江南油杉种质资源与苗木繁殖研究动态与展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蒋燚  王勇  刘菲  刘雄盛  何应会 《广西林业科学》2014,43(3):301-305

通过相关资料的查阅与收集,对江南油杉在我国天然种群资源的分布进行分析研究,揭示了江南油杉自然繁衍对生境的需求、过度砍伐利用是导致其濒危的原因,分析自然种群生境、染色体核型研究、育苗技术和引种驯化等方面的研究现状,以实现江南油杉资源保护与合理利用,并进一步研究江南油杉的人工林栽培技术和高效繁殖技术。  相似文献   

不同物种CLPG基因部分序列生物信息分析及山羊染色体电子定位     

沈祖楠  李祥龙  周荣艳  李兰会 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,34(10):56-59

作者应用比较基因组学和生物信息学方法比较了绵羊、山羊、牛、狗、马、兔子、猪、挪威鼠的CLPG基因部分序列，并对该基因的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行了分析。结果表明，在被比对的12个基因序列中检测到176个多态位点，物种间及物种内的CLPG基因存在较丰富的遗传多样性。通过物种间生物信息分析将CLPG基因定位于山羊21号染色体。  相似文献   

哲罗鱼的染色体核型分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张荣华  孙中武  尹家胜  尹洪滨 《水产学杂志》2008,21(1):64-67

以哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)肾细胞为材料,采用胸腔干燥法制备了染色体,姬姆萨染色和核型分析.结果表明,哲罗鱼的二倍体染色体数目为2n=84,核型公式为:2n=18m 16sm 34st 16t,NF=118.  相似文献   

鲁西牛的染色体研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于汝梁  辛彩云 《中国牛业科学》1991,(2)

研究了40头鲁西牛(♂37,♀3,2n=60)染色体的 G 带,R 带,C 带及Ag-NOR,着重分析了 y 染色体的形态及带型。在常规 Giemsa 染色的分裂相上,y染色体和小的常染色体形态相近。经常规—C 带连续染色,准确识别出 y 染色体之后测量了18条 y 染色体,臂比为3.19,属亚端着丝点染色体。y 染色体的着丝点区和短臂与常染色体的着丝点区和短臂在 G 带、C 带的带型上差别很大,表明构成它们 DNA的硷基成份有差别。统计的152个细胞的 Ag-NOR 中,平均每细胞 Ag-NOR 数为5.81±1.38,变化范围2—9。按染色体长度排列,NOR 位于2、3、4、11、22(或21)和28号常染色体末端。第22(或21)号染色体上存在 NOR 在其它牛种上尚未有过报道。  相似文献   

Meiotic and Isozymic Analyses of Tall Fescue × Giant Fescue Hybrids and Amphiploids1     

G. C. Eizenga  D. M. Burner  R. C. Buckner 《Plant Breeding》1990,104(3):202-211

The meiotic behavior of three tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, 2n = 6x = 42) genotypes, giant fescue (F. gigantea, 2n = 6x = 42), and their reciprocal F₁ hybrids and C₁, amphiploids was evaluated to determine the parental genomic relationships. Isozyme banding patterns were used to confirm the parental identity of the hybrids and amphiploids. At meta-phase I, the parents had predominantly bivalent pairing. The hybrids had an average of 9.51 I, 16.02 II, 0.12 III, 0.02 IV, and the amphiploids had 2.17 I, 38.82 II, 0.60 III, 0.58 IV, 0.01 V—VIII. The prevalence of bivalent pairing in both hybrids and amphiploids suggested a homoeologous relationship between the six genomes, with four of the six being more closely related. Bivalent pairing in the amphiploids indicated genetic regulation of chromosome pairing. Zymograms were obtained for acid phosphatase (ACPH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) and phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI). The three tall fescue and giant fescue parents had different zymograms for ACPH, MDH, 6-PGD and PGI; thus, the tall fescue parents of the hybrids and amphiploids could be determined based on the banding patterns of these four enzymes. Phenotypes were determined for ACPH-1, PGI-2 and 6-PGD-1. ACPH-1 may be used to follow the introgression of giant fescue chromatin into a certain tall fescue genotype.  相似文献   

Identification and breeding behaviour of a major deletion of chromosome 5D ofTriticum aestivum     

M. D. Atkinson  E. D. P. Whelan  T. E. Miller 《Euphytica》1995,84(3):189-195

Summary A study was undertaken to evaluate the breeding behaviour and to identify a spontaneously produced putative chromosomal deletion in the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) cv Norstar. Male and female transmission studies of plants heterozygous for the deletion chromosome indicated 9.5% and 48.8% transmission through the pollen and the egg, respectively. Meiotic analyses of progeny from deletion heterozygotes indicated that the deletion chromosome was eliminated from half of the plants, which agreed with the male and female transmission frequencies. Testcrosses of the deletion chromosome with telocentrics and nullisomic-tetrasomic combinations suggested that the deletion involved the long arm of chromosome 5D. This was confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Also, monosomic plants obtained in progeny of deletion heterozygotes were shown to be monosomic for 5D. Studies of plants homozygous for the deletion showed relatively normal pairing between the deletion chromosomes, and with the short arm (5DS), but not the long arm (5DL). Deletion homozygotes were self-sterile, and morphologically similar to plants nullisomic for 5D, but plants that also contained 5DL, or a homoeologous chromosome were self-fertile and had normal morphology. Studies of chromosome morphology indicated that the deletion chromosome was metacentric, and the length of the long arm was reduced by approximately 60%. RFLP studies showed that, in terms of genetic distance, 90% of the arm was missing.  相似文献   

