秋葵微粉对小鼠肠道内环境的影响     

辛松林  陈援援  邱秀艳  周慧超  吴玉姣 《核农学报》2020,34(4):816-823

为研究不同剂量秋葵微粉对小鼠肠道内环境的影响,将小鼠随机分为4组,即对照组、高剂量组(1 800 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)、中剂量组(900 mg·kg^-1d^-1)以及低剂量组(450 mg·kg^-1d^-1),灌胃6周后,检测其粪便、结肠、盲肠相关的肠道指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,各剂量组小鼠粪便含水量均增加,且高剂量组粪便含水量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各剂量组粪便pH值均极显著降低(P<0.01);各剂量组盲肠内容物 pH 值和结肠内容物pH值均降低。各剂量组盲肠内容物菌群OTU数量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),中剂量组Chaol值显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各剂量组结肠内容物菌群的OTU数量较对照组均有增加,中剂量组和低剂量组Chaol值极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)高于对照组。各剂量组盲肠、结肠内容物中短链胎肪酸(SCFA)含量均较对照组增加。秋葵微粉可以提高小鼠肠道中的益生菌比例,降低有害菌比例,促进肠道乙酸、丙酸和丁酸等SCFA含量明显升高。本研究结果为秋葵微粉用于改善动物肠道健康提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

结肠术后患者肠道通透性及炎症反应的观察     

刘春安  冼沛中  康旭  许庆文  李有柱 《湛江医学院学报》2007,25(4):403-405

目的 观察结肠手术后患者肠道通透性及炎症反应,探讨肠黏膜通透性(乳果糖/甘露醇比值L/M)、APCHE Ⅱ评分、白介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞(WBC)计数与外周血中大肠杆菌DNA阳性率的关系.方法 2005年2月至2006年6月我科收治的结肠癌行手术患者48例,检测术前和术后第3天、第7天的L/M比值、APCHEⅡ评分、IL-6、WBC数和外周血中大肠杆菌DNA,并根据外周血大肠杆菌DNA的PCR阴、阳性分组行各指标的比较.结果 术后第3天的尿L/M 比值、APACHEⅡ评分、IL-6、WBC数均较术前和术后第7天为高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);术后第7天的尿L/M比值、IL-6、WBC数均高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).PCR阳性(例次)组的L/M比值、APACHEⅡ评分、IL-6、WEC数高于与PCR阴性(例次)组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 结肠手术后第3天肠黏膜通透性增加,炎症反应明显;细菌易位与肠黏膜通透性和炎症反应有关.  相似文献   

德州驴盲结肠食糜液中纤维降解酶活性与挥发性脂肪酸含量的比较分析     

张振威  周倩  郑芮  王永辉  朱明霞  王长法 《动物营养学报》2022,34(2):1151-1157

本试验旨在比较分析德州驴盲结肠食糜液中纤维降解酶活性以及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的含量。采集9头德州驴的盲肠、腹结肠和背结肠食糜液样品,经4层纱布过滤后,通过分光光度计法测定羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)、微晶纤维素酶(AVI)、木聚糖纤维素酶(Xlyse)、阿魏酸酯酶(FAE)和乙酰酯酶(AE)活性,此外,使用气相色谱法测定VFA含量,每个指标3个平行。结果表明：CMCase、AVI与Xlyse活性在驴盲肠、腹结肠和背结肠食糜液中依次增加(P<0.05),而FAE活性在驴盲结肠间无显著差异(P>0.05)。驴背结肠食糜液中AE活性显著高于盲肠与腹结肠(P<0.05)。乙酸摩尔比例在驴盲肠、腹结肠和背结肠食糜液中依次显著增加(P<0.05),丙酸摩尔比例依次降低(P<0.05)。而且驴结肠食糜液中支链VFA含量显著高于盲肠(P<0.05)。综上所述,本研究明确了驴盲结肠食糜液具有较高的催化水解饲料细胞壁半纤维素与木质素分子间酯键连接的FAE和AE活性,随着驴后肠段逐渐后移,驴盲肠、腹结肠与背结肠食糜液中乙酸摩尔比例依次增加,丙酸摩尔比例依次降低。  相似文献   

Transrectal decompression as a new approach for treatment of large intestinal tympany in horses with colic: Preliminary results     

