Growth performance of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) fed with lyophilized bovine colostrum          下载免费PDF全文

Raul Machado‐Neto  Debora Botequio Moretti  Wiolene Montanari Nordi  Thaline Maira Pachelli da Cruz  José Eurico Possebon Cyrino 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(11):3551-3557

Growth performance was evaluated in juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) fed diets containing 0%, 10% and 20% of lyophilized bovine colostrum for 60 days. The performance variables of weight gain, relative weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, total protein intake and protein efficiency ratio were evaluated as well as apparent digestibility coefficients of protein and energy in the diets. Inclusion of bovine colostrum did not induce differences in the performance of pacu and dourado (P > 0.05), indicating that the diets were adequate and met the nutritional needs of the juveniles. The protein digestibility in both species was improved with the inclusion of the bovine lacteal secretion. Based on the variables studied, the diets with lyophilized bovine colostrum inclusion were nutritionally suitable for both pacu and dourado indicating the possibility to use this lacteal secretion as a partial substitute of dietary protein.  相似文献   

牛初乳与牛常乳中乳脂肪球膜蛋白质的组成及功能的对比研究     

乌兰君  杨梅  王满霞  米书慧  吴永锋  武俊瑞  乌日娜  刘彪  岳喜庆 《乳业科学与技术》2016,39(5):7-12

利用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis,SDS-PAGE)将牛初乳与牛常乳中乳脂肪球膜蛋白质的组成部分进行分离鉴定,发现牛初乳与牛常乳中乳脂肪球膜蛋白质的组成存在较大的差异,且在牛初乳中鉴定出628种乳脂肪球膜蛋白质,牛常乳中鉴定出487种乳脂肪球膜蛋白质.由基因本体(gene ontology,GO)功能注释分析发现,在生物过程中生物调控作用是牛初乳和牛常乳中乳脂肪球膜的主要生物过程.在分子功能上,牛初乳的乳脂肪球膜蛋白质的绑定作用大于牛常乳.在细胞组成上,牛初乳乳脂肪球膜蛋白质参与细胞外区域远远大于牛常乳.通过京都基因与基因组百科全书系统(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)代谢通路分析可知,牛初乳和牛常乳乳脂肪球膜蛋白质参与的代谢途径不同,表明牛初乳在日后的生产加工中更具有利用价值.  相似文献   

Effects of oral administration of colostrum whey in peripartum goat on antimicrobial peptides in postpartum milk     

Naoki Isobe  Shoko Matsukawa  Kota Kubo  Kazutoshi Ueno  Toshihisa Sugino  Takahiro Nii  Yukinori Yoshimura 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

The present study was conducted to examine whether colostrum supplementation in peripartum goats increases the antimicrobial peptides in their milk. Goats were orally administered 2 ml of colostrum whey products (colostrum group) or water (control group) daily, from 2 weeks before until 2 weeks after kidding. Body weights of mothers and kids were measured. Blood, milk, and fecal samples were collected from the mothers, and blood samples were collected from the kids. Concentrations of milk antimicrobial peptides (beta‐defensin, cathelicidin, lactoferrin, S100A7, lactoperoxidase, and immunoglobulin A [IgA]) were determined. IgA and nutritional parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ketone bodies, and non‐esterified fatty acids) were also determined in the blood of mothers and kids. Milk IgA and lactoferrin concentrations were higher in the colostrum group than in the control group. Conversely, lower milk concentrations of S100A7 were observed in the colostrum group than that in the control group. Plasma IgA concentrations were higher for kids from the colostrum group than for those from the control group. These results suggest that oral administration of colostrum in pregnant goats increases IgA concentration in postpartum milk, which can subsequently improve the health of their kids.  相似文献   

Effects of β‐carotene‐enriched dry carrots on β‐carotene status and colostral immunoglobulin in β‐carotene‐deficient Japanese Black cows          下载免费PDF全文

