红外辐射技术在农副产品加工中的应用与进展   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

夏朝勇  朱文学  张仲欣 《农机化研究》2006,(1):196-198,201

红外辐射加热干燥技术有众多的优点，近些年来在农副产品加工中的应用越来越多。为此。介绍了红外辐射的基本原理及特点；并通过大量的实例阐述了红外辐射在谷物、蔬菜、竹材加热干燥上的应用与研究进展，以及红外辐射技术在农副产品杀菌方面的应用。  相似文献   

小型乳制品加工厂的研究与设计     

金德海  庞爱国  胡红旗 《农机化研究》2003,(2):144-145

牛奶是人类生长发育全过程中最适宜的食品。牛奶中含有大量的优质蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、乳糖、多种维生素、多种免疫活性因子及人体必需的矿物质微量元素，是营养最全面、营养价值最高、最容易消化吸收的食品。为此，从牛奶在人们饮食中所处的地位出发，介绍了乳制品加工厂研究的意义，阐述了小型乳制品加工的生产工艺、厂房分布图和主要设备。  相似文献   

广东农业机械化对种植业的贡献率研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨丹彤  区颖刚  张亚莉  余平祥 《农机化研究》2004,(5):7-10

为了研究农业机械化在农业和农村经济中的量化效果，在分析广东农业机械化特点的基础上，用项目有无比较法测算了广东农业机械化贡献率，并对结果与成因进行了分析。研究结果表明：1998年，广东农业机械化贡献率为11．18％，特别是在产业结构调整和劳动力收入的情况下，农业机械化的贡献作用更为明显。  相似文献   

GIS在农业水土领域的应用与研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

卢敏  张展羽 《中国农村水利水电》2004,(9):8-11

介绍了近年来国内外GIS在农业灌溉管理、精确农业和农业区划、土壤利用和土壤侵蚀方面的研究和应用情况，并对GIS在该领域的研究进行归纳和总结，此外探讨了GIS在当前农业领域应用的主要发展方向。  相似文献   

Towards sustainable farming systems: Effectiveness and deficiency of the French procedure of sustainable agriculture   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mohamed Gafsi  Bruno Legagneux  Genevive Nguyen  Patrice Robin 《Agricultural Systems》2006,90(1-3):226-242

There is a widespread consensus about the importance of sustainable agriculture. In France, the Farming Orientation Law of July 1999 has set down a precise procedure for the implementation of sustainable agriculture: the contrat territorial d’exploitation – or territorial farm contract (TFC). This paper aims to analyse the TFC effectiveness. An analysis has been made of the TFCs signed in the Midi-Pyrenees Region in south-western France, using statistical analysis and qualitative surveys of a sample of farms. The results show that the most valuable effects have been mainly economic. Effects regarding social and environmental aspects were very limited. But from the point of view of an integrated approach, indirect effects of TFCs can be observed on social and environmental aspects. These results are explained, on the one hand, by farmers’ motivations guided by economic objectives, and on the other hand, by the dominance of professional farming organisations in the implementation of TFC’s procedure. Given these results, two ways of improving the elaboration procedure for TFCs are proposed. Firstly, technical improvements can be made to the diagnostic assessment of farms, and to the choice of actions addressed by the contract. Secondly, organisational improvements can be applied to TFCs elaboration and implementation process, in order to adopt a participatory approach which would involve all rural stakeholders.  相似文献   

Finding niches for whole-farm design models – contradictio in terminis?     