G. B. Scotti  S. S. Lazzaretti  D. D. Zani  M. Magri 《Equine Veterinary Education》2013,25(4):184-188

A common feature of colic in horses is tympany in the large intestine and medical treatment of this condition can be unsuccessful. In this article we describe and evaluate a new approach for decompression of large intestinal tympany in equine colic patients using transrectal puncture. We evaluated horses showing colic symptoms and colonic or caecal tympany and the final diagnosis, complications and final outcome were recorded for each horse. A special transrectal decompression device (TDD) was developed and used to perform transrectal decompression (TD) by gas aspiration. In order to assess pain reduction as a result of TD, heart rate (HR) was recorded before and after the decompression procedure. Twenty‐five horses were included in the study. In 17 cases, tympany was recognised as primary in origin while in 8 it was secondary to other conditions. A total of 33 TDs were performed and no horses developed short‐ or long‐term complications. All horses were alive after the first month post TD, while 5 died from diseases not related to TD. The TD could safely and easily be performed in all horses presenting tympany. Transrectal decompression can easily be performed, 2 or even 3 times to treat a single colic episode by using the transrectal device connected to a surgical aspirator. It was not possible from available information to relate the timing of HR decrease to resolution of colic or to administration of drugs because a retrospective study and all such data were not readily accessible. Our clinical results support the relevance of the TD as an elective treatment of primary large intestinal tympany, emergency treatment of tympany secondary to other surgical entities and as palliative treatment in surgical patients, in which surgery could not be achieved.  相似文献   

Cellular composition of granulomatous lesions in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of goats during the first year after experimental infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis     

《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2015,163(1-2):33-45

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes lesions in naturally and experimentally infected ruminants which greatly differ in severity, cellular composition and number of mycobacteria. Morphologically distinct lesions are already found during the clinically inapparent phase of infection. The complex local host response and number of MAP were characterized at the initial sites of lesions, organized gut-associated lymphoid tissue, in experimentally infected goats. Tissues were collected at 3, 6, 9 and 12 month post-inoculation (mpi) from goat kids that had orally received 10 times 10 mg of bacterial wet mass of MAP (JII-1961). The cellular composition of lesions in Peyer's patches in the jejunum and next to the ileocecal valve was evaluated in 21 MAP-inoculated goats, where lesions were compared with unaltered tissue of six control goats. CD68⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, γδ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and plasma cells, MHC class II⁺ and CD25⁺ cells were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in serial cryostat sections.At 3 mpi, extensive granulomatous infiltrates predominated, consisting of numerous epitheloid cells admixed with many CD4 and γδ T lymphocytes. Only single MAP were detected. This indicates a strong cellular immune reaction able to control MAP infection. γδ T lymphocytes were markedly increased in this type of lesion which may reflect their important role early in the pathogenesis of paratuberculosis. At 9 and 12 mpi, divergent lesions were observed which may reflect different outcomes of host–pathogen interactions. In five goats, minimal granulomatous lesions were surrounded by extensive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates and no MAP were detected by immunohistochemistry. This was interpreted as effective host response that was able to eliminate MAP locally. In three goats, decreased numbers of lymphocytes, but extensive granulomatous infiltrates with numerous epitheloid cells containing increased numbers of mycobacteria were seen. This shift of the immune response resulted in uncontrolled mycobacterial multiplication. Focal and multifocal circumscribed granulomatous infiltrates of mainly epitheloid cells may represent sites of new infection, since they were observed in goats at all times after inoculation. Their presence in goats with minimal granulomatous lesions surrounded by extensive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates may indicate that despite the local clearance, the infection may be perpetuated.The complex cellular immune reactions postulated for the pathogenesis of paratuberculosis were demonstrated at the local sites of infection. These early host–pathogen interactions are most likely essential for the eventual outcome of the MAP infection.  相似文献   

Modifications of azoxymethane-induced carcinogenesis and 90-day oral toxicities of 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone as a radiolytic product of stearic acid in F344 rats     

Makoto Sato  Setsuko Todoriki  Tetsuyuki Takahashi  Ezar Hafez  Chie Takasu  Hisanori Uehara  Kohji Yamakage  Takashi Kondo  Kozo Matsumoto  Masakazu Furuta  Keisuke Izumi 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2015,28(2):99-107

A 90-day oral toxicity test in rats was performed to evaluate the toxicity of 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (2-tDCB), a unique radiolytic product of stearic acid. Six-week-old male and female F344 rats (n=15/group) were given 2-tDCB at concentrations of 0, 12, 60 and 300 ppm in a powder diet for 13 weeks. Slight dose-dependent increases in serum total protein and albumin in male rats were found, but these changes were not considered to be a toxic effect. The fasting, but not non-fasting, blood glucose levels of the male rats in the 300 ppm group and female rats in the 60 and 300 ppm groups were lower than those of the controls. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed dose-dependent accumulation of 2-tDCB in adipose tissue, notably in males. Next, we performed an azoxymethane (AOM)-induced two-stage carcinogenesis study. After injection of 6-week-old male F344 rats (n=30/group) once a week for 3 weeks, the animals received 2-tDCB at concentrations of 0, 10, 50 and 250 ppm in a powder diet for 25 weeks. The incidences of colon tumors for the 2-tDCB dosages were 34%, 45%, 40% and 37%, respectively, and were not statistically significant. These data suggest that 2-tDCB shows no toxic or tumor-modifying effects under the present conditions, and that the no-observed-adverse-effect level for 2-tDCB is 300 ppm in both sexes, equivalent to 15.5 mg/kg b.w./day in males and 16.5 mg/kg b.w./day in females.  相似文献   

