Effects of dietary soluble or insoluble fiber intake in late gestation on litter performance,milk composition,immune function,and redox status of sows around parturition     

Yang Liu  Nan Chen  Dan Li  Hua Li  Zhengfeng Fang  Yan Lin  Shengyu Xu  Bin Feng  Yong Zhuo  De Wu  Peter Kappel Theil  Lianqiang Che 《Journal of animal science》2020,98(10)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary soluble fiber (SF) or insoluble fiber (ISF) intake in late gestation on litter performance, milk composition, immune function, and redox status of sows around parturition. A total of 60 Yorkshire sows were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments: normal level of dietary fiber (CON, 16.16% dietary fiber with 1.78% soluble fiber and 14.38% insoluble fiber), high insoluble fiber (ISF, 30.12% dietary fiber with 2.97% soluble fiber and 27.15% insoluble fiber), and high soluble fiber (SF, 30.15% dietary fiber with 4.57% soluble fiber and 25.58% insoluble fiber). Digestible energy and crude protein intake were comparable among treatments via adjusting feed intake from day 90 of gestation to parturition. After parturition, all sows were fed the same lactation diet. Results showed that litter performance of sows was not markedly affected by maternal fiber intake. However, sows fed ISF or SF diet had increased concentration of plasma mmunoglobulin G at day 107 (P < 0.05) and parturition (P < 0.01), and the SF diet had a tendency to increase fat content in both colostrum and milk relative to the CON diet. Furthermore, sows fed ISF diet had increased glutathione peroxidase activity (P < 0.05) at day 107, but decreased the plasma level of malondialdehyde at parturition (P < 0.05). High maternal SF intake tended to decrease the number of weaned piglets due to the increased preweaning mortality, as compared with sows fed the ISF diet. In conclusion, high fiber intake in late gestation may improve immune function and redox status, but differentially influenced the milk composition and preweaning mortality.  相似文献   

Effects of 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation in maternal diets on reproductive performance and the expression of genes that regulate lactation in sows     

Kai Wang  Yun Chen  DeLong Zhang  RongGen Wang  ZhiHong Zhao  MeiYing Feng  HengXi Wei  Li Li  Shouquan Zhang 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

One hundred Yorkshire × Landrace sows were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments (diet ND: 6,000 IU vitamin D₃/d feed; diet 25‐D: 200 μg/day 25OHD₃ feed). The experiment began on d 90 of gestation and continued until weaning on day 21 of lactation. In sows that received 25OHD₃, the growth rate of the piglets before weaning was significantly accelerated (0.266 kg/day, p < .05). Sow serum was collected after weaning, and those in the 25OHD₃ group were found to have significantly higher serum calcium (CA) and phosphorus (PI) levels (p < .05). Interestingly, the oestrus cycle of sows fed 25OHD₃ was significantly shortened (p < .05), the oestrus time was concentrated on the fifth day after weaning, and the piglets were born with a higher degree of uniformity (p < .05). Colostrum was collected on the day of delivery, and the colostrum of sows fed 25OHD₃ contained higher milk fat content than the control group (p < .05). 25OHD₃ supplementation increased the mRNA and protein expression of INSIG1 and SREBP1, which regulate milk fat synthesis, in the mammary gland of lactating sows (p < .05). In conclusion, 25OHD₃ supplementation in maternal diets improved reproductive performance, milk fat content and the mRNA and protein levels of genes regulating milk fat synthesis in lactating sows.  相似文献   

Changes in the bovine whey proteome during the early lactation period     

Akitsugu SENDA  Kenji FUKUDA  Toshiaki ISHII  Tadasu URASHIMA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(5):698-706

To investigate time‐dependent change in the bovine whey proteome during the early lactation period, a two‐dimensional gel‐based approach was used in this study. Milk samples were collected from five healthy Friesian‐Holstein dairy cows up to 10 days postpartum. Spot patterns of whey proteins varied drastically from immediately after parturition to 48 h, but no significant changes occurred thereafter. Protein identification by mass spectrometry revealed that the ratios of caseins and immunoglobulins drastically decreased during 48 h postpartum, while those of lower molecular mass proteins such as α‐lactalbumin and β‐lactoglobulin increased. More than 100 spots were detected, being much more abundant in colostral whey than in mature milk whey. Of a total of 25 proteins identified, four, viz. zinc‐α‐2‐glycoprotein, vitamin D‐binding protein, immunoglobulin G2 chain C and β2‐microglobulin, were detectable only in colostrum. Our results indicate that most of the minor whey proteins in colostrum relate to the passive immunity of newborn calves, but some of them play significant roles in nutritional supplementation of the neonate. The characteristics of whey proteins in transition imply that enhancement of innate immunity becomes more important than protection of the neonate against pathogens via passive immunity after 48 h postpartum.  相似文献   

