棉花根际解钾细菌的生理活性和促生效果   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

史静静  刘静洋  韩国民  杨恩东  孙乐妮  唐欣昀 《中国土壤与肥料》2012,(4):87-90

考察优良棉花根际解钾菌株K1111、K1114、K2115、K3105和K3205的溶磷、解钾、产铁载体和产吲哚乙酸等生理活性。将其接种到棉花根际,通过盆栽试验,研究5株菌株对棉花根系发育与生长的影响。结果表明,这5株菌的产铁载体能力均达到5+(极高量)水平;分泌吲哚乙酸的浓度在6.6～12.4μg/mL之间;同时具有很高的溶磷能力。接种5株菌株的棉花根系活力、株高和干重均显著高于不施钾肥的对照组,高于或相当于施钾对照组。  相似文献   

Microbially Enhanced Phytoextraction of Heavy-Metal Fly-Ash Amended Soil     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(21):3161-3176

A study was carried out for the phytoextraction of metals by S. munja with the interventions of growth-promoting bacteria isolated from fly ash (FA). It was observed that when a consortium of Bacillus endophyticus NBRFT4, Paenibacillus macerans NBRFT5, and Bacillus pumilus NBRFT9 was inoculated in the rhizospheric zone of S. munja, it not only enhanced metal uptake through mobilization but also promoted the plant growth. A combined effect of both factors accelerated the phytoextraction of nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) by two- or three-fold. Plant growth and metal bioavailability both were promoted by the synthesis of siderophore (ACC), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid, and cytokinins by bacteria. In addition, bacteria might also change the speciation of metals to make it more water soluble for plant uptake. Hence, a microbe-based phytoextraction of metals from contaminated sites may be recommended for use as an environmentally sound technology in place of conventional methods.  相似文献   

Evaluation of cultivation methods and sustainable agricultural practices for improving shallot bulb production – a review     

《Journal of plant nutrition》2012,35(1):148-163

Abstract

Shallot is an economically important nutritive bulb vegetable and medicinal plant from Alliaceae family. Distributed in limited regions worldwide, in most cases, shallots widely grow in very cold to moderate cold temperate climates at high elevations required to induce bolting and overcome their bulbs and true seeds dormant period. Shallot responses to agricultural management and environmental conditions vary among different species and genotypes and, thus, selection of the elite genotypes is a prerequisite for obtaining desired yield and quality of bulbs and true seeds. Plant material (seed or bulb), plant selection, as well as cultivation and agricultural practices (importantly fertilization, spacing, planting date, and irrigation in greenhouse or farmland) critically affect productivity, phytonutrient value, and economic profit of the shallot produces. The knowledge of using biofertilizers and mulching techniques on shallots are currently evolving, but the information on the efficiency of nanobiofertilizers and eco-friendly and biodegradable mulching materials on shallots farming are still lacking. With the emphasis on sustainable agricultural systems, the efficiency of combined organic and inorganic fertilization is discussed and the potential biofertilizer agents are recommended. This review highlights the importance of using the integrated fertilization (organic and inorganic methods combined with biofertilizers) and irrigation methods (such as two-line spray hose irrigation combined with mulching), and the practices with the highest potential to further improve shallot farming are suggested. The information on shallots breeding is still lacking and requires extensive researches in the future.  相似文献   

联苯菊酯降解菌的筛选、鉴定及降解特性研究     

刘婷婷  董昆明  缪莉  周晓见  靳翠丽  姜薇  封克 《农业环境保护》2012,(6):1147-1152

联苯菊酯是一种广谱高效杀虫剂,大规模的应用使其广泛残留在环境中,因此筛选联苯菊酯的高效降解菌具有重要意义。从扬州农药厂附近的地表土壤取样,利用富集驯化培养分离得到一株编号为S8的降解细菌,经表形特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析其为醋酸钙不动杆菌（Acinetobacter calcoaceticus）,该菌株在pH7.0和30 ℃的条件下,对100 mg·L-1联苯菊酯的3 d降解率达56.4%,半衰期为60.7 h。其最适生长条件为：pH6.0~8.0,温度30~35 ℃,接种量5%。研究结果可为今后治理联苯菊酯残留污染提供理论参考。  相似文献   

Phosphate Solubilizing Ability and Phylogenetic Diversity of Bacteria from P-Rich Soils Around Dianchi Lake Drainage Area of China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

