不同品系西方蜜蜂基因组DNA多态性图谱构建及杂交分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

黄超群  蒋滢  沈伟华  蓝明扬  葛凤晨 《中国蜂业》2002,53(2):6-8

本研究应用随机引物K（5'-CGGCCCCTGT-3'）对不同品系西蜂的基因组DNA扩增，获得了能区分不同品系西蜂的多态性DNA图谱，从多态性图谱中选取一个共同片段K1680bp，标记成探针，探针K1680bp与不同品系西蜂的基因组DNA匀有杂交，从而证明片段K1680bp是西蜂蜂种的共性，为西蜂的鉴定提供了直接依据。  相似文献   

RAPD分子标记在蜜蜂遗传育种中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏松坤  陈盛禄 《养蜂科技》2002,(3):17-20

利用RAPD分子遗传标记，估测蜜蜂性别决定位点（x)与低幼虫存活率位点的标记序列位置（STS）之间的遗传距离为1．6c.M；构建蜜蜂的遗传连锁图，确定蜜蜂的性基因位点（x)，黑色体色基因位点（blk)，苹果酸脱氢酶I(Mdh-l)位点分别位于第三，六，十八个连锁群，确定了影响蜜蜂采粉，报警信息素水平，螯刺行为和体长等数量性状的基因座位，筛选出5种引的，这些引物所扩增的RAPD标记可作为鉴别欧洲蜜蜂和非洲蜜蜂的分子标记；蜜蜂高产性状RAPD标记的研究取得一定进展。  相似文献   

Risk assessment of outcrossing of transgenic rapessed to related species:     

M. C. Kerlan  A. M. Chèvre  F. Eber  A. Baranger  M. Renard 《Euphytica》1992,62(2):145-153

Summary The risk for a gene dispersal is reported for reciprocal crosses between a transgenic rapeseed variety resistant to the herbicide phosphinotricin and five related species. The first stages after pollination were cytologically observed and fertilized ovaries were established in in vitro culture for the production of interspecific hybrids. A similar classification was observed for the index of pollination compatibility and embryo yield. From the 243 embryos produced, 109 plantlets were obtained in a greenhouse. All the interspecific combinations tested were able to produce hybrid plants. A higher number of hybrids was obtained when rapeseed was used as the female parent. The hybrids had the expected triploid structure except for two amphidiploid, B. napus × B. oleracea, and one amphidiploid, B. napus × S. arvensis, plants with 56 chromosomes. The triploid hybrids were sterile or partially fertile but two of the amphidiploid plants, B. napus × B. oleracea, were fully fertile. The cytoplasm source did not seem to affect the fertility of the hybrids.  相似文献   

Procedure for artificial cross pollination in clove (Syzygium aromaticum)     

P. A. Pool  N. Bermawie 《Euphytica》1987,36(2):479-482

Summary A technique for artificial cross pollination in clove is described. This involves emasculating flowers two days before anthesis, and pollinating four days later. Following this procedure a seed set of approximately 25% can be expected.  相似文献   

长白山蜂产品及其综合开发途径     

刘黎红  张锦玉  刘越强  李淑梅 《农产品加工．学刊》2007,(8):58-59,87

在全球范围内大力倡导生态环保和绿色消费的今天,我国政府也采取了一系列提高生态环保效益经济、建设生态经济的战略措施。蜂产品是蜜蜂为了其种族的生存与繁衍向自然界索取精华并进行加工的产品,包括蜂蜜、蜂王浆、蜂花粉、蜂蜡和蜂胶等。蜂产品化学组成复杂,且含有多种生理活性极强的生物活性物质,具有提高人体免疫能力、增强记忆力、消除疲劳以及抗衰老和美容的功效,是大自然赋人类最珍贵的礼品。大力推动长白山生态蜂产品的综合开发,有助于发挥长白山动植物资源优势,打造长白山天然食品的品牌,对地方经济的发展具有重大意义。  相似文献   

Results of multiple pollination in blueberry (Vaccinium elliottii Chapm.)     

Timothy F. Wenslaff  Paul M. Lyrene 《Euphytica》2001,117(3):233-240

Blueberry (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus, family Ericaceae) is a shrub that produces multiple-seeded berries in which only a fraction of the ovules develop into viable seeds. A recessive yellowleaf marker gene was used to evaluate the efectiveness of a single pollination versus multiple pollinations in producing seeds in Vaccinium elliottii Chapm. A multiple-pollination experiment was conducted to see if the first pollen applied or the second produced more progeny, and to see if multiple pollinations increased the number of seedlings produced. Flowers of diploid yellowleaf Vaccinium elliottii were pollinated from one to four times at daily intervals. Pollen from redleaf and yellowleaf plants was used to produce two types of seedlings that could be distinguished visually. Generally, percent berry set, seeds per berry, and seed germination were not increased by multiple pollination. After multiple pollination, the pollen applied first always produced the most seedlings. Prior pollination greatly reduced seed set from subsequent pollination, but subsequent pollination caused little or no decrease in the number of seeds set by the first pollination. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The reproductive biology of three perennial Sesbania species (Leguminosae)     

