籼稻谷带菌量与储藏温度和时间回归方程的研究     

周建新  姚明兰  张瑞  林娇  张杜娟  杨国峰 《粮食储藏》2012,41(2):26-29

通过模拟储藏,研究了温度和时间对储藏籼稻谷水分、细菌量和霉菌量的影响.结果表明:随着温度的升高和时间的延长,符合安全水分的稻谷含水量下降,在15℃、20℃时,细菌量和霉菌量基本维持原来水平,储藏200 d后,稻谷的色泽、气味正常,无霉变、生虫现象,而当储藏温度超过25℃时,细菌量和霉菌量下降,但储藏200 d后,稻谷的色泽、气味不正常,并出现生虫现象,因此低温储藏有利于稻谷水分的保持和延缓细菌和霉菌的生长,减少数量和霉变损失.方差分析和回归方程的拟合表明温度和时间是储藏稻谷细菌量或霉菌量变化的极显著影响因素,并且细菌量或霉菌量与储藏温度和时间呈显著的二元线性关系.  相似文献   

地面倾斜条件下考虑蒸发影响的农     

马英杰  王立成  邵新  刘岚凤 《中国农村水利水电》2008,(1):60-62

为方便灌水,一般要求农田具有一定的坡度。在倾斜的地面上进行农田排水计算时,会与水平地面有所差异。本文应用数学方法得到了地面倾斜条件下,考虑蒸发影响时求解Boussinesq方程的精确解析解。计算表明：地面坡度对地下水位变化影响较小,如在坡度分别为1/75-1/200时,排水第四天后,相同点的地下水位与水平地面相比,仅有0.04-0.07m的变化;但由于地面坡度而产生的两侧排水沟水位不同对地下水位有较大的影响,地下水位变化在0.08-1.0m,且越靠近上游,变化越大。因此,在有坡度地面上,应考虑倾斜地面对排水计算的影响。  相似文献   

展青霉孢子数与棒曲霉毒素含量关系的研究     

王丽  岳田利  袁亚宏  刘明 《农产品加工．学刊》2007,(3):25-27

重点研究展青霉在苹果汁培养基中、在静置培养和振荡培养2种培养方式下,生成的孢子数目与其棒曲霉素含量之间的关系。根据实验数据绘制出了二者之间的关系曲线,利用回归方法建立了二者的关系曲线方程。研究结果证实,展青霉在培养过程中产生的孢子数目与其棒曲霉素含量之间存在着一定的数量关系。  相似文献   

水肥气一体化灌溉对温室辣椒地土壤N2O排放的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

雷宏军  刘欢  刘鑫  潘红卫  陈德立 《农业机械学报》2019,50(3):262-270

采用水肥气一体化灌溉可改善土壤的通气状况,影响土壤碳氮循环过程,进而影响土壤N_2O的排放。为明确施氮、增氧和灌水对温室辣椒地土壤N_2O排放的影响,设置了施氮量(300、225 kg/hm~2)、溶氧量(40、5 mg/L)和灌水量(1. 0W、0. 6W,W为充分灌溉时的灌水量) 3因素2水平试验,采用静态箱-气相色谱法监测N_2O排放通量,系统研究了水肥气一体化灌溉对温室辣椒地土壤N_2O排放的影响,并通过结构方程模型分析各影响因子对N_2O排放的定量贡献。结果表明,增氧处理、施氮量和灌水量的增加可增加温室辣椒地土壤N_2O的排放通量峰值、排放总量和单产排放量。试验中增氧条件下N_2O排放总量较对照增加了31. 90%;充分灌溉较非充分灌溉增加了43. 22%;常量施氮较减量施氮增加了33. 01%。增氧处理和灌水量的增加可提高温室辣椒的氮素利用效率,而施氮量的增加降低了温室辣椒的氮素利用效率。综合考虑作物产量、氮素利用效率和单产N_2O排放量,减量施氮非充分灌溉增氧处理是推荐的水肥气管理方案。通过结构方程模型的路径分析,土壤温度、充水孔隙度和NO3--N含量可分别解释N_2O排放的42%、60%和58%,是影响水肥气一体化灌溉的主要影响因子。  相似文献   

金光杏梅叶面积回归测算研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张传来  郝峰鸽  宋荷英  李娟 《北方园艺》2009,(9)

以金光杏梅成熟叶片为试材,研究了叶长、叶宽与叶面积的关系.结果表明:叶长、叶宽与叶面积均呈正相关关系.叶长、叶宽与叶面积之间的相关系数分别为0.7084、0.8546,叶长和叶宽与叶面积的复相关系数为0.9868,在0.01水平下均达到了极显著水平.在此基础上建立了叶长(x1)、叶宽(x2)、叶长和叶宽与叶面积(y)之间的回归方程y=61.4140x1-2 480.6、y=28.7600x2-0.8546、y=17.6276x1+41.2594x2-1 078.4906,3个回归方程均可用于测算金光杏梅的叶面积,其中以叶长和叶宽与叶面积的二元回归方程测算结果更为精确.在具体应用中,可根据所要求的精确度进行选择.  相似文献   

Estimating reference evapotranspiration with atmometers in a semiarid environment     

