The effect of micro-heterogeneity and capillary number on capillary pressure and relative permeability curves of soils   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

C.A. Aggelopoulos  C.D. Tsakiroglou 《Geoderma》2008,148(1):25-34

The determination of the two-phase flow coefficients (such as the capillary pressure, P_c, and relative permeabilities, k_rw, k_ro) is of a key importance to model the two-phase flow processes taking place during contaminant transport in subsurface. In the present work, transient immiscible displacement experiments are performed at various flow rates on long disturbed soil columns. The capillary pressure-saturation-relative permeability relationships of soils characterized by narrow and broad grain size distributions are estimated with inverse modeling from rate-controlled displacement experiments and are correlated with the grain size variability and ratio of viscous to capillary forces (capillary number). A soil core holder assembled with electrodes is constructed to monitor the axial distribution of water saturation. A new technique is developed to determine the water saturation averaged over successive segments of the soil column by measuring the transient responses of the electrical resistance between vertical ring electrodes. The transient responses of the average oil (water) saturation in five segments along with the total pressure drop across the soil column are introduced into an inverse modeling numerical solver of the macroscopic two-phase flow equations to estimate simultaneously the capillary pressure and relative permeability curves under dynamic conditions. The water and oil relative permeabilities increase drastically with the capillary number, while the capillary pressure curve of soils with broad grain (pore) size distribution is wider than that of soils with narrow grain (pore) size distribution. For soils with high variability of grain sizes, the irreducible wetting phase saturation is higher, the relative permeability curves are sharper and the end oil relative permeability is higher compared to soils with low variability of grain sizes.  相似文献   

铁改性油菜秸秆生物质炭对酸性茶园土壤氮磷淋失 及酶活性的影响     

钱婧  蔡青松  周肖瑜  黄显怀  华露露 《安徽农业大学学报》2023,50(4):664

生物质炭是一种具有前景的土壤改良剂,目前针对铁改性油菜秸秆生物质炭对茶园土壤养分淋失的研究相对较少。通过向茶园土壤中添加改性、未改性油菜秸秆生物质炭（炭土质量比分别为1 %、3 %和5 %）后开展土柱淋溶及土壤培养实验,研究铁改性或未改性油菜秸秆生物质炭作用于土壤养分淋失及酶活性（蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶）的变化规律,旨在分析和比较铁改性及未改性生物质炭对茶园土壤微生物活性及养分循环的影响。结果表明,添加生物质炭可增加茶园土壤的保水能力, 土壤水分累积淋溶量随生物质炭添加量的增加显著减少, 添加5 %的改性生物质炭（g3）及未改性生物质炭（w3）分别较未添加生物质炭的土壤（CK）减小7.70 %和16.98 %。g3处理对土壤硝态氮和磷酸盐的固持作用最为显著,淋失量较CK处理分别减少31.82 %和60.56 %。生物质炭对茶园土壤酶活性存在一定促进作用,但添加改性或未改性生物炭对土壤酶活性的影响存在明显差异。其中, w3中土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶分别显著高于其他处理14.85 %～25.10 %和19.00 %～48.98 %,添加3 %未改性生物质炭（w2）后,土壤过氧化氢酶活性高出其他处理2.14～29.33 μmol·h^-1·g^-1;g3处理对酸性磷酸酶促进作用最强。总的来说,未改性生物炭在增强茶园土壤持水能力及促进土壤酶活性方面要优于铁改性生物炭,而改性生物质炭对土壤氮磷养分的固持作用更为显著。因此,为改善茶园土壤质量,提高土壤肥力,应适量选取铁改性生物质炭。  相似文献   

氨基色谱柱测定蜂蜜中4种糖方法研究     

王桂云  苏庆  张伟  崔苏航 《蜜蜂杂志》2019,(6):9-11

《中国药典》(2015年)蜂蜜中规定:用Prevail Carbohyrate ES色谱柱,以乙腈-水(75:25)为流动相,示差折光检测器测定蜂蜜中的果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖及麦芽糖。此次试验证明用普通氨基色谱柱替代Prevail Carbohyrate ES色谱柱,待测组分与其他组分分离良好,精密度试验满足要求,回收率试验结果大于93%,结果准确、可靠,普通氨基柱可替代Prevail Carbohyrate ES色谱柱,用于蜂蜜中糖类物质的测定。  相似文献   

