Determining tolerance limits for restoration and phytoremediation with Spartina patens in crude oil-contaminated sediment in greenhouse     

Qianxin Lin  Irving A. Mendelssohn 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):681-690

Oil spills may detrimentally damage sensitive coastal habitats, such as coastal wetlands. Successful restoration of oiled habitats primarily depends on the tolerance of vegetation transplants to oil. In this study, tolerance limits of the dominant coastal brackish marsh plant Spartina patens to South Louisiana crude (SLC) oil and its phytoremediation effectiveness on petroleum hydrocarbons in wetland sediments were investigated in the greenhouse environment. Spartina patens was transplanted into brackish marsh sediments contaminated with SLC oil at concentrations of 0, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640 and 800 mg SLC oil g^?1 dry sediment. High oil concentrations adversely affected plant stem density, aboveground biomass and belowground biomass even one year after transplantation. At the 320 mg g^?1 oil dosage, plant belowground biomass was significantly lower than the control although aboveground variables were not significantly different from the control. All plant parameters mentioned above at the 640 mg g^?1 oil dosage were less than 50% of the control. Spartina patens did not survive the 800 mg g^?1 oil dosage. The tolerance limit of S. patens to SLC was estimated about 320 mg oil g^?1 dry sediment. In addition, S. patens transplants enhanced oil degradation in the sediment; concentrations of residual total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the sediments vegetated by S. patens were significantly lower than those of un-vegetated sediments for both the surface and subsurface sediment at the 40 and 160 mg g^?1 SLC oil dosages. Decreases in the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) further demonstrated the capacity of S. patens to phytoremediate residual oil; residual total targeted PAHs in the phytoremediation treatment were less than 20% of the un-vegetated treatment at the 40 mg g^?1 oil dosage. These results demonstrated the potential of phytoremediation with S. patens to simultaneously restore and remediate petroleum-contaminated coastal marsh habitats.  相似文献   

污水处理厂尾水处理的人工湿地设计（英文）     

李昆  王玲  李兆华  苗纪法  王祥荣 《农业科学与技术》2015,(3):568-572,582

以武当山污水处理厂尾水处理的人工湿地工程为例,通过对潜流型人工湿地的工艺流程、污染负荷、湿地床结构、基质材料、植被选择及水力条件等设计参数的分析,设计了占地面积为7 227 m2的潜流型人工湿地,每天可处理7 000 m3的污水处理厂尾水,系统每年可减排COD 25.55、BOD525.55、TN12.78、TP 1.28、NH3-N 17.89 t,出水可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的一级A标准。  相似文献   

Impact of seawater intrusion control on the environment,land use and household incomes in a coastal area     

T.?P.?TuongEmail author  S.?P.?Kam  C.?T.?Hoanh  L.?C.?Dung  N.?T.?Khiem  J.?Barr  D.?C.?Ben 《Paddy and Water Environment》2003,1(2):65-73

Agricultural production in the coastal wetlands of Asia is often hindered by salinity intrusion caused by tidal fluctuation. This paper reports changes in environmental and socio-economic conditions that followed the phased construction and operation of sluices for controlling seawater intrusion from 1994 –2000 in a coastal area of the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam. Canal water salinity decreased rapidly upstream of sluices, allowing rice cropping intensification and increased rice production in the eastern part of the study area. However, the livelihoods of farmers in the western part were adversely affected due to cessation of supply of brackish water that was needed for brackish-water shrimp farming, while the acid sulphate soils present there posed problems for rice cultivation. The poor farmers and landless people suffered more because the fishery resource that they depended on declined sharply due to reduced salinity and increased acidity in the canal water. The findings confirmed that the environment and resource use in the coastal lands are very sensitive to external intervention. A clear understanding of the socio-economic and environmental impacts of salinity control measures in coastal areas can help planning to enhance farmers' incomes while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Land-use policy formulation, planning and management should adopt a more holistic approach, taking into account the interests of all resource users, especially the poor, instead of focusing on any particular sector.  相似文献   

茭白-水稻人工湿地对不同处理梯度生活污水的净化研究     

吴晓斐  何源  黄治平  张丹丹 《安徽农业大学学报》2021,48(5):834-841

为明确利用农田人工湿地对农村生活污水进行资源化利用的可行性,选用茭白-水稻轮作种植模式下的人工湿地系统,通过室内盆栽试验开展了生活污水原水、厌氧出水、接触氧化出水和尾水等4种处理梯度污水灌溉茭白和水稻的研究,分析两种植物对化学需氧量、氨氮和总磷的净化效果以及植物丙二醛含量的变化.结果 表明:茭白和水稻对生活污水原水的处理效果最好,对接触氧化出水的总磷去除效果较差;水稻对化学需氧量、氨氮和总磷的整体去赊效果优于茭白;随着污水处理程度的提高,植物对氨磷的消纳量逐渐增加;污水灌溉在不同程度上促进了茭白、水稻的生长发育.研究表明茭白-水稻轮作在高浓度污水处理中可发挥巨大优势,且有利于茭白、水稻生长发育.  相似文献   