YANG Pei-Xiang  MA Li  CHEN Ming-Hui  XI Jia-Qin  HE Feng  DUAN Chang-Qun  MO Ming-He  FANG Dun-Huang  DUAN Yan-Qing  YANG Fa-Xiang 《土壤圈》2012,22(5):707-716

The phylogenetic diversity of phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB)distributed in P-rich soils in the Dianchi Lake drainage area of China was characterized,and the tricalcium phosphate(TCP)solubilizing activities of isolated PSB were determined.Among 1 328 bacteria isolated from 100 P-rich soil samples,377 isolates(28.39%of the total)that exhibited TCP solubilization activity were taken as PSB.These PSB showed different abilities to solubilize TCP,with the concentrations of solubilized P in bacterial cultures varying from 33.48 to 69.63 mg L^-1.A total of 123 PSB isolates,with relatively high TCP solubilization activity(>54.00 mg L^-1),were submitted for restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)analysis,which revealed 32 unique RFLP patterns.Based on these patterns,62 representative isolates,one to three from each RFLP pattern,were seffected for 16S rRNA sequencing.Phylogenetic analysis placed the 123 PSB into three bacterial phyla,namely Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria and Firmicutes.Members of Proteobacteria were the dominant PSB,where 107 isolates represented by 26 RFLP patterns were associated with the genera of Burkholderia,Pseudomonas,Acinetobacter,Enterobacter,Pantoea,Serratia,Klebsiella,Leclercia,Raoultella and Cedecea.Firmicutes were the subdominant group,in which 13 isolates were affiliated with the genera of Bacillus and Brevibacterium.The remaining 3 isolates were identified as three species of the genus Arthrobacter.This research extends the knowledge on PSB in P-rich soils and broadens the spectrum of PSB for the development of environmentally friendly biophosphate fertilizers.  相似文献   

Yield promotion and phosphorus solubilization by plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria in extensive wheat production in Turkey     

Metin Turan  Medine Gulluce  Nicolaus von Wirén  Fikrettin Sahin 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(6):818-826

Plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been reported to stimulate the growth and yield of grain crops, particularly when nutrient supply is poor. However, the mechanisms underlying stimulation of plant growth may vary depending not only on growth conditions and crop management but also on plant and bacterial species. The present study assessed the effect of an inoculation with single or multiple PGPR strains on phosphorus (P)‐solubilization processes in the soil and on grain yield in wheat. Single inoculation with Bacillus subtilis OSU‐142, Bacillus megaterium M3, or Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 increased grain yield by 24%, 19%, and 19%, respectively, while a mixed inoculation with OSU‐142, M3, and Sp245 increased grain yield by 33% relative to noninoculated plants. Single inoculations with Paenibacillus polymyxa RC05 or Bacillus megaterium RC07 were less effective. Single or mixed treatments with OSU‐142, M3, and Sp245 increased the concentrations of the labile and moderately labile P fractions in rhizosphere soil. The growth‐stimulating effect of OSU‐142, M3, and Sp245 was also reflected by higher P concentrations in most plant organs. Among all inocula tested, the highest plant P acquisition was obtained in the presence of M3 and accompanied by the highest microbial P levels and the highest phosphatase activities in the rhizosphere soil. In conclusion, seed inoculation with mixed PGPR strains may effectively substitute for a part of P‐fertilizer application in extensive wheat production, and in particular M3 appears to improve the solubilization of inorganic soil P.  相似文献   