Yoshitaka Nishijima  Saya Taniguchi  Shuntaro Ikeda  Kenichi Yoshitani  Takashi Hamano  Hiroshi Tani  Masahiko Fujita  Kenji Murakami  Keisuke Kogusa  Kenji Sato  Miki Sugimoto  Shinichi Kume 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(4):653-658

Data from 18 β‐carotene‐deficient Japanese Black cows were collected to clarify the effects of feeding β‐carotene‐enriched dry carrots on β‐carotene status and colostral immunoglobulin (Ig) in cows. Cows were assigned to control or carrot groups from 3 weeks before the expected calving date to parturition, and supplemental β‐carotene from dry carrots was 138 mg/day in the carrot group. Plasma β‐carotene concentrations in the control and carrot groups at parturition were 95 and 120 μg/dL, and feeding dry carrots slightly improved plasma β‐carotene at parturition. Feeding dry carrots increased colostral IgA concentrations in cows and tended to increase colostral IgG₁, but colostral IgM, IgG₂, β‐carotene and vitamin A were not affected by the treatment. Feeding dry carrots had no effects on plasma IgG₁, IgA and IgM concentrations in cows, but plasma IgG₁ concentrations decreased rapidly from 3 weeks before the expected calving date to parturition. These results indicate that feeding β‐carotene‐enriched dry carrots is effective to enhance colostral IgA and IgG₁ concentrations in β‐carotene‐deficient cows.  相似文献   

Studies of Enteric Pathogens and γ-Globulin Levels of Neonatal Calves in Sweden     

S. Viring  S.-O. Olsson  S. Alenius  U. Emanuelsson  S.-O. Jacobsson  B. Larsson  N. Linde  A. Uggla 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1993,34(3):271

Viring, S., S.-O. Olsson, S. Alenius, U. Emanuelsson, S.-O. Jacobsson, B. Larsson, N. Linde and A. Uggla: Studies of enteric pathogens and γ-globulin levels of neonatal calves in Sweden. Acta vet. scand. 1993, 34, 271-279.– Faecal and blood samples were taken from 10-30% of calves, 36 hours to 14 days old, in 47 dairy herds in different regions of Sweden from September 1987 to October 1988 (Olsson et al 1993). Faecal samples from 279 calves were analysed for the presence of Escherichia coli (K99⁺), rotavirus and Cryptosporidium sp. Twenty (7.2%) of these samples were from diarrhoeic calves. An ELISA was developed and used for the rotavirus analysis. E. coli K99⁺ was detected in 11.5%, Cryptosporidium sp. in 6.1% and rotavirus in 5.4% of the faecal samples. The presence of rotavirus alone and the combination rotavirus and E. coli (K99⁺) was found to be associated with diarrhoea (p<0.001 and p<0.01 respectively).Blood samples from 327 calves were analysed for the level of total protein and γ-globulin. In 43 of these samples (13%) γ-globulin did not separate from the ß₂-region by electrophoresis. The mean total protein concentration was 53.6 g/1 in calves free from diarrhoea. The mean γ-globulin concentration, adjusted to 7 days age was 5.9 g/1. The 20 diarrhoeic calves had lower levels of both total protein and γ-globulin, compared with calves without diarrhoea, but the difference was not significant. One litre more of colostrum at the first feed increased the level of total protein of the calves’ sera by 1.4 g/1 (p = 0.05). Calves born between May and September had a 2.0 g/1 higher (p<0.001) serum concentration of γ-globulin than calves born between October and April.  相似文献   

Vaccination of pregnant cows with K99 antigen of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and protection by colostrum in newborn calves     

C. Valente  G. Fruganti  B. Tesei  A. Ciorba  P. Cardaras  A. Floris  E. Bordoni 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1988,11(3-4):189-198