RADIOGRAPHIC DIAMETER OF THE COLON IN NORMAL AND CONSTIPATED CATS AND IN CATS WITH MEGACOLON     

TIM TREVAIL  DANIELLE GUNN‐MOORE  INÉS CARRERA  EMILY COURCIER  MARTIN SULLIVAN 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2011,52(5):516-520

Radiographs of 50 cats with no history of gastrointestinal disease were evaluated to establish a normal reference range for radiographic diameter of the feline colon. Thirteen cats with constipation and 26 with megacolon were also evaluated and compared with the normal cats to characterize the accuracy of the reference range and to identify a cutoff to distinguish constipation from megacolon. A ratio of maximal diameter of the colon to L5 length was the most repeatable and accurate measurement. A ratio <1.28 is a strong indicator of a normal colon (sensitivity 96%, specificity 87%). A value >1.48 is a good indicator of megacolon (sensitivity 77%, specificity 85%).  相似文献   

Risk factors for large colon volvulus in the UK     

J. M. Suthers  G. L. Pinchbeck  C. J. Proudman  D. C. Archer 《Equine veterinary journal》2013,45(5):558-563

  相似文献   

大肠息肉癌变的内镜诊断及病理分析   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

刘舒颖  王菊岩 《湛江医学院学报》2003,21(1):33-35

目的：分析大肠息肉癌变的分布、大小、形态、病理特征及寻求息肉癌变的早期诊断、防治的方法。方法：回顾性分析经内镜诊断的68例（71个）大肠息内癌变的内镜、病理与临床资料。结果：1660例（2540个）大肠息肉中有68例（71个）癌变，癌变率为4．10％，左半结肠息肉癌变69个，占息肉癌变总数的97.18%。绒毛状腺瘤、混合腺瘤癌变率较高（分别为56．76％、14．71％），管状腺瘤癌变率较低（为4．17％）。息肉直径＞2.0cm者癌变率为37.40%，息肉直径1.0-2.0cm者癌变率为4.64%，息肉直径＜1cm者癌变率为0.43%，息肉直径＞2.0cm者癌变率明显高于2.0cm以下者。广基息肉癌变率10.08%。结论：左半结肠息肉、宽基息肉、直径＞2.0cm息肉、绒毛状腺瘤容易癌变。大肠息肉不论大小应尽可能予以切除，全瘤送检。内镜切除大肠息肉可预防息肉癌变。  相似文献   

苜蓿草粉和黄酮对断奶仔猪结肠微生物区系的影响     

曲根  刘建宇  郭志鹏  王苗利  管永卓  张靖雪  郭玉霞  严学兵  张明 《草业学报》2019,28(6):175-184

本试验旨在研究苜蓿草粉和苜蓿黄酮对断奶仔猪结肠微生物区系的影响。选取平均体重为(8.1±0.5) kg和胎次相近的(35±1)日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪120头,随机分成5组(每组3个重复,每个重复8头猪):对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别添加1(Ⅰ组)、2(Ⅱ组)、4(Ⅲ组)g·kg^-1的苜蓿黄酮和50 g·kg^-1的苜蓿草粉(Ⅳ组);预试验期3 d,正式试验期32 d。试验采集的结肠内容物,提取总DNA后在Illumina Miseq平台进行测序。结果表明:1)5个组共产生了484个操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTUs),其中共享327个OTU,占总OTU数量的67.56%,其中Ⅰ组的OTU数量最高。2)物种丰富度ACE指数(community richness the ACE estimator,ACE)呈先上升再下降再上升趋势,其中Ⅰ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);物种丰富度Chao指数(community richness the Chao estimator,Chao)呈先上升再下降再上升趋势,其中Ⅰ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅳ组的Sobs(the observed richness,Sobs)、ACE、Chao指数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。各组之间的Shannon指数和Simpson指数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)在门水平上,各组间厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度均无显著差异(P>0.05)。在属水平上,各组间梭菌属相对丰度有升高的趋势(P>0.05),其中Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组梭菌属相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅱ组粪球菌属相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。各组间真细菌属相对丰度有升高的趋势(P>0.05),其中Ⅱ组真细菌属相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各组间Anaerotruncus相对丰度有显著差异(P<0.05),其中Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各组间NC2004相对丰度有差异(P>0.05),其中Ⅲ组NC2004相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。各组间UCG-014、Erysipelotrichaceae和胃球菌属相对丰度有显著差异(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉和苜蓿黄酮能够改变结肠微生物细菌组成和结构,进而影响营养物质的消化代谢。  相似文献