Analysis on Competition from the View of Law and Economics and the Inspiration     

YUAN Wen-quan  GUAN Hui 《保鲜与加工》2007,(2):158-161168

The establishment of the competition legal system is the response to the social and economical reality. The perfection of the competition legal system needs the support of economic theory. Therefore, analyzing the competition from the law and economic perspective is propitious to perfect the regulation of competition in the law system constantly, guarantee and promote competition, and thus to establish and maintain reasonable and efficient competition order, promote market-economy developing prosperously and harmoniously. The paper uses the study methods of economical and comparative analyze, explore the sorts of competition and their effectiveness, believe that the perfection of the competition legal system should firstly definite that its adjust object is the effective competition with monopoly factor; though the exemption of competition cant be avoid, it continuously appears shrinking trend. The competition legal system will play a more important role in the economical life.  相似文献   

Application of Principal Component Analysis on Workable Competition Evaluation     

SU Su  ZHAO Jin-xiu 《保鲜与加工》2006,(5):150-154

The effective competition is an effective organizational form of the industry in modem market economy. It is a form accompanied with large - scale production and vigor competition. The analysis of effective competition has been the focus that people have paid close attention to it very much all the time. It is a basis of industrial policy, on the basis of the former research, the aufhors bring out 9 indexes according to the actual situation of our country, then take automobile trade as an example, we analyze the automobile trade with principal component.  相似文献   

Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa     

M. Dingkuhn  B.B. Singh  B. Clerget  J. Chantereau  B. Sultan 《Agricultural Water Management》2006,80(1-3):241-261

Asia's Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s has largely bypassed West Africa, and “modern” (high-yielding, input responsive) germplasm for staple crops has found comparatively little adoption, except for systems that are have good access to markets and sufficient water resources. It is unlikely, however, that breeding objectives conserving traditional crop characteristics as found in extensive systems would have been more successful. The authors identify systems caught in the agricultural transition from subsistence to intensified, market-oriented production as the most important target for crop improvement, and provide examples of new breeding objectives for cowpea, sorghum and upland rice. In each of these cases, breeders, with the help of physiologists, have developed innovative plant-type concepts that combine improved yield potential and input responsiveness with specific traditional crop characteristics that remain essential during the agricultural transition. In the case of cowpea, dual-purpose varieties were developed that produce a good grain yield due to an erect plant habit, then produce new leaves enabling a second harvest of green foliage. For upland rice systems that are limited by labour (mainly needed to control weeds that abound due to shortened fallow periods), a weed competitive plant type was developed from Oryza sativa × Oryza glaberrima crosses. Lastly, sorghum breeders who had previously deselected photoperiod sensitivity are now re-inserting sensitivity into plants having “modern” architecture, in order to allow for flexible sowing dates while maintaining an agro-ecologically optimal time of flowering near the end of the wet season. The ecophysiological basis of these plant types, their place in current and future cropping systems, as well as the problem of under-funding for their realisation, are discussed.  相似文献   

竞争型指派问题的匈牙利方法     

任永泰  孟翔燕  刘慧  邓华玲 《东北农业大学学报》2006,37(4):521-524

标准的指派问题以人员指派为例大都满足以下三个前提假设:人数等于任务数;每个人必须且只需完成一项任务;每项任务必须且只需一人去完成。但在实际应用中,大多的指派问题并不具备第一个假设,而第二个假设又显然不符合当今引进竞争机制后的企业、部门及社会的要求。针对以上弊端,张琳先生曾提出了竞争型指派问题,摒弃了前两个假设,从根本上拓广了标准指派问题的应用范畴。文章将重点提出竞争型指派问题的详细的算法—竞争型指派问题的匈牙利方法。  相似文献   

核桃细菌性疫病菌特性及其与核桃内生菌的竞争作用     

傅本重  邹路路 《中国果业信息》2019,48(1)

为了明确本实验室前期分离得到的一株核桃细菌性疫病菌Xaj DW3F3的相关特性及其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。对该病原细菌进行了显微观察、生物膜形成测定,不同培养基上多糖和色素含量,以及18项生理生化指标测定。通过毛细管法和滴落法观察其趋化作用,并测试其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。结果表明,病原菌DW3F3为杆状、极生鞭毛、有运动性并能形成生物膜。其在YPGA、King’B 和NA培养基上生长较好,产生多糖和色素较多。病原菌有较强的耐盐性,致死温度达60℃,对纤维素和淀粉都有较强的分解能力,对NaCl和寄主叶片表现出一定的趋性。在其与核桃叶部内生菌的共培养中表现出一定竞争优势。该病菌菌DW3F3有树生黄单胞菌核桃致病变种（Xanthomonas arboricola pv.juglandis,Xaj）的基本特征及致病相关特性,这些特征可能与其致病性强及病害难以控制有关。  相似文献   

