大气环流指数和地面气象要素对海南省橡胶树白粉病的影响     

白蕤  李宁  陈汇林  刘少军  陈小敏  邹海平 《植物保护学报》2019,46(4):770-778

为探讨大气环流指数和地面气象要素对海南省橡胶树白粉病病情指数的影响,利用1962—2009年逐月大气环流指数和逐日地面气象要素资料,根据橡胶树白粉病病情指数等级,结合因子膨化、相关分析和多元回归等方法,筛选影响橡胶树白粉病病情指数的大气环流指数和地面气象要素,构建等级指标,建立预测模型,并对模型进行检验。结果显示:影响橡胶树白粉病病情指数的大气环流指数依次为北半球副高面积指数、北半球副高强度指数、西太平洋副高西伸脊点、北美区极涡面积指数、亚洲区极涡强度指数和印缅槽,显著影响时段为上年7月至当年4月;地面气象要素有平均最高气温、相对湿度、平均气温≥20℃的日数、小雨日数和平均风速,显著影响时段为上年10月至当年1月;基于大气环流指数、地面气象要素、大气环流与地面气象综合因子的橡胶树白粉病病情指数预测模型准确率分别为74.3%～78.8%、74.7%、94.6%～98.3%,表明基于大气环流和地面气象综合因子的模型准确率较高,可作为海南省橡胶树白粉病的中长期预测模型。  相似文献   

蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱流场优化设计及仿真     

陈忠加  赵宇轩  卢丰源  孙敏  王青春 《农业工程学报》2024,40(6):60-71

农产品的烫漂与干燥是农产品加工的关键技术。农产品蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱是集烫漂与干燥一体的新型农产品绿色保质低碳智能干燥技术装备。农产品蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱内部流场均匀性直接影响着农产品烫漂与干燥效果。为提高其内部速度均匀性与温湿度均匀性,同时减少冷凝现象发生,采用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics,CFD）方法建立蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱模型,对其送风方式和送风口数量进行研究。结果表明：侧送侧回的送风方式在速度场以及温湿度场的均匀性总体优于上送下回,能量利用系数提高约18%,箱内壁面冷凝面积小于上送下回。仿真研究表明,当送风口数量为4个时,箱内的温度场和相对湿度场均匀性更好,能量利用系数最高。试验表明,蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱的试验值和仿真值最大温度偏差为2.3℃,相对湿度误差不超过1.3%,误差在合理范围内,仿真结果可靠,研究结果可为农产品低碳智能干燥新技术的研究提供参考。  相似文献   

低模数水玻璃对橡胶轻骨料混凝土力学性能的影响     

马快乐  王海龙  刘思盟  杨虹  张佳豪  王辉 《排灌机械工程学报》2021,39(7):685-691

为了了解不同掺量水玻璃对橡胶轻骨料混凝土(RLC)力学性能的影响,在RLC中加入水玻璃,并用20％粉煤灰代替水泥,制作水玻璃掺量分别为0,2％,4％,6％,8％的混凝土试块.通过核磁共振试验研究其微观孔隙变化及强度形成机理;进行对数函数曲线预测和BP神经网络强度预测,判断其可靠性并对比优劣.结果表明:水玻璃的掺入使RL...  相似文献   

黄海北部中国对虾合理放流数量的讨论   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

叶昌臣  王言广 《海洋水产研究》1994,(15):9-18

在黄海北部放流虾的渔获量(y 百万尾)与放流数量(x 亿尾)之间有着统计学上可置信的关系,α=0.05,用 y=ax+bx~2描述,a=14.63,=0.45。最大放流量为16亿尾,最佳经济放流量为15亿尾(计数误差20%)。在目前条件下,我们认为控制放流量在11亿尾(计数准确率90%)是合理的。预测了前景,提出了可供选择的方案。  相似文献   

不同贮藏温度下大菱鲆品质变化及货架期预测模型的建立     

刘锋  梅俊  谢晶 《渔业现代化》2019,(4):61-68

为探究大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)在不同贮藏温度下品质特性与货架期的关系,将大菱鲆贮藏在-3℃、0℃、4℃、10℃和15℃温度下,测定其感官品质、挥发性盐基总氮(TVB-N)、菌落总数、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA)、电导率的变化,并且观测肌肉的微观结构;采用低场核磁共振技术(Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, LF-NMR)分析鱼肉中水分迁移状况,并且建立了TVB-N及菌落总数与贮藏时间和温度的动力学模型。研究发现,随着贮藏时间的延长,5种不同贮藏温度下鱼肉中不易流动水均减少,货架期终点各贮藏温度下的样品相对于新鲜鱼肉,其肌纤维结构均由紧密变得疏松;TVB-N和菌落总数变化预测模型中的活化能和指前因子分别为79.50、75.07 kJ/mol和1.3×10^14、7.62×10^12。选用10℃进行验证性试验,结果显示实测值与预测值相对误差在10%以内。因此,可根据TVB-N值及菌落总数对大菱鲆贮藏在-3℃~15℃的货架期进行实时预测。  相似文献   

Brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus) density distribution in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: an approach using boosted regression trees          下载免费PDF全文

Jose T. Montero  Tanya A. Chesney  Jennifer R. Bauer  John T. Froeschke  Jim Graham 《Fisheries Oceanography》2016,25(3):337-348