虾肉中氯霉素sol-gel柱显色快速检测技术研究     

吴穗勤  黄珊  高铖  孟辉 《中国畜牧兽医》2018,45(10):2894-2901

试验旨在建立灵敏、快速、特异的氯霉素（CAP）检测方法,基于免疫亲和色谱技术和酶联免疫技术,研究了一种新型快速检测虾肉中CAP的免疫亲和色谱柱（ICTC）检测方法。采用溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）法制备ICTC柱的检测层和控制层,优化检测层、控制层、酶标物（CAP-HRP）稀释度等条件,制备ICTC柱。测定ICTC柱的灵敏度、特异性等性能参数,并对虾肉样本前处理方法和基质干扰效应进行优化。本研究确定ICTC柱条件为：检测层,anti-CAP sol-gel：空白sol-gel为10：1 000（V/V）;控制层,anti-HRP sol-gel：空白sol-gel为13：1 000（V/V）;CAP-HRP的稀释度为1：10⁵。采用检测层消色法判定结果,检测时间10 min,PBS缓冲液中CAP的检测限为0.5 μg/L,该方法与甲砜霉素、氟苯尼考、氟苯尼考胺同类药物或代谢产物均无可见交叉反应,在虾肉样本中的检测限为0.75 μg/kg。本研究建立的ICTC柱检测方法快速、灵敏,使用方便,为现场快速检测虾肉中CAP残留提供了新的技术手段。  相似文献   

免疫亲和层析法纯化发酵液中的核糖基异戊烯基嘌呤     

马志超  陈正贤  徐幼平  吴建祥 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1998,(4)

用过碘酸钠氧化法交联核糖基异戊烯基嘌呤和卵清蛋白,并免疫Ｂａｌ．ｂ／ｃ小鼠．鼠脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合,经ＥＬＩＳＡ筛选获得抗核糖基异戊烯基嘌呤单克隆抗体．将活化的Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ６Ｂ与单克隆抗体交联制成免疫亲和色谱柱．发酵液经免疫亲和柱纯化后用高效液相色谱检测,其纯度极高．比较了不同洗脱条件对免疫亲和柱纯化的影响,认为利用免疫亲和柱纯化发酵液具有内源性杂质干扰少的优点,是生物样品预处理的一种有效方法．  相似文献   

Dispersion and migration of fine particles in two palygorskite‐containing soils of the Jordan Valley     

Alexander Neaman  Arieh Singer  Karl Stahr 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2000,163(5):537-547

Migration of different mineral particles within columns of soil‐sand mixtures containing 10 or 20 mass % of soil was investigated by establishing differences in the mineral suite between the ”︁bulk clay” and the ”︁mobile fine material” fractions. The ”︁bulk clay” fractions of all soils contained smectite, palygorskite, kaolinite, quartz, feldspar, and calcite. The soils were saturated with sodium by leaching with NaCl solution, and then leached with distilled water. Clay dispersion and particle migration occurred in the columns. Values of SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) of the effluent decreased with time due to carbonate dissolution. At a certain SAR value, the clays apparently formed aggregates, and as a consequence particle migration stopped in the column. In addition to clay‐sized particles (< 2 μm), very‐fine‐silt‐sized particles (2— 5 μm) were able to migrate in the soil‐sand mixtures, too, and to some extent fine‐silt‐sized particles (5—10 μm) as well. Average size of mobile particles decreases with increase of soil content in the soil‐sand mixtures. The mineralogical composition of the ”︁mobile fine material” changed during the experiment. At the beginning of the experiment, the ”︁mobile fine material” was enriched in the non‐phyllosilicates (especially in calcite, and in some cases in quartz, feldspar and dolomite) and contained low concentrations of phyllosilicates (smectite, palygorskite and kaolinite). At the end of the experiment, the proportion of non‐phyllosilicates decreased, and as a consequence, the proportion of phyllosilicates increased. Among the non‐phyllosilicates, calcite was the most mobile mineral. Among the phyllosilicates, palygorskite was preferentially mobilized in topsoil horizons. In subsoil horizons, on the other hand, kaolinite was preferentially mobilized. This difference was explained by the different nature of carbonates in the topsoil and subsoil horizons. Palygorskite is preferentially occluded within the soil carbonates of lacustrine origin over smectite and kaolinite. These carbonates are present mainly in the subsoil horizons. As a consequence, the presence of these carbonates in the subsoil horizons decreases the migration of mainly palygorskite.  相似文献   

腐殖酸强化脱硫石膏改良油污盐碱土壤的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王敏  刘永民 《灌溉排水学报》2010,29(2)

