Effects of deep placement of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on soybean growth and yield under sulfur deficiency     

Minori Miyatake  Takuji Ohyama  Tadashi Yokoyama  Soh Sugihara  Takashi Motobayashi  Takehiro Kamiya 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):259-266

Sulfur (S) and Nitrogen (N) metabolisms in plants are interacted and it is known that S deficiency decrease N absorption and metabolism. In leguminous plants S deficiency also decreases N₂ fixation by rhizobia in the nodules. Deep placement of a controlled-release N fertilizer is a good method to provide nitrogen to soybean without inhibiting N₂ fixation; thus, it was hypothesized that this method is able to provide nitrogen effectively to sulfur-deficient soybean plants. In this study effects of deep placement of coated urea on S-N physicological interaction, growth and productivity in soybean plants were examined using pot experiments. Soybean plants were grown with sulfate concentrations of 30, 100, or 1000 μM, with or without deep placement of coated urea. Shoot weights at the developing stage were not affected by S deficiency. SPAD values of leaves during the flowering stage decreased with S deficiency and increased with the deep placement of coated urea. S deficiency decreased seed weight per plant at the harvesting stage, but this decrease was attenuated by the deep placement of coated urea. N and S content in shoots at the developing stage increased with the deep placement of coated urea, whereas in seeds, only the N content increased. N₂ fixation activity based on the relative ureide-N content in xylem sap indicated that the deep placement of coated urea did not inhibit N₂ fixation activity at the early flowering stage. Without deep placement of coated urea, the relative ureide-N content decreased under S deficiency at the seed filling stage. These results suggest that the deep placement of coated urea is an efficient method to supply N to support soybean yield under S deficiency.

Abbreviations: Deep+: with deep placement of coated urea; Deep–: without deep placement of coated urea  相似文献   

延迟释放型包衣尿素对水稻生长和氮素吸收的影响   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

曹兵  徐秋明  任军  边秀芝 《植物营养与肥料学报》2005,11(3):352-356

通过田间试验比较研究了普通尿素和延迟释放型包衣尿素在不同施用量、不同施肥方式(普通尿素为基肥+两次追肥;延迟释放型包衣尿素为接触施肥方式)条件下对移栽稻生长过程和氮素吸收的影响。结果表明,延迟释放型包衣尿素在比普通尿素施氮量(N150kg/hm2)减少30%(N105kg/hm2)和50%(N75kg/hm2)时,对水稻生长不会产生任何不良影响;由于包衣尿素在田间的养分释放动态与水稻对氮素的吸收规律吻合,施用包衣尿素的水稻产量、吸氮量和氮肥利用率均显著高于普通尿素处理,其中水稻产量增加12.7%～14.4%,吸氮量增加27.5%～32.7%;普通尿素和氮肥用量减少30%和50%的包衣尿素3个处理的氮肥利用率分别为19.9%、58.8%和89.9%。此外,施用包衣尿素比普通尿素水稻的子粒粗蛋白质含量提高9.2%～12.2%。  相似文献   

包膜缓释肥料(CSFs)增产机理与氮肥利用率示踪研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王艳  王小波  王小晶  张渊  苏霄倩 《水土保持学报》2006,20(5):109-111

把有^15N标记的尿素用自选的3种材料（WSU，FSU，GZCU）包膜制得包膜缓释肥后，进行了玉米微区试验。结果表明：（1）GZCU能较好的控制N素养分的释放，使GZCU处理土壤中速效N含量在玉米整个生育期保持较高状态，在玉米生长的后期仍能提供充足的养分，促进了玉米对N素的吸收、累积。（2）包膜肥处理与尿素相比，产量增加5．5％～21．3％，GZCU，FSU的增幅达显著水平，它们之间的差异也显著。（3）在各肥料一次基施的条件下，包膜肥的N素利用率比尿素高出4．5～19．3个百分点，GZCU、FSU之间；WSU、FSU之间的差异都达显著水平，WSU与CK2差异不明显。GZCU的N素当季利用率高达53．8％，可有效减少N的损失。  相似文献   

新型缓/控释肥料研究现状与展望   总被引：42，自引：1，他引：42  

韩晓日 《沈阳农业大学学报》2006,37(1):3-8

我国目前所施用的化肥大多是单质速效化肥,肥效期短,养分容易淋失、挥发和固定,使肥料利用率很低,其中氮肥利用率在30%￣35%,磷肥利用率10%￣15%,钾肥利用率35%￣50%。因此,开发可控制养分释放速度,一次施用能满足作物各个生长阶段养分需要,低成本,生产工艺简单且对环境友好的包膜控释专用肥料是新型肥料研究的主攻方向之一。  相似文献   

Inhibition of Methionine Biosynthesis in Botrytis cinerea by the Anilinopyrimidine Fungicide Pyrimethanil     

Rene Fritz  Catherine Lanen  Virginie Colas  Pierre Leroux 《Pest management science》1997,49(1):40-46

When mycelium of Botrytis cinerea was treated with low concentrations of the anilinopyrimidine fungicide pyrimethanil the total amount of free amino acids increased. Qualitative variations were also induced: alanine, glutamine, lysine, glycine, histidine, asparagine, arginine, threonine and moreover, α-aminobutyrate and β-alanine were accumulated; cyst(e)ine, valine, leucine and citrulline were reduced. When mycelium of B. cinerea was incubated with Na₂[³⁵S]O₄, pyrimethanil at 1·5 μM induced a decrease of [³⁵S]methionine and simultaneously an increase of [³⁵S]cystathionine. These data indicate that the anilinopyrimidine fungicide pyrimethanil inhibits the biosynthesis of methionine and suggest that the primary target could be the cystathionine β-lyase. © 1997 SCI.  相似文献   

