Cellular composition of granulomatous lesions in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of goats during the first year after experimental infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis     

《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2015,163(1-2):33-45

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes lesions in naturally and experimentally infected ruminants which greatly differ in severity, cellular composition and number of mycobacteria. Morphologically distinct lesions are already found during the clinically inapparent phase of infection. The complex local host response and number of MAP were characterized at the initial sites of lesions, organized gut-associated lymphoid tissue, in experimentally infected goats. Tissues were collected at 3, 6, 9 and 12 month post-inoculation (mpi) from goat kids that had orally received 10 times 10 mg of bacterial wet mass of MAP (JII-1961). The cellular composition of lesions in Peyer's patches in the jejunum and next to the ileocecal valve was evaluated in 21 MAP-inoculated goats, where lesions were compared with unaltered tissue of six control goats. CD68⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, γδ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and plasma cells, MHC class II⁺ and CD25⁺ cells were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in serial cryostat sections.At 3 mpi, extensive granulomatous infiltrates predominated, consisting of numerous epitheloid cells admixed with many CD4 and γδ T lymphocytes. Only single MAP were detected. This indicates a strong cellular immune reaction able to control MAP infection. γδ T lymphocytes were markedly increased in this type of lesion which may reflect their important role early in the pathogenesis of paratuberculosis. At 9 and 12 mpi, divergent lesions were observed which may reflect different outcomes of host–pathogen interactions. In five goats, minimal granulomatous lesions were surrounded by extensive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates and no MAP were detected by immunohistochemistry. This was interpreted as effective host response that was able to eliminate MAP locally. In three goats, decreased numbers of lymphocytes, but extensive granulomatous infiltrates with numerous epitheloid cells containing increased numbers of mycobacteria were seen. This shift of the immune response resulted in uncontrolled mycobacterial multiplication. Focal and multifocal circumscribed granulomatous infiltrates of mainly epitheloid cells may represent sites of new infection, since they were observed in goats at all times after inoculation. Their presence in goats with minimal granulomatous lesions surrounded by extensive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates may indicate that despite the local clearance, the infection may be perpetuated.The complex cellular immune reactions postulated for the pathogenesis of paratuberculosis were demonstrated at the local sites of infection. These early host–pathogen interactions are most likely essential for the eventual outcome of the MAP infection.  相似文献   

Modifications of azoxymethane-induced carcinogenesis and 90-day oral toxicities of 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone as a radiolytic product of stearic acid in F344 rats     

Makoto Sato  Setsuko Todoriki  Tetsuyuki Takahashi  Ezar Hafez  Chie Takasu  Hisanori Uehara  Kohji Yamakage  Takashi Kondo  Kozo Matsumoto  Masakazu Furuta  Keisuke Izumi 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2015,28(2):99-107

A 90-day oral toxicity test in rats was performed to evaluate the toxicity of 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (2-tDCB), a unique radiolytic product of stearic acid. Six-week-old male and female F344 rats (n=15/group) were given 2-tDCB at concentrations of 0, 12, 60 and 300 ppm in a powder diet for 13 weeks. Slight dose-dependent increases in serum total protein and albumin in male rats were found, but these changes were not considered to be a toxic effect. The fasting, but not non-fasting, blood glucose levels of the male rats in the 300 ppm group and female rats in the 60 and 300 ppm groups were lower than those of the controls. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed dose-dependent accumulation of 2-tDCB in adipose tissue, notably in males. Next, we performed an azoxymethane (AOM)-induced two-stage carcinogenesis study. After injection of 6-week-old male F344 rats (n=30/group) once a week for 3 weeks, the animals received 2-tDCB at concentrations of 0, 10, 50 and 250 ppm in a powder diet for 25 weeks. The incidences of colon tumors for the 2-tDCB dosages were 34%, 45%, 40% and 37%, respectively, and were not statistically significant. These data suggest that 2-tDCB shows no toxic or tumor-modifying effects under the present conditions, and that the no-observed-adverse-effect level for 2-tDCB is 300 ppm in both sexes, equivalent to 15.5 mg/kg b.w./day in males and 16.5 mg/kg b.w./day in females.  相似文献   