The estuarine‐dependent brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus aztecus, is a significant commercial fishery and important species in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) ecosystem as well as being a key component in energy transfer between benthic and pelagic food web systems. Because of the economical and ecological importance of brown shrimp, we developed a spatial population model to identify places of high shrimp density under a set of spatial, environmental and temporal variables in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM). We used fisheries‐independent data collected by the Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program (SEAMAP) from 1992 to 2007 (summer and fall seasons). The relationship between the predictor variables and shrimp density was modeled using Boosted Regression Trees (BRT). Within the environmental variables included in the model, bottom type and depth of the water column were the most important predictors of shrimp density in the NGOM. Spatial predictions performed using the trained BRT model for summer and fall seasons showed a spatial segregation of shrimp density. During the summer, higher densities were predicted near the Texas and Louisiana coast and during the fall, higher densities were predicted further offshore. The model performed well and allowed successful prediction of brown shrimp hot spots in the NGOM. Model results allow fisheries managers to evaluate the potential impact from fisheries on the resource and to develop future fisheries management strategies, understand the biology of brown shrimp as well as assess the potential impacts of oil spills or climate change.  相似文献   

Spatio‐temporal trends of sailfish,Istiophorus platypterus catch rates in relation to spawning ground and environmental factors in the equatorial and southwestern Atlantic Ocean     

Bruno L. Mourato  Fábio Hazin  Keith Bigelow  Michael Musyl  Felipe Carvalho  Humberto Hazin 《Fisheries Oceanography》2014,23(1):32-44

Spatial and temporal trends of sailfish catch rates in the southwestern and equatorial Atlantic Ocean in relation to environmental variables were investigated using generalized additive models and fishery‐dependent data. Two generalized additive models were fit: (i) ‘spatio‐temporal’, including only latitude, longitude, month, and year; and (ii) ‘oceanographic’, including sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll‐a concentration, wind velocity, bottom depth, and depth of mixed layer and year. The spatio‐temporal model explained more (average ~40%) of the variability in catch rates than the oceanographic model (average ~30%). Modeled catch rate predictions showed that sailfish tend to aggregate off the southeast coast of Brazil during the peak of the spawning season (November to February). Sailfish also seem to aggregate for feeding in two different areas, one located in the mid‐west Atlantic to the south of ~15°S and another area off the north coast of Brazil. The oceanographic model revealed that wind velocity and chlorophyll‐a concentration were the most important variables describing catch rate variability. The results presented herein may help to understand sailfish movements in the Atlantic Ocean and the relationship of these movements with environmental effects.  相似文献   

Characterizing environmental and spatial variables associated with the incidental catch of olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific purse‐seine fishery          下载免费PDF全文

Jose T. Montero  Raul O. Martinez‐Rincon  Selina S. Heppell  Martin Hall  Michael Ewal 《Fisheries Oceanography》2016,25(1):1-14

In the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), a region of high fishing activity, olive ridley (Lepidochelis olivacea) and other sea turtles are accidentally caught in fishing nets with tuna and other animals. To date, the interaction between fishing activity, ocean conditions and sea turtle incidental catch in the ETP has been described and quantified, but the factors leading to the interaction of olive ridleys and fishing activity are not well understood. This information is essential for the development of future management strategies that avoid bycatch and incidental captures of sea turtles. We used Generalized additive models (GAM) to analyze the relationship between olive ridley incidental catch per unit effort (iCPUE) in the ETP purse‐seine fisheries and environmental conditions, geographic extent and fishing set type (associated with dolphins, floating objects or in free‐swimming tuna schools). Our results suggest that water temperature, set type and geographic location (latitude, longitude and distance to nesting beaches) are the most important predictor variables to describe the probability of a capture event, with the highest iCPUE observed in sets made over floating objects. With the environmental predictors used, sea surface temperatures (SST) of 26–30°C and chlorophyll‐a (chl‐a) concentrations <0.36 mg m^?3 were associated with the highest probability of an incidental catch. Temporally, the highest probability of an incidental catch was observed in the second half of the year (June to December). Four regions were observed as high incidental catch hotspots: North and south of the equator between 0–10°N; 0–10°S and from 120 to 140°W; and along the Colombian coast and surrounding regions.  相似文献   

基于特征线方程N—S方程非增量型分离算法     

陈炎  曹树良  梁开洪  祝宝山 《排灌机械》2009,27(5):327-331

为克服传统有限元方法求解流场时由于对流项占优而引起的求解振荡和基函数选择困难的问题,推导了基于特征线方程的粘性不可压N-S方程的增量型和非增量型分离算法的公式及求解步骤,并讨论了两者的Babuska-Brezzi条件.沿着特征线方向,N-S方程的对流项消失,方程矩阵是自伴随矩阵,可以自动满足有限单元法中能量泛函最小的要求,并可以给出合理的粘性耗散项.动量方程的求解采用非增量型分离算法,压力和速度可以采用任意阶次的插值函数,离散后的方程自动满足Babuska-Brezzi条件.为验证算法的可靠性,采用T3P3空间等阶次U-p单元计算了方柱绕流.结果表明：基于特征线方程的非增量型分离算法可以很好地应用于粘性不可压流场的计算,与目前流行的其它方法相比,该算法有明显的优势.  相似文献   

大型竖井式贯流泵装置的数值模拟与性能预测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑源  肖玉平  刘文明  黄昱 《排灌机械》2009,27(6):393-397

基于三维不可压流体的雷诺时均方程和Spalart-Allmaras方程湍流模型,采用SIMPLEC算法,对大型竖井贯流式泵站的全流道进行数值模拟,分析流道的流态和叶轮的静压分布规律,揭示竖井式贯流泵流道流体的流动机理;对泵装置的流量和效率进行预测,并与模型试验结果比较分析.结果表明：出水流道内的流动为轴向流动与环向旋转的螺旋形合运动;叶片的静压分布呈现较为明显的规律,升力面的静压整体上较吸力面要高,且叶片吸力面的静压等值线分布较升力面密.性能预测结果和模型试验结果吻合较好.  相似文献