The immune response to the K99 was tested in 45 pregnant cows, subcutaneously vaccinated, for protecting the newborn calves. Serological tests were performed in the blood sera of all animals and in the milk and colostrum sera; hemogram, inhibition of the adhesion to the brush border and histological tests were performed. The calves from vaccinated cows survived the experimental infection after the suction of colostrum in spite of the fact that the calves from control dams died with diarrhea.  相似文献   

围产期低能饲粮添加过瘤胃赖氨酸对初乳质量、断奶前犊牛生长性能的影响     

蒋青荣  DELELESSE Debele Girma  顾鲲涛  杜超  马露  吴鹏  王建平  卜登攀 《动物营养学报》2019,31(7):3164-3173

本试验旨在研究围产期低能饲粮添加过瘤胃赖氨酸(RPL)对初乳质量、断奶前犊牛生长性能和瘤胃发酵的影响。试验采用2×2析因试验设计,即能量(产奶净能)水平设为6.40、5.73 M J/kg DM和RPL添加水平设为0、40 g/(d·头)。选取体况和预产期相近的52头第3胎荷斯坦奶牛,分为4组,分别为基础饲粮(B)组、低能饲粮(L)组、基础饲粮+RPL(BL)组和低能饲粮+RPL(LL)组,每组13头牛。试验从预产期前21天至产后犊牛断奶结束。奶牛产后第1次泌乳时采集初乳,测定初乳中总固形物、蛋白质、脂肪和乳糖、免疫球蛋白(Ig) G、IgM和IgA含量;犊牛出生当天(1日龄)、60日龄测定体重和体尺;犊牛60日龄采集瘤胃液,测定pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度。结果表明:1)围产期低能饲粮显著降低了初乳总固形物、乳糖和IgM含量(P<0.05);围产母牛饲粮添加RPL对初乳乳糖含量有提高的趋势(P=0.068 2),对其他初乳指标无显著影响(P> 0.05)。2)围产期低能饲粮显著降低了母犊60日龄体重、体高、体斜长和胸围(P<0.05),显著降低了公犊60日龄体斜长和初生胸围(P<0.05)。围产母牛饲粮添加RPL有降低公犊60日龄体重的趋势(P=0.073 0)。3)围产期低能饲粮显著降低了母犊初生体躯指数(P<0.05),对母犊60日龄体躯指数有升高的趋势(P=0.059 6),对公犊初生体躯指数有降低的趋势(P=0.099 1),提高了公犊60日龄体躯指数(P<0.05),降低了公犊60日龄体长指数(P<0.05)。围产母牛饲粮添加RPL对公、母犊体尺指数没有显著影响(P>0.05)。4)围产期低能饲粮显著降低了犊牛瘤胃液中总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸浓度(P<0.05)。围产母牛饲粮添加RPL对犊牛瘤胃发酵指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。5)围产母牛饲粮能量水平与添加RPL对奶牛初乳质量指标、断奶前犊牛体重、体尺指标、体尺指数和瘤胃发酵指标均不存在交互作用(P>0.05)。综上所述,围产期低能饲粮降低了奶牛初乳质量、断奶前犊牛体重、体尺及体尺指数和瘤胃发酵指标;围产期母牛饲粮添加RPL对奶牛初乳质量和断奶前犊牛体重、体尺及体尺指数和瘤胃发酵无不利影响;围产期低能饲粮中添加RPL并不能替代正常标准能量水平饲粮。  相似文献   

Effect of the diets with pumpkin silage and synthetic β‐carotene on the carotenoid,immunoglobulin and bioactive protein content and fatty acid composition of colostrum     

Gabriela Halik  Andrzej &#x;ozicki  Agata Koziorz&#x;bska  Ewa Arkuszewska  Kamila Puppel 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(1):1-7