Activation of p53 with Ilimaquinone and Ethylsmenoquinone,Marine Sponge Metabolites,Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in Colon Cancer Cells     

Hyun-Young Lee  Kyu Jin Chung  In Hyun Hwang  Jungsuk Gwak  Seoyoung Park  Bong Gun Ju  Eunju Yun  Dong-Eun Kim  Young-Hwa Chung  MinKyun Na  Gyu-Yong Song  Sangtaek Oh 《Marine drugs》2015,13(1):543-557

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蛋鸡大肠杆菌病的诊断     

罗卫星  周思旋  王春华  朱时杰 《贵州农业科学》2009,37(11)

为了对蛋鸡大肠杆菌病进行准确诊断,对某蛋鸡养殖场蛋鸡发生的疑似鸡大肠杆菌病进行了流行病学调查、病理剖检观察和细菌分离鉴定.结果表明:83.33%(5/6)为革兰氏阴性杆菌,生化试验鉴定为大肠杆菌,常见抗菌素药物敏感试验该菌对盐酸沙拉沙星和氨苄西林钠比较敏感.建议选用敏感药物治疗蛋鸡大肠杆菌病.  相似文献   

益生菌益生特性的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

刘晗璐  李光玉  孙伟丽 《中国畜牧兽医》2010,37(2):166-168

近年来,对乳酸菌等益生菌的研究越来越深入。由最新的研究结果可知,益生菌的益生特性正在逐渐被人们所了解。作者通过总结近年来公开发表的一些研究结果,就益生菌对不同类型肠炎的抑制作用,对营养物质的吸收,对胆固醇的降解机理,对结肠癌的抑制作用,以及益生菌在应用方面的种属特异性作了简单介绍,并对今后可能的发展方向作了简单分析。  相似文献   

Use of ultrasound to evaluate outcome following colic surgery for equine large colon volvulus     

M. K. SHEATS  V. L. COOK  S. L. JONES  A. T. BLIKSLAGER  A. P. PEASE 《Equine veterinary journal》2010,42(1):47-52

Reasons for performing study: The post operative response of the large colon wall after a surgically corrected large colon volvulus (LCV) has not been investigated. Objectives: To use transabdominal ultrasound to monitor the post operative change in large colon wall thickness following surgical correction of LCV. Hypothesis: A prolonged period to colon wall involution is correlated with an increased rate of post operative morbidity and mortality. Methods: A prospective clinical study including horses that presented to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for colic between September 2006 and March, 2008, had surgically diagnosed and corrected LCV (at least 360°) without resection and recovered from anaesthesia. Ultrasound of the ventral large colon was performed at the time of anaesthetic recovery and every 6–8 h until the colon wall returned to normal thickness (≤5 mm). Outcome was evaluated using a one‐way ANOVA to compare average time to colon wall involution between: 1) survivors and nonsurvivors; and 2) horses that developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) during the post operative period and those that recovered without evidence of MODS. Results: Sixteen horses that recovered without evidence of MODS had a significantly shorter period to colon wall involution (≤5 mm) compared to those diagnosed with MODS (mean ± s.e. 19.6 h ± 2.5 and 39.7 h ± 6.7 respectively, P = 0.006). There was no significant difference in mean period to colon wall involution between survivors and nonsurvivors (26.2 ± 4.9 and 33.2 ± 7.8 h, respectively). Conclusions: A shorter time to colon wall involution was associated with decreased post operative morbidity in horses presented for surgical correction of large colon volvulus without resection. Potential relevance: Ultrasonographic monitoring of colon wall involution after surgical correction of LCV may aid in identifying those cases at risk of MODS. Further investigation of colon wall involution time using a larger number of horses is warranted.  相似文献   