以腐殖酸为表面活性剂进行了脱硫石膏改良油污盐碱土壤的土柱实验,研究了不同洗盐条件下土壤渗透性能、电导率和pH值的变化规律。研究结果表明,油污显著影响脱硫石膏改良盐碱土壤的效果,淋洗前后油污土壤的碱化度仅从42.78%下降到37.72%;而加入腐殖酸表面活性剂后,油污盐碱土壤碱化度由42.78%下降到23.20%,淋出液电导率值显著增高,且pH值有所变化,证明加入腐殖酸表面活性剂可显著强化脱硫石膏改良油污盐碱土壤。  相似文献   

小叶女贞果实花青素组分鉴定及色谱纯化技术   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王二雷  陈晶晶  赵叶辉  刘静波 《农业工程学报》2016,32(4):302-308

为提高小叶女贞果实的食用、药用价值,该文系统研究了果实中花青素种类构成及提取物的制备技术。试验采用紫外可见光谱法、高效液相色谱-质谱串联法、酸水解制备苷元等技术对小叶女贞果实花青素含量、单体种类进行了测定,并借助提取、萃取、柱层析等技术研究了花青素提取物的分离纯化过程。研究结果如下:测得每100 g小叶女贞果实中含花青素总量为(499±18.42)mg,从中鉴定出2种花青素单体,分别为矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷和牵牛花色素-3-O-葡萄糖苷,并以后者为主要存在形式;获得了纯天然、简单易行的花青素提取物制备技术,主要包括酸化乙醇提取、乙酸乙脂萃取、Amberlite XAD-7HP大孔树脂层析分离步骤,最终制得的花青素提取物纯度为35%、得率为0.6%。该研究为后期制备高纯度牵牛花素-3-O-葡萄糖苷单体提供了良好原料基础,为深入研究小叶女贞果实花青素功能活性及其在食品、药品领域潜在应用提供了参考。  相似文献   

带约束拉杆钢管/竹胶板组合空芯短柱的偏心抗压性能   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵卫锋  谷伟  周靖  龙志林 《农业工程学报》2016,32(15):75-82

采用冷弯薄壁方型钢管和胶合竹板通过横向约束拉杆和结构胶黏剂复合成顺纹抗压的组合空芯短柱(thin-walled steel tube/bamboo-plywood composite hollow short column with binding bars,SBCCB),采用9个试件研究SBCCB试件的偏心抗压破坏模式、抗压承载力和影响规律。结果表明,SBCCB试件受压破坏形态主要为柱端开胶破坏、横向约束拉杆之间基体胶合界面开胶剥离破坏和胶合竹板局部压屈破坏;SBCCB抗压极限荷载随胶合竹净横截面积增大而提高,随着长细比和荷载偏心率的增大而降低,随空心率增大而增大;约束拉杆可有效延迟SBCCB的开胶剥离破坏,改变屈曲破坏模式,有助于试件抗压承载力的提高;相对于不带约束拉杆试件,SBCCB抗压极限应力提高约17.64%;局部翘曲随约束拉杆间距减小而减小,相对拉杆间距比3.0以下能确保较小的局部翘曲变形。薄壁钢管和胶合竹板能形成较好的复合抗压结构单元,该批试件平均值抗压强度达到18.54 MPa,展现了优异的抗压性能。SBCCB可作为绿色建筑材料广泛应用于现代装配式工程结构,同时拓展竹材的应用途径,实现"以竹代木,以竹代钢",具有很好的工程价值和应用前景。  相似文献   

整体柱承载形态对柯衣定SERS检测效果的影响     

徐燕英  余慧  谢云飞  成玉梁  郭亚辉  钱和  姚卫蓉 《安徽农业科学》2016,(4):20-23,129

[目的]针对食品中屡禁不止的违禁添加色素柯衣定,拟建立一种以整体柱为活性增强基底、适合大批量样品快速筛查的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)技术。[方法]在确定整体柱的合成后,以整体柱的柱状及其粉碎后的粉末为基底,优化金溶胶与样品的混合比例、体系p H、取样量和检测时间,分别建立柯衣定SERS检测方法。[结果]以整体柱的柱状及其粉碎后的粉末为基底分别建立柯衣定的SERS检测方法,其检测限分别为0.10和0.25μg/m L;在10.0μg/m L浓度下,柯衣定在整体柱柱状和粉状承载形态下获得的整体增强效果相近,1 138和1 171 cm~(-1)处峰位移在柱状SERS检测中的信号强度明显优于粉状SERS检测结果,且柱状的SERS信号更稳定。[结论]建议采用整体柱的柱状形态进行SERS检测,更具实用价值,有望应用于大批量样品进行快速筛查。  相似文献