P. Gavilán  F. Castillo-Llanque 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(3):465-472

Reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) estimations require accurate measurements of meteorological variables (solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) which are not available in many countries of the world. Alternative approaches are the use of Class A pan evaporimeters and atmometers, which have several advantages compared to meteorological stations: they are simple, inexpensive and provide a visual interpretation of ET₀. The objectives of the study were to compare the evaporation from atmometers (ET_gage) with the evapotranspiration estimated by the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation (ET_0PM) and to evaluate the variability between three modified atmometers of a commercial model. Comparison between daily ET_gage measured by the atmometer and ET_0PM showed a good correlation. However, ET_gage underestimated ET_0PM by approximately 9%. Differences between ET_gage and ET_0PM ranged from −2.4 to 2.2 mm d⁻¹ while the mean bias error was −0.41 mm d⁻¹. Underestimations occurred more frequently on days with low maximum temperatures and high wind speeds. On the contrary, atmometer overestimations occurred on days with high maximum temperatures and low wind speeds. Estimates of ET₀ using the atmometer appeared to be more accurate under non-windy conditions and moderate temperatures as well as under windy conditions and high temperatures. Atmometers 2 and 3 overestimated the evaporated water by atmometer 1 with a maximum variability of cumulative water losses of 4.5%. A temperature-based calibration was performed to improve the atmometer accuracy, using maximum temperature as an independent variable, with good results.  相似文献   

Determination of growth-stage-specific crop coefficients (Kc) of cotton and wheat     

Jonghan Ko  Giovanni Piccinni  Thomas Marek 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(12):1691-1697

Development of crop coefficient (Kc), the ratio of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) to reference evapotranspiration (ETo), can enhance ETc estimates in relation to specific crop phenological development. This research was conducted to determine growth-stage-specific Kc and crop water use for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) at the Texas AgriLife Research field at Uvalde, TX, USA from 2005 to 2008. Weighing lysimeters were used to measure crop water use and local weather data were used to determine the reference evapotranspiration (ETo). Seven lysimeters, weighing about 14 Mg, consisted of undisturbed 1.5 m × 2.0 m × 2.2 m deep soil monoliths. Six lysimeters were located in the center of a 1-ha field beneath a linear-move sprinkler system equipped with low energy precision application (LEPA) and a seventh lysimeter was established to measure reference grass ETo. Crop water requirements, Kc determination, and comparison to existing FAO Kc values were determined over a 2-year period on cotton and a 3-year period on wheat. Seasonal total amounts of crop water use ranged from 689 to 830 mm for cotton and from 483 to 505 mm for wheat. The Kc values determined over the growing seasons varied from 0.2 to 1.5 for cotton and 0.1 to 1.7 for wheat. Some of the values corresponded and some did not correspond to those from FAO-56 and from the Texas High Plains and elsewhere in other states. We assume that the development of regionally based and growth-stage-specific Kc helps in irrigation management and provides precise water applications for this region.  相似文献   

A discussion on and alternative to the Penman-Monteith equation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter Widmoser 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(4):711-721

The Penman-Monteith (PMe) equation that estimates evaporation from leaf/canopy surfaces is based on a few approximations. Several authors discussed ensuing errors and suggested improvements. This paper reminds those discussions which ended in the early nineties. It compares linearized PMe− with non-linear iterative solutions and illustrates resulting deviations. It differentiates between deviations for daily and hourly evaporation rate estimates. The latter are found to be higher. It also demonstrates deviations obtained at two different altitudes above sea level. Considering present tendencies to refine evaporation estimates for practical purposes and making use of easily available methods for solving non-linear equations this paper offers a new method to estimate evaporation.In a first step, a simple algebraic term, the surface temperature control sum, is introduced to find approximate differences between air and evaporating surface (leaf, canopy) temperatures. It suggests to concentrate research on the r_s/r_a ratio. A new formula is derived for estimating leaf/canopy surface temperatures for non-water stressed plants.In a second step, the estimates of temperature differences are used to calculate evaporation estimates. This two-step approximation leads to appreciably smaller errors as compared to the PMe-solution over the full range of input parameters of agro-meteorological relevance. It is, however, less accurate than some of methods proposed in literature. The method is meant for practical application in agricultural water management.  相似文献   

针板电极荷电液体射流不稳定性分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

汪朝晖  廖振方 《农业机械学报》2009,40(8)

基于荷电液体射流的模型和广义坐标下的Lagrange方程,建立了静电场作用下无粘性液体射流的色散方程,并对该方程进行了数值求解,分析了若干因素对荷电液体射流的轴对称模型和非轴对称模型的影响.研究结果表明:随着电场强度的增大,荷电液体射流的最大扰动增长率增大.低电压时静电场对轴对称射流的不稳定性有显著作用,电压逐渐升高时非轴对称模型逐渐占据主导地位,最终导致液滴的破碎;随着射流半径的减小,荷电液体射流的不稳定性增加,轴对称模型下射流半径的改变对射流不稳定性的影响比非轴对称模型小;不同的液体介质对荷电液体射流不稳定性的影响在非轴对称模型下表现得更为显著.  相似文献   

基于特征线方程N—S方程非增量型分离算法     

陈炎  曹树良  梁开洪  祝宝山 《排灌机械》2009,27(5):327-331

为克服传统有限元方法求解流场时由于对流项占优而引起的求解振荡和基函数选择困难的问题,推导了基于特征线方程的粘性不可压N-S方程的增量型和非增量型分离算法的公式及求解步骤,并讨论了两者的Babuska-Brezzi条件.沿着特征线方向,N-S方程的对流项消失,方程矩阵是自伴随矩阵,可以自动满足有限单元法中能量泛函最小的要求,并可以给出合理的粘性耗散项.动量方程的求解采用非增量型分离算法,压力和速度可以采用任意阶次的插值函数,离散后的方程自动满足Babuska-Brezzi条件.为验证算法的可靠性,采用T3P3空间等阶次U-p单元计算了方柱绕流.结果表明：基于特征线方程的非增量型分离算法可以很好地应用于粘性不可压流场的计算,与目前流行的其它方法相比,该算法有明显的优势.  相似文献