Forty Simmental cows were divided into four groups with 10 per group to investigate the effect of a transition diet supplemented with synthetic β‐carotene and natural carotenoid‐rich feed (pumpkin silage) on chemical composition of the colostrum. The control group (I) was fed grass and maize silage and supplemental concentrates, group II additionally received 400 mg/day/cow of synthetic β‐carotene, in group, III 40% DM of maize silage was replaced with pumpkin silage to increase β‐carotene intake by 400 mg in relation to group I, and in group IV 60% DM of maize silage was replaced with pumpkin silage without adjusting for β‐carotene. Colostrum was collected from the cows within 5 hr of calving to determine colostrum composition, the content of immunoglobulins and carotenoids, total antioxidant status (TAS), the content of some bioactive proteins and the composition of fatty acids. The study showed that the experimental diets had no effect on the gross composition of colostrum. The content of α‐carotene, β‐carotene and violaxanthin was significantly higher in group IV than in group I and that of lutein higher in group IV than in groups I and II. Total antioxidant status of colostrum in group IV was significantly higher than in group I. Groups III and IV were characterized by a higher concentration of immunoglobulin IgG in relation to group I. IgM level in groups II, III and IV was significantly higher than in group I and that in groups III and IV was also higher than in group II. The highest IgA concentration was observed in group IV and the lowest in group I. Lysozyme concentration was higher in group IV compared to groups I and II. The diets had no effect on the total content of SFA, MUFA and PUFA in colostrum.  相似文献   

The challenge of large litters on the immune system of the sow and the piglets     

Claudio Oliviero  Sami Junnikkala  Olli Peltoniemi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(Z3):12-21

The use of hyperprolific sow lines has increased litter size considerably in the last three decades. Nowadays, in some countries litters can reach up to 18–20 piglets being a major challenge for the sow's physiology during pregnancy, parturition and lactation. The increased number of piglets born per litter prolongs sensibly the duration of farrowing, decreases the piglets’ average weight at birth and their vitality, increases the competition for colostrum intake and can affect negatively piglets’ survival. This review aims to describe how large litters can affect the immune system of the sow and the piglets and proposes measures to improve this condition.  相似文献   

The impact of direct‐fed microbials and enzymes on the health and performance of dairy cows with emphasis on colostrum quality and serum immunoglobulin concentrations in calves          下载免费PDF全文

S. B. Ort  K. M. Aragona  C. E. Chapman  E. Shangraw  A. F. Brito  D. J. Schauff  P. S. Erickson 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):e641-e652

Thirty‐six cows were blocked by calving date and randomly assigned to one of three treatments. Cows were on treatments 3 weeks prepartum through 8 weeks post‐partum. Treatments were as follows: (i) no direct‐fed microbial (DFM) or cellulase and amylase enzymes (C), (ii) 45.4 g/day of DFM (D) or (iii) 45.4 g/day of DFM and 18.2 g/day of enzyme (DE). Total mixed ration fed and refused were measured daily to determine dry matter intake (DMI). Blood samples were taken three times weekly and analysed for β‐hydroxybutyrate, glucose and non‐esterified fatty acids. Body weight (BW) was measured weekly. Colostrum was weighed and analysed for IgA and IgG concentration. Calves were fed 4 L of colostrum within 2 hr of birth. Calf blood samples were taken at 0 and 24 hr for analysis of IgA and IgG concentrations and apparent efficiency of absorption. Milk yield was measured daily and samples collected weekly. Initial BW was different among treatments with D being lesser than C or DE treatments. Body weight, weight gain, efficiency of gain, DMI and blood parameters were unaffected. Treatment did not affect colostrum yield. Ash percentage of colostrum tended to increase with D and DE, while IgA and total solids yield decreased with D. Colostrum fat yield was decreased in D and DE. Treatments did not impact BW, serum IgA and IgG concentrations or apparent efficiency of absorption of calves. Post‐partum BW, DMI, blood parameters, milk production and composition were unaffected by treatment. However, cows on D gained more BW and tended to have greater efficiency of gain compared to those on DE, but were similar to C. Somatic cell scores were greatest for D. Results indicate that DFM and enzyme supplementation did not improve health and performance of dairy cattle during the pre‐ and post‐partum periods under conditions of this study.  相似文献