过瘤胃胆碱和有机铬对围产期奶牛干物质采食量、奶产量及血液生化指标的影响     

安秀秀  李向宝  魏学良  徐玉薇  罗梦芸  王媛媛 《动物营养学报》2022,34(2):989-999

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加过瘤胃胆碱和有机铬对围产期奶牛干物质采食量(DMI)、奶产量及血液生化指标的影响.选取40头健康、经产(平均胎次1～2胎)的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组,每组10头牛.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,胆碱组饲喂基础饲粮+30 g/d过瘤胃胆碱,有机铬组饲喂基础饲粮+8g/d蛋氨酸铬,混合组饲喂基础饲粮+30...  相似文献   

Dietary methionine affects growth and the expression of key genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis and glucose metabolism in cobia (Rachycentron canadum)     

Shuyan Chi  Yuanfa He  Yong Zhu  Beiping Tan  Xiaohui Dong  Qihui Yang  Hongyu Liu  Shuang Zhang 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(1):123-133

Juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum), a carnivorous fish, was chosen to examine the effects of methionine (Met) supplementation of low fishmeal diets on growth and the expression of key genes related to hepatic lipogenesis and glucose metabolism. Seven isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain 7.2, 9.0, 10.0, 12.4, 14.1, 16.3 and 18.6 g/kg dietary Met levels. Healthy cobia (initial average weight ± SE = 9.79 ± 0.04 g) were randomly assigned into seven groups in triplicate with 40 individuals per sea cage for 8 weeks. The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) of fish increased as the dietary Met was increased up to 12.4 g/kg and then decreased. The expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and target of rapamycin (TOR) genes was inhibited by the Met‐deficient diets. The mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1 (SREBP1) genes increased with increasing dietary Met until 12.4 g/kg after which the former remained constant, whereas the latter decreased from 12.4 to 18.6 g/kg Met. The mRNA levels of pyruvate kinase (PK) increased as the dietary Met levels increased, reaching a peak at 12.4 g/kg, and then decreased with further increases in Met. However, the mRNA levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) decreased as the dietary Met was increased up to 12.4 g/kg and then remained constant from 12.4 to 18.6 g/kg Met. In conclusion, based on the straight broken‐line analysis of WGR against dietary Met levels, the optimal dietary Met requirement for juvenile cobia was estimated to be 12.4 g/kg (26.9 g/kg dietary protein). A diet with the optimal level of Met induces fish growth and is associated with increased IGF‐I and TOR.  相似文献   

硬质合金涂层刀具车削Ti6Al4V磨损实验研究     

闫军宇  杜茂华  程正  栾建举 《农业装备与车辆工程》2021,(1):17-20

使用两种涂层硬质合金刀具在云南机床厂生产的CY6140普通卧式车床上对Ti6Al4V钛合金棒料进行干切削,当达到一定的切削长度时,使用工业显微镜观察、测量并记录了刀具前后刀面的磨损形貌及磨损量的值.一旦达到刀具磨钝标准时就停止切削.通过分析刀具的磨损形貌以及两种涂层刀具磨损的曲线图可知,在切削Ti6Al4V材料时,SP...  相似文献   

Use of full-fat winged bean Psophocarpus tetragonolobus seed meal as a protein feedstuff in fish-meal free diets for African catfish Clarias gariepinus     

Fagbenro 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1999,5(3):199-204

Mature winged bean Psophocarpus tetragonolobus seeds were quick-cooked and the full-fat meal derived was used to completely replace menhaden fish meal as a dietary protein source for the African catfish Clarias gariepinus . Five dry practical diets (400 g crude protein kg⁻¹ and 17.5 kJ gross energy g⁻¹ dry diet) containing menhaden fish meal (diet 1) or winged bean meal with or without graded levels of supplemental L -methionine (diets 2, 3, 4 and 5; 0, 5, 10 and 15 g kg⁻¹, respectively) were fed to catfish fingerlings (5.8  +  1.2 g) for 70 days. Weight gain, growth rate, feed conversion and protein utilization by catfish fed a winged bean meal diet without L -methionine supplementation (diet 2) was inferior ( P  > 0.05) to that in catfish fed the other diets, where performance differed nonsignificantly. Carcass protein of catfish was lower ( P  < 0.05) while liver protein was higher ( P  < 0.05) in catfish fed the winged bean meal diet without methionine supplementation. Results suggest that winged bean meal cannot replace fish meal as a protein source in catfish diets except with a minimum supplementation with 5 g L -methionine kg⁻¹ diet.  相似文献   

蛋氨酸锌在山羊体内存留与分布   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李丽立  张彬 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,24(6):461-464

为揭示蛋氨酸锌在山羊体内存留与分布的规律,将１０浆体重为９ｋｇ左右的健康浏阳黑公山羊分成两组,分别饲喂＾６５Ｚｎ－Ｍｅｒ与＾６５ＺｎＳＯ４两种不同来源的同位素锌,研究螯合盐中锌在山羊体内的分布与存留。结果表明：在试验前期体内富集的锌,蛋氨酸锌组为４８．１ｍｇ,硫酸锌组为３５．４０ｍｇ,前者比后者多富集１３．０１ｍｇ,存留率分别为４０．３７％与２９．５０％。各组织器官中锌的存留量分别为２．３６,１．  相似文献