A Study on the Inhibitory Potency of Protease Inhibitors in Porcine Colostrum     

ZHOU Qi  HE Rui-guo  LI Xiang  LIAO Sheng-rong  Zhou wu  DU Jin-ping  KONG Ni-jia 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2003,2(7)

Porcine colostrum and milk were separated into the acid-soluble fraction (SF) and casein frac-tion (CF) by centrifuge. Trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory capacity in porcine colostrum, milk and theircomponents were determined by incubating bovine trypsin or chymotrypsin in a medium. The inhibition of in-sulin-like growth factor Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) degradation in pig small intestinal con-tents by porcine colostrum was measured by incubating iodinated IGF-Ⅰ or EGF. Degradation of labeled IGF-Ⅰor EGF was determined by monitoring the generation of radioactivity soluble in 30% trichloroacetic acid(TCA). The results showed that porcine colostrum had high levels of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory ac-tivity and increased the stability of IGF-Ⅰ and EGF in pig intestinal contents. The SF was higher in inhibitorypotency than CF. The present study revealed that the protease inhibitors in porcine colostrum, milk-derivedand colostrum-specific, existed mainly in SF.  相似文献   

Relationship between stress levels of the antepartum cow and her newborn calf     

Katsuji Uetake  Kiyoshi Akiyama  Toshio Tanaka 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(1):81-84

We investigated the relationship of the stress levels of the dam before and after delivery to that of her offspring soon after birth. Eight pregnant cows were penned 7 days before calving. Blood was taken from the jugular vein of cows at ?7, 1, 2 and 3 days from calving. Blood was also taken from newborn calves at 6 h and 1 and 2 days after birth. Concentrations of cortisol and immunoglobulin G in blood and colostrum were examined. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that the higher the plasma cortisol concentration of a cow before calving, the higher that of its calf after birth (all P < 0.01). In addition, path analysis demonstrated that the direct effect of the plasma cortisol concentration of the dam before calving on the plasma cortisol concentration of her calf after birth was 0.971 (P < 0.01). However, the colostrum cortisol concentration correlated with neither plasma cortisol concentrations of cows before calving nor that of calves after birth. Unlike cortisol, a clear correlation of immunoglobulin G concentrations in plasma and colostrum was not observed between cows and calves. The results indicate stress is transferred from a cow to her newborn calf not by way of the colostrum but through the placenta.  相似文献   

Does sward height grazed by ewes in mid- to late-pregnancy affect indices of colostrum intake by twin and triplet lambs?     

PR Kenyon  KJ Stafford  PCH Morel  ST Morris 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):336-339

AIMS: To determine if sward height grazed by ewes in mid- to late-pregnancy affects subsequent indices of colostrum intake by twin and triplet lambs, and the extent of the variation in colostrum intake between twin and triplet litter-mates.

METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 75 twin and 46 triplet litters, respectively, 24–36 h after birth. Samples were not collected from lambs that died before this age. Lambs were born to ewes which had grazed one of four sward heights (2, 4, 6 and 8 cm) during mid- to late-pregnancy. Serum samples were analysed for gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities and glucose concentrations. The number of lambs present at weaning was used to determine lamb survival rate.

RESULTS: GGT activities of lambs born to ewes that grazed swards 2 cm high were lower than those born to ewes that grazed swards 4 and 6 cm high (p=0.053 and p=0.037, respectively). Glucose concentrations were higher in twin than triplet lambs (p=0.003) and in lambs born to ewes grazed on swards 6 cm high than those born to ewes grazed on swards 2 cm high (p=0.033). These differences were not evident after correction for differences in birthweight. There was significant (p<0.001) variation within litter-mates for GGT activities and glucose concentrations in both twins and triplets. The blood constituent status of lambs that died before the 24–36 h collection period is not known. However, lambs which died after this period had significantly lower GGT activities (p=0.009) and glucose (p=0.010) concentrations at the time of sampling than those which survived.

