous, brittle, light, osteoporotic bones that were susceptible to fractures and had less resistance to cutting and sawing. Wrist joints were enlarged with an apparent bowing of the long bones in forelimb and with typical broadening of the epiphyses. In adult female camels, many enlarged scars were often seen in ribs indicating earlier fractures. The disease could be cured with supplementary bone meal, phosphate or mineral mixtures and in field investigations clinical signs disappeared within 15 days. Over the same period, the concentrations of phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in blood returned to normal. The disease may be effectively prevented by use of mineral blocks (block salt licks) or dosing orally with copper, selenium and cobalt soluble glass boluses. We conclude that rickets and osteomalacia are mainly caused by phosphorus and copper deficiencies in the pasture.  相似文献   

A Study on the Productivity and Diseases of Camels in Eastern Ethiopia     

Tefera M  Gebreah F 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(4):265-274

A study concerning performance traits of the Ethiopian camel indicated that, in the camel herds examined, there was one active bull camel for 25 females. The bull camel was 5 years old at puberty; it reached rutting vigour at the age of 9 years, the number of mountings per day was 8 during the breeding season, and the reproduction span was 10 years. The female camel reached puberty at 4 years of age; the age at first calving was 5 years, and the lactation period was one year; the calving interval was 2 years, the calving rate was 50%, and the reproduction span was 10–15 years. The survival rate of the newborn calves was 50%. The average milk yield was 2.5 L per day; the price of camel's milk was higher than that of cow's milk at US$0.5. Adult camels weighed around 500 kg; the dressing-out percentage was 52%. Mutton was preferred to camel meat, which came second in popularity, costing US$2/kg. Owing to their poor reproductive performance, camels are not efficient for producing meat. The camels worked for 16 h per day, covering 60 km. Animal health problems encountered were trypanosomosis, camel pox, camel pustular dermatitis, camel cephalopsis, dermatomycosis, mange mite, tick infestation and balantidiosis, most of which mainly affected the young animals.  相似文献   

An Assessment of the Productivity for Meat and the Carcase Yield of Camels (Camelus dromedarius) and of the Consumption of Camel Meat in the Eastern Region of Ethiopia     

Kurtu MY 《Tropical animal health and production》2004,36(1):65-76

A survey on camel meat productivity and consumption was conducted in Jijiga and Harar towns in 1999. Almost all the camels slaughtered were adults, predominantly males. Measurements of height, hump girth and thoracic girth were used to estimate the live weight. All the measurements were significantly greater in the male than in the female camels. Average live and carcass weights were 400 and 211 kg, respectively. Males were significantly heavier (p < 0.05) and had better dressing percentages than females. The carcasses contained averages of 76% meat, 12% fat and 20% bone for both males and females. The difference between the males and females was not significant for the ratio of meat and bones, except for fat, which was higher in the males. Camel meat is regarded as a high-quality food with medicinal value and as a least-cost source of meat. Camel meat is preferred to that of any other livestock by some people, particularly by the Somalis in Jijiga town. It is also more available, especially during the dry season when beef is in short supply. Hence, camel meat is a socially acceptable, economically viable and environmentally adaptable alternative source of meat, consumption of which should be encouraged.  相似文献   

Vegetative Endocarditis Associated with Escherichia coli in a Dromedary Camel     

Gutierrez C  Schulz U  Corbera JA  Morales I  Tejedor MT 《Veterinary research communications》2004,28(6):455-459

Veterinary Research Communications -  相似文献   

A Survey of the Literature (1995–1999) on the Kinetics of Drugs in Camels (Camelus dromedarius)     

Alquarawi AA  Ali BH 《Veterinary research communications》2000,24(4):245-260

Recent publications dealing mainly with the kinetics of antiparasitic and antibacterial agents, NSAIDs, and other drugs in camels are briefly reviewed. The kinetic data for most of these drugs indicated that they have longer absorption and elimination half-lives and slower systemic clearance in the camel compared to other animals. This corroborates earlier reports that suggested that the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes and the capacity to biotransform and eliminate xenobiotics is lower in camels than in other ruminants. There is a clear need to establish basic kinetic data for the camel in order to avoid extrapolation of drug dosage regimens and withdrawal times from data for other animals, as this may result in irrational use of drugs in camels.  相似文献   

