祁连山不同类型草地土壤细菌群落特征研究     

赵文  尹亚丽  李世雄  刘燕  刘晶晶  董怡玲  苏世锋  吉凌鹤 《草业学报》2021,30(12):161-171

祁连山是我国西部重要的生态屏障,拥有大量的草地资源。研究草地土壤细菌群落组成及其与土壤环境因子间的关系,可对维持草地生态及了解祁连山土壤细菌群落组成提供一定的数据基础。采用高通量测序技术检测并分析了祁连山默勒镇3种类型草地 （高寒草甸、人工草地、沼泽化草甸）0~10 cm土壤细菌群落结构及多样性,并对上述土壤细菌群落与土壤理化因子的相关性进行了系统的研究。结果表明：1）沼泽化草甸土壤全氮、全磷、有机质碳、含水量和硝态氮显著高于高寒草甸和人工草地（P<0.05）。2）3地共测得有效序列1022446条,以97%的一致性将序列聚类,高寒草甸、人工草地、沼泽化草甸OTU聚类均值分别是4917、5233、5075条。3）Shannon和Simpson多样性指数3地间差异不显著,Chao1指数表现为人工草地>高寒草甸>沼泽化草甸（P<0.05）。4）在门水平上,3地均以变形菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门和浮霉菌门为主要类群;在属水平上,表现出不同类型草地细菌富集类型不同。5）有机质碳、全磷、土壤含水量与土壤细菌群落的组成表现出极显著相关（P<0.01）。综上,祁连山地区小生境内3种草地土壤微生物群落存在差异,有机质碳、全磷、土壤含水量是影响群落的主要驱动因子。  相似文献   

藏北燕麦草地持续利用与撂荒对高寒草甸土壤特征的影响     

王明涛  方江平  包赛很那  苗彦军  王向涛  赵玉红  谢文栋  仓木德吉 《草地学报》2021,29(8):1801-1808

为研究不同利用方式对藏北高寒草甸建植一年生燕麦（Avena sativa Linn.）人工草地的土壤理化性质及土壤细菌群落的影响,本试验于8月份植物生长旺季,在持续利用人工草地（AG）、撂荒人工草地（AC）和对照天然草地（NG）采集土壤样品,分析了土壤理化性质、土壤细菌群落组成和结构特征变化。结果表明,AG样地土壤有机质、全钾含量和pH与NG样地相比无显著性变化,土壤全氮、速效氮和速效钾含量显著降低;AC样地与NG样地相比土壤pH显著升高,土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮和速效钾含量显著降低。AG样地土壤细菌群落Chao1,Shannon和Pielou均匀度指数显著高于NG样地,AC样地酸杆菌门和变形菌门丰度显著升高。土壤理化性质是土壤细菌群落结构组成门、属相对丰度变化主要影响因子。综上所述,高寒草甸一年生燕麦人工草地长期利用应科学补充肥料,保持土壤肥力;草地撂荒需谨慎,应及时采取恢复措施避免草地发生退化。  相似文献   

A review of okara (soybean curd residue) utilization as animal feed: Nutritive value and animal performance aspects     

Mohammad Mijanur Rahman  Khairiyah Mat  Genki Ishigaki  Ryo Akashi 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13594

Year by year, huge quantities of by-products are generated during the manufacturing process of soybean-based products. Okara is one of the by-products, and it is an insoluble portion of the soybean. It consists of high moisture (8.4–22.9%); on dry matter basis, it contains high metabolizable energy (9.0–14.2 MJ/kg) and other components that include crude protein (20.9–39.1%), crude fiber (12.2–61.3%), crude fat (4.9–21.5%), and ash (3.4–5.3%). Fermentation of okara improves its nutritional quality and reduces its anti-nutrient contents. Due to animals' palatability, okara can be used to replace the soybean meal/concentrate feed partially or completely in ruminant's diet and partially in nonruminant's diet. Okara feeding does not depress the intake, digestibility, growth, milk production, blood metabolic profiles, and meat quality of animals. However, this by-product decays quickly due to its high moisture content, and its heavy weight and sticky nature make it difficult to process and expensive to dry using conventional methods. This paper thoroughly summarizes the utilization of okara as animal feed in the cause of developing a general guideline with favorable levels of inclusion in the diets of animals for its exploitation and valorization. This review will encourage further research to develop eco-friendly and value added feed for animals.  相似文献   

蛋鸡不同阶段营养调控     

覃敏 《畜牧兽医科学(电子版)》2021,(5):33-34

蛋鸡养殖期间不同生长发育阶段的营养需求有所差异,为更好地满足不同阶段蛋鸡的生长需求,应对饲料配方做出动态化调整,加强营养调控技术的研究。通过对饲料配方进行科学调整,能保证营养供给更加充足,更加均衡满足蛋鸡生长需求,保证蛋鸡健康生长,减少饲料成本,提高饲料利用效率。该文主要论述蛋鸡在不同生长阶段的营养调控技术,并提出完善蛋鸡营养调控技术的措施。  相似文献   

Effects of Complex Nutritional Regulation Additives on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Grazing Sheep in Cold Season     

LIANG Jing  ZHANG Wen-ju  WANG Bo 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(4):953-959