水稻根际耐镉细菌碳源代谢功能分析     

周丽英  林素兰  李艺  林淑婷  刘杰  肖清铁  叶仁杰  林文雄  林瑞余 《中国生态农业学报》2012,20(8):1083-1087

为探明前期分离得到的3株水稻根际耐镉细菌碳源代谢特性,在进行生理生化鉴定的基础上,采用BIOLOG ECO微平板法,分析了3株细菌(菌株A、菌株B和菌株C)的碳源代谢功能。生理生化试验结果表明,3株菌均属于革兰氏阴性细菌,且均具有极生鞭毛,菌株C的生理生化鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌,菌株A与菌株B为假单胞菌属的其他种,结果与之前的分子生物学鉴定结果一致。BIOLOG分析结果表明,3株菌株在培养72 h的AWCD(平均颜色变化率)均接近最大值,在培养24 h时的AWCD存在显著差异,这种差异主要体现在对氨基酸的利用上。在对提供的31种单一碳源利用上,3株菌对N-乙酰-D-葡萄糖胺、L-精氨酸、L-天冬酰胺、甲叉丁二酸、腐胺、4-羟基苯甲酸、丙酮酸甲酯、吐温-40和吐温-80的利用率均较高,且对L-精氨酸、甲叉丁二酸、丙酮酸甲酯的利用率存在显著差异。本研究结果对深入了解耐镉菌株增殖所需要的碳源以及将来优化耐镉细菌最适培养基提供了理论依据,也为构建相应的基因工程菌提供了微生物资源。  相似文献   

海藻酸钠固定化细菌对毒死蜱的降解特性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

段海明 《中国生态农业学报》2012,20(12):1636-1642

毒死蜱的生产和使用日趋广泛,由其造成的环境污染和危害不容忽视。微生物是影响有机磷农药在环境中降解的最主要因素,也被认为是降解有机磷农药最可靠而高效的途径。固定化技术是提高微生物降解农药效率的有效方法之一。本研究以海藻酸钠为载体,采用注射器滴定法将蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cer-eus)HY-1用海藻酸钠溶胶包埋,研究了反应时间、固定化菌接入量、pH和毒死蜱初始浓度对毒死蜱降解的影响以及固定化菌的重复使用效果。结果表明:海藻酸钠固定化菌能够高效降解基础培养基中的毒死蜱,制备固定化小球海藻酸钠溶胶的最适浓度为2.5%(w/v),小球的平均粒径为3 mm。在培养时间为60 h时,固定化菌对100 mg·L-1毒死蜱的降解率达到最大。固定化小球接入量为160 g·L-1时,对100 mg·L-1毒死蜱的降解率最高。固定化菌对毒死蜱的降解有着较宽泛的pH适应范围,碱性环境更有利于其对毒死蜱的有效降解。当毒死蜱初始浓度为80 mg·L-1和100 mg·L-1时,固定化菌对毒死蜱的降解率较高,达90%左右。固定化菌可重复利用降解毒死蜱,当利用4次后,固定化小球虽已发生崩解,但对100 mg·L-1毒死蜱的降解率仍高达47%。因此,海藻酸钠固定化蜡状芽孢杆菌对水体中毒死蜱的降解率较高,环境适应性较强,固定化菌可在毒死蜱污染的净化去毒方面发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

昆虫病原线虫共生菌胞内外蛋白的提取及杀虫活性比较     

杨保军  杨怀文  刘峥  杨秀芬  袁京京 《中国生物防治》2007,23(1):33-38

通过超声波破碎、硫酸铵盐析等方法从10株昆虫病原线虫共生菌的发酵液中分离出各菌株的胞内和胞外蛋白,测定各蛋白样品含量及其对棉铃虫初孵幼虫的生长抑制毒性,并用Native-PAGE和SDS-PAGE对各粗蛋白组分进行初步分析。结果表明有7个菌株的胞内和胞外蛋白对棉铃虫初孵幼虫生长均显示出不同程度的抑制生长活性。其中以嗜线虫致病杆菌3个菌株CB6、All和Bw活性最强,其胞内蛋白的活性分别达97.1%、97.9%、97.2%,胞外蛋白分别达95.8%9、6.3%、88.6%。不同菌株胞内胞外蛋白产量各不相同。电泳图谱表明,不同菌株间及同一菌株胞内胞外蛋白有差异,但近缘菌株相似。  相似文献   

氨基酸菌肥施用量对茶树生长及土壤肥力的影响     

周巧仪  郜礼阳  关洁婷  刘淑媚  谢郁超  张佳敏  凌彩金 《土壤与作物》2022,(1):81-87

为探究不同氨基酸菌肥施用量对茶树生长和土壤肥力含量的影响,以鸿雁12号茶树为研究对象,采用田间微区试验的方法,设置了不施用氨基酸菌肥作对照组(CK)和氨基酸菌肥施用量分别为75 kg·hm-2(T1)、150 kg·hm-2(T2)、225 kg·hm-2(T3)和300 kg·hm-2(T4)的处理,研究不同氨基酸菌...  相似文献