Carbon sequestration in artificial silicate soils facilitated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and glomalin-related soil protein     

Yejin Son  Kevin Stott  David A. C. Manning  Julia M. Cooper 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(2):863-870

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新疆博斯腾湖湿地生态质量的定量评价   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

杨光华  包安明  陈曦  刘海隆  黄莹  史建康  沈利强 《干旱区资源与环境》2009,(2)

定量评价湿地的生态质量,对保护湿地生态环境具有重要意义。以湿地生态系统服务功能、生态环境保护功能、湿地资源评价为综合评价层,以12个生态评价因子为指标层,构建博斯腾湖湿地生态质量定量评价指标体系,采用层次分析法(AHP)以及专家评议的方法,计算出各生态评价因子的权重,使用问卷调查法得出各因子的得分,最终通过综合评价指数(CEI)来表达湿地的生态环境质量。分析结果表明:博斯腾湖湿地当前生态质量级别为一般。在此基础上,进一步分析了湿地退化的原因,提出了维持湿地可持续发展的保护措施。通过博斯腾湖湿地生态质量的定量评价,对掌握现阶段博斯腾湖的生态环境状况,维持湿地的可持续发展有着极为重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

Study on Treatment of District Sewerage with the Combination Techniques of Biological Contact Oxidation and Constructed Wetlands     

LIAO Zhi  ZHAI Jun  HAN Yi  SHI Xiao-fei 《保鲜与加工》2008,(1):101-104

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生物膜-人工湿地组合工艺处理城镇生活污水的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

贺锋  曹湛清  夏世斌  徐栋  吴振斌 《农业环境科学学报》2009,28(8)

采用以天然植物中空纤维作为填料的生物质-生物膜反应器(BBFR)串联复合垂直流人工湿地(IVCW)的组合工艺处理系统,研究了5种不同的运行工况,即不同的停留时间、水力及污染负荷条件下对城镇生活污水的处理效果.结果表明,5种工况下组合系统的出水均能达到一级排放标准,COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别达到89.86%、93.5%和74.78%.各工况条件下因为装置控制参数和稳定程度的不同,各运行阶段下的净化效果也有一定的差异.通过探讨BBFR和IVCW的最佳耦合模式,即系统处理效果达到最佳时的运行参数,实现了BBFR和IVCW二者间的优势互补.  相似文献   

大学园区污水生态处理技术工艺及系统设计   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王书文  邹轶  张吉娜  孙铁珩 《水土保持研究》2004,11(3):196-198

详述了大学园区污水生态处理技术的工艺和系统设计问题。通过浮动生物床预处理和潜流湿地或地下毛管渗滤系统的深度处理,可将校园污水转换成为再生水利用,该处理系统具有良好的经济效益和生态效益。  相似文献   

硬质海岸防护设施的生态效应与对策     

解成杰  谢湉  刘泽正  于淑玲  王青  崔保山 《农业环境科学学报》2020,37(4):461-468

虽然滨海地区占地球陆地面积不足4%,但沿海生境是全球最有价值的自然资源之一。世界上超过三分之一的人口生活在距海岸线100 km的范围内。气候变化和人类活动使得全球海岸侵蚀和风暴潮威胁加重。海岸防护可以有效抵御海岸侵蚀、风暴风险和海平面上升。本文概述了全球主要沿海国家和地区（欧盟、美国、中国）海岸硬化情况以及海岸硬化带来的生态效应。欧洲海岸线硬化比例为10%（2006年）,美国海岸的硬化比例为14%（2015年）,而中国海岸线的硬化比例近60%（2014年）。海岸硬化会引起滨海湿地重要物理、化学和生物过程的改变,生境丧失和破碎化,以及生物连通性的改变。增加硬化设施的结构复杂性或由混合型海岸代替传统硬化海岸可以减轻海岸硬化对滨海湿地生态系统的威胁,但对硬质海岸和混合型海岸的生态服务功能以及抵御风暴能力的评估还比较缺乏,有待进一步研究。  相似文献