CONCLUSIONS: Farmers should ensure twin- and tripletbearing ewes in mid- to late-pregnancy are grazing at least 4 cm of herbage to ensure colostrum intake of lambs in the postpartum period is not adversely affected.  相似文献   

Measurement of ferritin and anti‐ferritin autoantibodies in serum and colostrum of Holstein and Japanese Black cows     

Yoshiya Kanno  Hiromichi Ohtsuka  Yasunaga Yoshikawa  Kiyotaka Watanabe  Koichi Orino 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(7):556-561

Anti‐ferritin autoantibody is a ferritin‐binding protein commonly found in mammals; it is thought to form an immune complex with ferritin and thereby mediate the rapid clearance of circulating ferritin. The aim of this study is to determine concentrations of ferritin and anti‐ferritin autoantibodies (immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgG and IgA) in serum and colostrum of Holstein (H) and Japanese Black (JB) cows within 24 h of normal calving. Blood and colostrum samples were collected from cows of various ages (2–11 years) and calving number (1–8 live births). Mean ferritin concentrations were higher in colostrum than in serum for both breeds, and higher colostrum ferritin concentrations were found in H than JB cows. IgA antibodies in serum and colostrum from both breeds had negligible ferritin‐binding activity. For both breeds, IgM and IgG antibodies had higher ferritin‐binding activity in colostrum than in serum. There was a significant correlation between IgM and IgG ferritin‐binding activities in serum and colostrum of H and JB cows. These results suggest that ferritin and IgM and IgG autoantibodies are actively transferred from the blood stream to the colostrum at prepartum or early lactation.  相似文献   

Factors associated with colostrum immunoglobulin G concentration in northern‐Victorian dairy cows          下载免费PDF全文

AJ Phipps  DS Beggs  AJ Murray  PD Mansell  MF Pyman 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(7):237-243

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Effects of oral supplementation with β-carotene on concentrations of β-carotene, vitamin A and α-tocopherol in plasma, colostrum and milk of mares and plasma of their foals and on fertility in mares     

Kuhl J  Aurich JE  Wulf M  Hurtienne A  Schweigert FJ  Aurich C 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(3):376-384

In this study, effects of oral β-carotene supplementation to mares (β-carotene group: 1000 mg/day, n = 15; control group: n = 15) from 2 weeks before foaling until 6 weeks thereafter on concentrations of β-carotene, vitamin A and α-tocopherol in plasma, colostrum and milk and plasma of their foals were determined. In addition, effects on fertility were studied. Beta-carotene concentrations increased in plasma and colostrum of β-carotene-supplemented mares compared to control mares (p < 0.05). In mares of both groups, β-carotene concentrations were higher in colostrum than in milk (p < 0.05). In foals, β-carotene concentrations increased with colostrum uptake and were higher in foals born to supplemented mares (p < 0.05; control group: 0.0003 ± 0.0002 μg/ml on day 0, 0.008 ± 0.0023 μg/ml on day 1; β-carotene group: 0.0005 ± 0.0003 μg/ml on day 0, 0.048 ± 0.018 μg/ml on day 1). Concentrations of vitamin A and α-tocopherol were higher in colostrum than in milk (p < 0.05) but did not differ between groups. Concentration of α-tocopherol in plasma of mares decreased over time and in foals, increased markedly within 4 days after birth. All but one mare (control group) showed oestrus within 2 weeks post-partum. Occurrence of oestrus did not differ between groups. More mares of the control group (7/7 vs. 5/12 in the β-carotene group) became pregnant after being bred in first post-partum oestrus (p < 0.05). In conclusion, β-carotene supplementation to mares increased β-carotene concentrations in plasma, colostrum and milk of mares and plasma of their foals but had no positive effects on fertility.  相似文献   

Influence of dietary fat source on sow and litter performance,colostrum and milk fatty acid profile in late gestation and lactation          下载免费PDF全文

Yan Lin  Lianqiang Che  Caimei Wu  Shengyu Xu  Bin Feng  Jian Li  De Wu 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(11):1768-1778

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with various fat sources (3.8–3.9% of diet) during late pregnancy and lactation on the reproductive performance, fatty acids profile in colostrum, milk and serum of sow progeny. A total of 80 multiparous sows were randomly fed a control (adding no oil), palm oil (PO), fish oil (FO) or soybean oil (SO) supplemented diet from 90 days of pregnancy to weaning. Supplementation of FO increased litter size of weak piglets, compared with the control‐fed sows (P < 0.05). Dietary FO and SO supplementation, enhanced the weaning survival rate, litter weaning weight, litter weight gain and fat content in milk (P < 0.05). The highest immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM levels in colostrum and milk were observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the highest concentration of C22:5 (n‐3) and C22:6 (n‐3) in colostrum, milk and piglet serum was observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary inclusion of FO or SO improved growth performance of nursing piglets by increasing milk fat output, and FO consumption by sows might benefit the piglets via increasing n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid availability and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) secretion.  相似文献