Camel Kidney Ferritin: Isolation and Partial Characterization     

Sobha G  Suryakala S  Geetha C  Deshpande V 《Veterinary research communications》2000,24(5):287-297

Camel kidney ferritin was isolated from a tissue homogenate by thermal denaturation, ammonium sulphate fractionation, Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration and DEAE-blue gel affinity chromatography. The yield and the iron and neutral carbohydrate contents were 0.012 mg/g wet tissue, 4.0% and 2.7%, respectively. The phosphate:iron ratio was 0.13, twofold lower than that reported for camel liver ferritin. Native gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a monomeric ferritin. SDS gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting showed two types of subunits, heavy and light, contrary to the extensive heterogeneity observed in camel liver ferritin. In general, the tissue ferritins shared a similar amino acid composition. However, a twofold lower glycine and an eightfold higher arginine content were recorded for camel kidney ferritin. In addition, kidney ferritin had a relatively high content of glutamic acid. Cross-reactivity studies by Ouchterlony double diffusion and noncompetitive indirect ELISA revealed a distinct cross-reactivity between buffalo ferritin antiserum and camel liver ferritin, but camel liver ferritin showed only weak cross-reactivity.  相似文献   

双峰驼肝脏CYP3A亚酶活性的初步研究     

王学恩  ;裴乐  ;格日勒图亚  ;哈斯苏荣 《畜牧与饲料科学》2014,(6):22-24

CYP3A亚酶参与45%~60%常用药物的生物转化,在机体处置外源性物质的过程中发挥着重要作用。为了探讨双峰驼肝脏CYP3A亚酶活性,采用改进的钙离子沉淀法制备肝微粒悬液,并借助生物化学方法对双峰驼CYP3A亚酶活性进行了初步研究。结果表明,钙离子沉淀法制备的双峰驼肝微粒体蛋白含量为(1.541±0.264)mg/mL,CYP总酶含量为(0.412±0.063)nmol/mg,红霉素-N-脱甲基酶的活性为(1.159±0.001)nmol/(mg·min)。以上研究结果为今后借助探针药物检测双峰驼CYP3A亚酶的体外代谢活性的深入研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

双峰驼的人工授精及精液冷冻技术     

苏学轼  薛忠义 《中国农业科学》1990,23(4):63-69

 骆驼配种采用人工授精。其操作技术基本同于马、牛，采输精借用牛的假阴道和输精器。原精用12%蔗糖溶液或7%葡萄糖溶液稀释，实行阴道输精，每次输0.5毫升以上，有效精子数不低于0.8-1.0亿，受胎率达80%（42/52），产羔率75%（39/52）。驼精以蔗甘液稀释和铜纱网漂浮液氮熏蒸慢速降温法。制安瓿冻精65批665支，平均活力0.4，高者达0.5；制颗粒冻精1200余粒，活力0.3-0.5。解冻后室温（14—16℃）保存，平均存活86小时，长者达190小时。1983-1986年共输精92峰，受胎率为76.1%（70/92），产羔率为61.96%（57/92）。在第一次输精的同时，给发情母驼肌注LRH-A诱导排卵，排卵率可达94.4%。  相似文献   

双峰驼跗关节解剖     

孟昭权  谢铮铭 《甘肃农业大学学报》1997,32(3):197-202

解剖成年双峰驼跗关节８个，结果发现双峰驼跗关节在形态结构方面有以下显著特征：１．中央跗骨不与第四跗骨融合；２．距骨近端具嵴状滑车，远端具髁状滑车，近端滑车的嵴和沟向前内侧倾斜，与矢状面间的夹角为１０°，远端滑车的髁和沟朝向正前方，双重滑车结构使跗关节伸屈运动范围加大，并能进行一定程度的侧向运动，这是骆驼驮载重物时能够自由起卧的重要原因之一；３．具有跟踱外侧韧带，而牛马均缺如；４．跗关节外侧短韧带从外侧踝达于跟骨，牛的从外侧踝至距骨，马的则从外侧踝达跟骨和距骨；５．跗背侧韧带位于内侧面，形成内侧侧副韧带之一部分。  相似文献