J. H. Heering 《Euphytica》1993,74(1-2):143-148

Summary The reproductive biology of Sesbania sesban, S. goetzei and S. keniensis (Leguminosae; Papilionoideae) was studied. Fifty percent flowering was observed at 102 to 153 days after germination for S. sesban accessions; 96 to 146 days for S. goetzei and 131 to 176 days for S. keniensis accessions. Flowers opened in the afternoon and remained fresh for 2–3 days. Bee species including Xylocopa sp., Apis mellifera, Megachile bituberculata and Chalicodoma sp. visited the flowers. Hand pollination experiments showed that all three species were self and cross compatible. The percentage of fully developed seeds was greater in pods formed after cross pollination compared to self pollination. No evidence was found for stigmatic or stylar self incompatibility. Outcrossing is probably the common method of reproduction under natural conditions, although in isolated trees substantial seed set by selfing might occur. Pod production under natural conditions was 34% for S. sesban; 49% for S. goetzei and 39% for S. keniensis. Considerable variation was found in pod production under open pollination between accessions of the same species. Selective abortion was observed within pods, with more mature seeds formed at the distal end of the pod.  相似文献   

Breaking the crossability barriers between disomic tetraploid Solanum acaule and tetrasomic tetraploid S. tuberosum     

Masaru Iwanaga  Rosanna Freyre  Kazuo Watanabe 《Euphytica》1991,53(3):183-191

Summary A combination of compatible second pollinations and embryo rescue was applied for systematic production of true tetraploid hybrids from crosses between disomic tetraploid Solanum acaule and tetrasomic tetraploid potato, S. tuberosum. Several genotypes of tetraploid potatoes were pollinated with S. acaule, and the compatible second pollinations were made on the following day, with a genotype of S. phureja, IvP 35 to promote fruit development. Embryo rescue was carried out in 21 families, 14 to 27 days after the first pollination. A total of eight plants were obtained from the embryo rescue and their chromosome numbers were counted in the root tips. Three of the eight plants were identified as tetraploid, and five others as diploid. Morphology, isozyme banding patterns, and pollen stainability, as well as potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) resistance, indicated the hybrid nature of the three plants. This is the first report of successful tetraploid hybrid production between disomic tetraploid S. acaule (4x) and tetrasomic tetraploid potatoes. Seed set from the crosses between one of hybrids and diploid potatoes indicated workable levels of both male and female fertility for introgression of valuable genes from S. acaule into the cultivated potato gene pool. The methodology used may be applied to other disomic tetraploid tuber-bearing Solanum species and with some modifications also to distantly related solanaceous species and genera.  相似文献   

Selection of vigorous and fertile S-homo- and heterozygous tester clones from self-incompatible diploid potato, Solanum tuberosum L.     

R. Eijlander  M.S. Ramanna  E. Jacobsen 《Euphytica》1997,97(1):97-111

For the selection of diploid (2n = 2x = 24) potato (Solanum tuberosum) genotypes that are useful for the molecular and genetic analysis of the phenomenon of gametophytic self-incompatibility, three different types of basic populations were investigated. These populations were derived from three primary dihaploid clones, G609, G254 and B16, which possessed the S-allele combinations S1S2, S1S3 and S3S4 respectively. In order to select highly vigorous, profusely flowering, fertile and tuberising progenies, three types of populations, derived from the above mentioned diploid genotypes, were screened for performance and classified for the expression of self-incompatibility. Although the selection for well defined S-genotypes was sometimes complicated due to the occurrence of pseudo-compatibility and of a self-compatibilising factor, the use of a combination of criteria, viz., Iso Electric Focusing (IEF), pollen tube growth in the styles and the extent of berry and seed set made the selection of sufficient representatives of all six types of S-heterozygotes (S1S2, S1S3, S1S4, S2S3, S2S4 and S3S4) possible. After evaluating the strength of the self-incompatibility reaction in these heterozygotes, those with high expression were selfed, and intercrossed within their S-allele incompatibility group through the method of counterfeit pollination. In these progenies, well-performing S-homozygotes (S1S1; S2S2; S3S3; S4S4) for all four S-alleles with high expression of self-incompatibility were selected. As a result, all possible S-homo- and heterozygous genotypes with a predictable type of self-incompatibility are available and maintained both vegetatively and as botanical seed. The development of this material has paved the way for more critical analysis of molecular factors involved in self-incompatibility in diploid potato. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Pollination, Fertilization and Seed Development in Inbred Lines and F₁ Hybrids of Spring Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.)     

F. L. Stoddard 《Plant Breeding》1986,97(3):210-221

When the flowers are not disturbed, the yield of F₁ hybrids of faba beans normally exceeds that in their inbred parents. The basis of this “heterotic autofertility” was investigated by examining flowers for pollination and fertilization throughout the flowering season and assessing the distribution of seeds and pods on mature plants. Six inbred lines and seven of their F₁ hybrids were grown without protection from bee visitation, and their autofertility was estimated’ by comparing their fertilization with that of cytoplasmic male-sterile line. The first direct evidence was obtained that heterotic autofertility acts by increasing; the proportion of flowers which were pollinated and fertilized. The autofertility was not perfect, especially in a closed-flower hybrid, as many ovules remained unfertilized. Several factors contributed to the number of seeds per pod in F₁ hybrids, being superior to parental means: (1) more ovules per flower, (2) greater fertilization of the basal ovules, (3) reduced abortion of the apical ovules and (4) greater overall maturation ovules.  相似文献