B. Sterk  M.K. van Ittersum  C. Leeuwis  W.A.H. Rossing  H. van Keulen  G.W.J. van de Ven 《Agricultural Systems》2006

Whole-farm design models quantitatively analyze the effects of a variety of potential changes at the farm system level. Science-driven technical information is confronted with value-driven objectives of farmers or other social groupings under explicit assumptions with respect to exogenous variables that are important drivers of agricultural systems (e.g., market conditions). Hence, farm design is an outcome of objective specification and the potential of a system. In recent publications, whole-farm design modelling has been proposed to enhance (farm) innovation processes. A number of operational modelling tools now offers the opportunity to assess the true potential of whole-farm design modelling to enhance innovation. In this paper, we demonstrate that it is not trivial to find niches for the application of goal-based farm models. Model outcomes appeared not to match questions of farm managers monitoring and learning from their own and other farmers’ practices. However, our research indicates that whole-farm design modelling possesses the capabilities to make a valuable contribution to reframing. Reframing is the phenomenon that people feel an urge to discuss and reconsider current objectives and perspectives on a problem. Reframing might take place in a situation (i) of mutually felt dependency between stakeholders, (ii) in which there is sufficient pressure and urgency for stakeholders to explore new problem definitions and make progress. Furthermore, our research suggests that the way the researcher enters a likely niche to introduce a model and/or his or her position in this niche may have significant implications for the potential of models to enhance an innovation process. Therefore, we hypothesize that the chances of capitalizing on modelling expertise are likely to be higher when researchers with such expertise are a logical and more or less permanent component of ongoing trajectories than when these researchers come from outside to purposefully search for a niche.  相似文献   

Conversion to organic arable farming in The Netherlands: A dynamic linear programming analysis     

S. Acs  P.B.M. Berentsen  R.B.M. Huirne 《Agricultural Systems》2007

Several studies show that organic farming is more profitable than conventional farming. However, in reality not many farmers convert to organic farming. Policy makers and farmers do not have clear insight into factors which hamper or stimulate the conversion to organic farming. The objective of this paper is to develop a dynamic linear programming model to analyse the effects of different limiting factors on the conversion process of farms over time. The model is developed for a typical arable farm in The Netherlands central clay region, and is based on two static liner programming models (conventional and organic). The objective of the model is to maximise the net present value over a 10-year planning horizon. The results of the analysis of a basic scenario show that conversion to organic farming is more profitable than staying conventional. In order to arrive at the actual profitable phase of organic farming, the farmer has to pass through the economically difficult 2-year conversion period. Sensitivity analysis shows that if depreciation is 25% higher than conventional fixed costs due to machinery made superfluous by conversion, conversion is less profitable than staying conventional. Also the availability of hired labour, which can be constrained in peak periods, has a strong effect on the cropping plan and the amount of area converted. Further analysis shows that a slight drop (2%) in organic prices lowers the labour income of the farmer and makes conversion less profitable than conventional farming. For farmers, a minimum labour income can be required to ‘survive’. The analysis shows that constraint on minimum labour income makes stepwise conversion the best way for farmers to overcome economic difficulties during conversion.  相似文献   

基于模糊层次分析法的农产品加工企业风险评价研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王侃 《中国农机化》2006,(5):76-79

风险评价是风险管理的重要阶段,针对农产品加工企业特点,提出了一种基于模糊层次分析法的农产品加工企业风险评价方法。该方法初步解决了农产品加工企业风险管理中的关键问题——风险因素的识别。以某农产品加工公司为例,介绍了该方法的应用过程。  相似文献   

水稻旱作覆膜节水增产试验研究     

吴珠明  时光宇  鲍炳钧 《中国农村水利水电》2001,(2):22-23

通过水稻旱作全程覆膜与半程覆膜、旱作不覆膜及水栽对比试验，研究其耗水规律，计算其节水量与增产量，并进行经济效益分析，提出了适合本地区的栽培模式。  相似文献   

小型农产品分选机设计与试验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邓继忠  李山  张建瓴  陈文凯  蒋恩臣 《农业机械学报》2015,46(9):245-250

针对家庭农场及小规模营销的需要,设计了基于机器视觉的小型农产品分选机。农产品在平胶带上形成多通道阵列式输送,以DSP作为机器视觉单元的核心,采集一帧图像可分析多个通道,并根据农产品的形状、颜色等图像特征进行分选。在水平输送速度为9.2 cm/s、农产品输送间隔为16 cm、4通道并行输送的条件下,选用核桃、红枣及栗子3种农产品进行了分选机性能测试。试验表明,机器能够可靠工作;核桃、红枣和栗子的分选准确性分别为91.66%、94.79%和97.39%;分选速度达8 800个/h。因此采用DSP芯片作为小型分选机的机器视觉核心是可行的,可以为农产品分选机的小型化、低成本提供技术支持。  相似文献