Diagnosis,management and prognosis of large colon impactions     

R. Reid Hanson  J. Schumacher 《Equine Veterinary Education》2021,33(2):90-101

The majority of large colon feed impactions occur in the left ventral colon at the pelvic flexure. Sand and enterolith impactions most commonly occur in the left ventral colon at the pelvic flexure or in the right dorsal colon; however, sand can accumulate anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. Enteral fluid therapy can, in most cases, supplement or even replace i.v. administration of fluids and it appears effective and safe to soften large colon contents and resolve simple large colon impactions. Surgical intervention is indicated when a concurrent displacement is suspected, as lengthy medical treatment of large colon impaction secondary to large colon displacements would not be indicated and may increase the risk of colonic rupture. Other indications for surgical intervention include uncontrollable pain, when cardiovascular parameters deteriorate, or when there is evidence of intestinal devitalisation. The prognosis for horses undergoing large colon enterotomy is dependent on the extent and type of impaction, but is generally excellent.  相似文献   

Standing flank laparotomy for the treatment of small colon impactions in 15 ponies and one horse     

E. W. Herbert  M. A. F. Lopes  G. Kelmer 《Equine Veterinary Education》2021,33(2):e51-e56

Impactions are the most common problem affecting the small colon in horses and are much more prevalent in ponies and miniature horses. Ventral midline laparotomy under general anaesthesia is the standard of care for this condition when medical management fails to resolve the impaction or when the impaction causes complete intraluminal obstruction and tympany. This case series reports the use of standing flank laparotomy (SFL) in 15 ponies with focal small colon impactions and one large breed horse with an elongated small colon impaction. All cases presented with signs of colic of 1–4 days' duration. The horses were initially vigorously treated with both enteral and parental fluids but failed to pass faeces, with no resolution of abdominal distention or pain. In all cases, a definitive diagnosis was made during SFL and the small colon appeared to be viable. The impaction was resolved by extraluminal massage. In the horse and in one pony, in addition to extraluminal massage, high enema was administered during surgery. Routine perioperative treatment with fluids, analgesics, antimicrobials and wound care was provided. All animals survived to discharge. The time from surgical resolution of the impaction to passing faeces was less than 2 h in all but one case. Median duration of hospitalisation was 2 days and all animals returned to their original use by 2 months. The encouraging results of this case series suggest that SFL is a viable alternative to ventral laparotomy for ponies and horses with either focal SCI or extensive SCI.  相似文献   

家兔大结肠及三焦俞穴区传入神经元的节段性分布——HRP、CT-HRP法研究     

于庆明  何明伍  武世珍 《中国兽医学报》1988,(1)

选用健康家兔31只,分组用HRP和CT—HRP法研究了家兔大结肠及三焦俞穴区传入神经元的节段性分布。结果:大结肠传入神经元胞体弥散性分布于双侧T_2～Co_1脊神经节和左、右迷走神经结状节内,脊神经节的标记细胞主要集中于T_(12)～L_4,高峰节段为L_1和L_2,L_7～S_1段为少标记或无标记细胞区;从标记细胞的数量看,大结肠的神经传入途径以伴随交感神经传入为主,随副交感神经传入的纤维以迷走神经传入途径为主;脊神经节内的标记细胞多为圆形或椭圆形,以中、小型细胞为主,大型细胞较少。迷走神经结状节内的标记细胞均为中、小型细胞,以小型细胞为多;三焦俞穴区传入神经元胞体位于T_8～L_4脊神经节内,多集中于T_11～L_3,其传入纤维投射到T_11～L_3,段脊髓的第Ⅰ～Ⅳ层,以Ⅱ、Ⅲ层最为密集;大结肠与三焦俞穴区传入神经元胞体在T_8～L_4脊神经节内重合,其主峰值范围基本一致。  相似文献