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of complex nutritional regulation additives on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.A single factor random block design was used and 48 grazing ewes with the average weight (28.01±1.70) kg and 7 months old were randomly divided into 4 groups:Group Ⅰ without supplement;Group Ⅱ with concentrate;Group Ⅲ with concentrate+complex formulation 1 (0.30% malic acid, 0.06% cysteamine, 0.08% saccharicterpenin);Group Ⅳ with concentrate+complex formulation 2 (0.60% malic acid, 0.12% cysteamine, 0.16% saccharicterpenin)with 3 replicates per group and 4 grazing ewes per replicate.The results showed that:①The final weight of group Ⅲ was the highest and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05), respectively.The average daily gain of group Ⅲ was highest, and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05) respectively.②Comparing with group Ⅱ, the slaughter rate of group Ⅲ was increased by 4.68% (P>0.05).Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the meat percentage of group Ⅲ was increased 18.46% (P<0.05), 10.97% (P>0.05) and 4.40% (P>0.05), while the net meat weight of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased by 49.74% (P<0.01), 13.22% (P>0.05) and 18.27% (P<0.05), respectively.Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the net meat rat of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased 10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05) and 3.37% (P>0.05), respectively.③There was a rising trend as the order of groupⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ and Ⅲ in serum glucose, Ca, P, HDL, LDL, GPT and IgG, while A/G and TG showed a decreasing trend.Based on the above results, in this trial, supplementing complex nutritional regulation additives had good effects on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.And supplementing complex formulation group 1 (group Ⅲ) was the best.  相似文献   

Research Advanced on Functions of Nutritional Regulation and Intestinal Barrier of Arginine     

LI Jian-hui  MIAO Zhi-qiang  CHE Xiang-rong  YANG Yu 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(2):407-412

Arginine is one of the most important amino acids for animals,and participates in the synthesis and metabolism of many nutrients,plays a role in the development and function of the gastrointestinal tract.Intestinal barrier function is one of the most functions for intestine.The article will summarize the effect of arginine on intestinal barrier.It was explicated the influence on inteseinal immunity of Toll-like receptor.This research provided some references for further study of arginine regulation on animal production.  相似文献   

MicroRNA研究概述     

彭可可  欧阳伶宣  邓朝谦  蒋元  徐素萍  李晓宁  韦显凯  罗廷荣 《动物医学进展》2016,(4):110-114

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类真核生物内源性非编码的单链小分子RNA,长约21nt~23nt。越来越多的miRNA在动物细胞和植物组织中发现,这些成熟的小分子RNA是从具有发夹结构的前体miRNA(pre-miRNA)剪切出来,通过与靶mRNA分子互补结合而抑制蛋白翻译或导致mRNA降解,从而调控靶基因的表达。miRNA是一类重要的基因调控子,在机体的基因表达调控、细胞分化和凋亡以及抗病毒防御中发挥重要的作用。深入理解miRNA介导的宿主与病毒之间的相互调节作用,对于阐明病毒的致病机理与制定治疗策略具有深远的意义。  相似文献   

The effect of lactic acid bacterial starter culture and chemical additives on wilted rice straw silage          下载免费PDF全文

Yan‐Su Wang  Wei Shi  Lin‐Ting Huang  Cheng‐Long Ding  Chuan‐Chao Dai 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(4):525-535

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are suitable for rice straw silage fermentation, but have been studied rarely, and rice straw as raw material for ensiling is difficult because of its disadvantages, such as low nutrition for microbial activities and low abundances of natural populations of LAB. So we investigated the effect of application of LAB and chemical additives on the fermentation quality and microbial community of wilted rice straw silage. Treatment with chemical additives increased the concentrations of crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), acetic acid and lactic acid, reduced the concentrations of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), but did not effectively inhibit the growth of spoilage organisms. Inoculation with LABs did not improve the nutritional value of the silage because of poor growth of LABs in wilted rice straw. Inoculation with LAB and addition of chemical materials improved the quality of silage similar to the effects of addition of chemical materials alone. Growth of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria was inhibited by this mixed treatment and the LAB gradually dominated the microbial community. In summary, the fermentation quality of wilted rice straw silage had improved by addition of LAB and chemical materials.  相似文献   

Immobilization of wild giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) with dexmedetomidine–tiletamine–zolazepam          下载免费PDF全文

Yipeng Jin  Yanchao Qiao  Xiaobin Liu  Tianchun Pu  Hongqian Xu  Degui Lin 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(3):333-337

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赤芝子实体乙酸乙酯提取物的化学成分研究     

王樟根  陈少丹  苏冀彦  谢意珍  桂蜀华 《食用菌学报》2016,(3):57-60

用乙酸乙酯对赤芝(Ganoderma lucidum)子实体进行提取,并采用多种柱层析方法分离得到10个化合物,经质谱和核磁共振方法鉴定这10个化合物分别为拱状灵芝素A(1)、拱状灵芝素B(2)、对苯二甲酸正丁异丁二醇酯(3)、对苯二甲酸二丁酯(4)、α-羟基-24-烷酸(5)、棕榈酸(6)、硬脂酸(7)、N-苯乙基-苯甲酰胺(8)、原儿茶酸(9)和琥珀酸(10),其中化合物3、4、8、9和10是首次从赤芝子实体中分离得到的.  相似文献