高等学校图书馆文献资源招标和竞价采购的利弊分析     

顾江洪  阚应波 《华南热带农业大学学报》2006,12(1):92-94

对高等学校图书馆文献资源实行招标和竞价采购的可行性、有利因素和不利结果进行阐述,提出加强高等学校文献采购的应对方法。  相似文献   

高校品牌竞争优势及其法则     

谢祁 《河北农业大学学报(农林教育版)》2006,8(4):5-6,17

为增强学校的竞争实力,通过对高教市场特征的分析,阐明新形势下高校品牌竞争优势,并从校长领导、办学特色、品牌营销等方面选择相对竞争优势等策略,提出要以异分性为切入点树品牌形象、借鉴企业化经营管理模式改善学校教育管理的品牌市场竞争法则。  相似文献   

Response of industrial hemp to Salsola kali subsp. tragus densities under organic and conventional fertilisation     

Mohammad Akrami-Dizaj  Vahid Sarabi 《Weed Research》2020,60(4):303-311

A 2-year field study was conducted to determine the effects of different nutrition systems and Salsola kali subsp. tragus densities on industrial hemp yield and its components. Experiments were conducted as a split plot in a randomised complete block design with three replicates. Factors were fertilisation (poultry manure, vermicompost and nitrogen fertiliser) as the main plot and weed density (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 plants/m²) as the subplot. Results indicated that the maximum number of racemes per plant, seeds per raceme, 1000-seed weight, biomass, grain yield and harvest index (HI) of industrial hemp were obtained using vermicompost and were reduced with nitrogen fertiliser application. All measured properties in hemp plants decreased due to increasing S. kali subsp. tragus density, especially at 15 and 20 plants/m². The most significant reduction in hemp grain yield and its components was observed by increasing weed density with the application of nitrogen fertiliser. The application of vermicompost at high weed densities resulted in greater hemp grain yield and its components compared with nitrogen fertiliser. It is recommended to apply organic fertilisers, especially vermicompost at high S. kali subsp. tragus densities.  相似文献   

Influence of intra-row cruciferous surrogate weed growth on crop yield in organic spring cereals     

Bo Melander  Margaret R. McCollough 《Weed Research》2020,60(6):464-474

In Northern Europe, inter-row hoeing has become a popular tactic for controlling weeds in organic cereals. Hoeing is highly effective and can be implemented from crop emergence until stem elongation to maintain a nearly weed-free inter-row zone. However, hoeing has a lesser effect on weeds growing in the intra-row zone, where crop–weed proximity results in heightened competition. In the hoed cereal system, it is investigated whether tall-growing, competitive, cruciferous weeds in the intra-row zone affect crop biomass, yield and thousand kernel weight (TKW). An additive experimental design is employed to enable the fitting of rectangular hyperbolas, describing and quantifying the effects of increasing intra-row surrogate weed density on crop growth parameters. Regressions were studied under the influence of crop (spring barley and spring wheat), row spacing (narrow [12.5 or 15.0 cm] and wide [25.0 cm]) and nitrogen rate (50 and 100 kg NH₄-N/ha). Cruciferous surrogate weeds were found to impact crop yield and quality severely. For example, ten intra-row plants/m² of surrogate weed Sinapis alba reduced grains yields by 7%–14% in spring barley and by 7%–32% in spring wheat with yield losses becoming markedly greater in wheat compared to barley as weed density increases. Compared to wheat, barley limited yield and quality losses and suppressed intra-row weed growth more. Row spacing did not have a consistent effect on crop or weed parameters; in one of six experiments, the 25 cm row spacing reduced yields and increased intra-row weed biomass in wheat. Nitrogen rate did not affect crop or weed parameters. Results warrant the implementation of additional tactics to control intra-row weeds and limit crop losses.  相似文献   

AM真菌对加拿大一枝黄花与菌根植物和非菌根植物种间作用的影响     

吴沛鸿  邱雅静  张欣磊  苏秀  王小赛  王艳红 《植物保护学报》2020,47(2):312-323

为明确丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌对加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis与本地菌根植物和非菌根植物种间竞争格局的调控作用,采用温室盆栽试验,通过接种摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae(GM)、根内球囊霉G. intraradices(GI)及其混合菌种(GM+GI)3种处理,分析AM真菌对加拿大一枝黄花与本地菌根植物玉米Zea mays和非菌根植物油菜Brassica campestris种间作用的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,接种AM真菌均显著提高了加拿大一枝黄花和玉米的菌根侵染率,菌根侵染率为13.720%～50.015%,且前者的菌根侵染率明显高于后者。单独种植时,与对照相比,接种AM真菌尤其是接种混合菌种显著提高了加拿大一枝黄花的株高、叶片数和总干重。在加拿大一枝黄花与玉米混合种植时,与单独种植相比,加拿大一枝黄花的株高、叶片数、根长和总干重均较低;同时,与对照相比,接种AM真菌显著提高了玉米的相对竞争强度而对加拿大一枝黄花的相对竞争强度没有显著影响。在加拿大一枝黄花和油菜混合种植时,与对照相比,接种AM真菌则显著提高了加拿大一枝黄花的株高、叶片数、净光合速率和总干重;同时,接种AM真菌促进了入侵种的竞争优势而抑制了非菌根植物油菜的生长。说明加拿大一枝黄花与本地种的竞争格局受到与之混生物种的菌根依赖性强度以及AM真菌的种类差异影响。  相似文献