Inheritance and chromosomal location of the homoeologous genes affecting phenol colour reaction of kernels in durum wheat     

N.?WatanabeEmail author  A.?Takeuchi  A.?Nakayama 《Euphytica》2004,139(2):87-93

End-use quality of wheat for noodles is influenced by polyphenol oxidase activity and its corresponding substrates. This study investigated the chromosomal location of genes that determine phenol colour reaction of kernels in tetraploid wheat using aneuploid stocks. Polyphenol oxidase activity was estimated by the colour reaction of kernels to phenol solution. It was found that the genes located on homoeologous group 2 chromosomes have an important effect on the level of phenol colour reaction of kernels. The genes (Tc1 and Tc2) responsible for high phenol colour reaction of kernels were mapped to the long arms of chromosome 2A and chromosome 2B, respectively. The map distances were estimated to be 46.8 cM for Tc1 and 40.7 cM for Tc2 from the centromere using double-diltelosomics of durum wheat.  相似文献   

Production and characterization of Raphanus sativus-Brassica rapa monosomic chromosome addition lines     

Y. Kaneko    H. Yano    S. W. Bang  Y. Matsuzawa 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(2):163-168

Breeding of Raphanus sativus‐Brassica rapa monosomic chromosome addition lines (MALs, 2n = 19) was carried out by backcrossing the synthesized amphidiploid line, Raphanobrassica (R. sativus×B. rapa, 2n = 38, RRAA, line RA89) with R. sativus cv. ‘Shogoin’ (2n = 18, RR). In the first cross of Raphanobrassica× radish, four sesquidiploidal BC₁ plants (2n = 28, RRA, RA89‐36‐1, RA89‐31‐1, RA89‐31‐2, RA89‐31‐3) were successfully developed. In these plants, the chromosome configurations of 9II + 10I and 10II + 8I were observed frequently at first metaphase (MI) of meiosis in pollen mother cells (PMCs). The RA 89‐36‐1 plant produced many seeds in the reciprocal backcrosses with radish. About 50% of the BC₂ plants obtained from the cross of RA89‐36‐1 plant × radish were 2n = 19 plants, followed by 2n = 18 plants (24%) and 2n = 20 plants (19%). In the reciprocal cross, 2n = 19 plants were also developed at the rate of 40%. From analysis of specific morphological traits, 2n = 19 plants were classified into eight types (a‐h). When 25 selected primers were used in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers derived from B. rapa for each type of MAL were detected in numbers between three for e‐type and 16 for b‐type. RAPD markers specific for each type alone were from one (OPE 05‐344) for h‐type to nine for b‐type. In the g‐type, no marker specific to this type alone was observed. However, 19 bands were common between at least two types. These MAL plants exhibited predominantly the chromosome configuration of 9II + 1I at MI of PMCs, pollen and seed fertility being the same level as the radish cv. ‘Shogoin’. From the morphological traits and DNA markers, eight different MAL types among 10 expected were identified.  相似文献   

Chromosome locations of leaf rust resistance genes in selected tetraploid wheats through substitution lines     

Shimelis?HusseinEmail author  Johan?J.?Spies  Zakkie?A.?Pretorius  Maryke?T.?Labuschagne 《Euphytica》2005,141(3):209-216

Langdon durum D-genome disomic substitution lines were used to study the chromosome locations of adult-plant leaf rust resistance genes identified from tetraploid wheat accessions. The accessions are 104 (Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum var. arras) and 127 (T. turgidum subsp. durum var. aestivum). The complete sets of the substitution lines were crossed as female parents with the accessions and F₁ double monosomic individuals selected at metaphase I. Segregating F₂ individuals were inoculated during the flag leaf stage with pathotype UVPrt2 of Puccinia triticina. The substitution analysis involving accession 104 showed that the gene for leaf rust resistance is located on chromosome 6B. The analysis with accession 127 indicated that chromosome 4A carries a gene for leaf rust resistance. The two novel genes are temporarily designated as Lrac104 and Lrac127, respectively from accessions 104 and 127.  相似文献   

Reduced chromosome association between the short arms of 5H homologues in Hordeum vulgare L. at metaphase I     

R. Pickering    S. Klatte  R. C. Butler 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(4):416-418

Rod or ring bivalents at metaphase I (MI) reflect whether crossing-over has occurred on one or both pairs of chromosome arms, respectively, during meiotic prophase (pachytene). In cultivated barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) the highest frequencies of rod bivalents were found for satellite chromosomes (either 5H or 6H). To distinguish between chromosome 5H and 6H associations, a recombinant line derived from an H. vulgare × H. bulbosum hybrid with a hemizygous introgression from H. bulbosum on the short arm of chromosome 6H was probed with 45S rDNA and pSc119.2 using fluorescent in situ hybridization and compared with non-recombinant H. vulgare. The frequencies of rod bivalents, caused by failure of the short arms of 5H chromosomes (5HS) to associate during meiosis in the recombinant line, were similar to the frequencies of rod bivalents involving the satellite chromosomes in H. vulgare. Hence, rod bivalent formation in H. vulgare satellite chromosomes is probably based on reduced association of 5HS, corresponding to a low frequency of genetic recombination. 5HS is, therefore, more likely to show linkage disequilibrium than the other chromosome arms.  相似文献