Hydraulic conductivity and porosity under conventional and no-tillage and the effect of three species of cover crop in northern France     

M. Carof    S. De Tourdonnet  Y. Coquet    V. Hallaire  & J. Roger-Estrade 《Soil Use and Management》2007,23(3):230-237

We studied soil hydraulic conductivity (K) and porosity in five combinations of soil tillage and cover crop management systems. Treatments were winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown on a conventionally tilled soil (CT), on a no‐till soil (NT), and on an NT with three different cover crops: red fescue (Festuca rubra L.; Fr), bird's‐foot‐trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.; Lc) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.; Ms). Measurements were made on a loamy soil in Grignon, France, in November 2004, May 2005 and October 2005. K and mean size of hydraulically active pores were measured in situ at three water potentials (?0.6, ?0.2 and ?0.05 kPa) at the soil surface and at 10 cm depth. In November 2004 and May 2005, pore space was described using 2D image analysis of pores on undisturbed soil samples in the 0–10 cm layer and in the 10–20 cm layer. The major differences were caused by soil tillage that created two heterogeneous soil layers and increased K in the 0–10 cm layer relative to NT. The effects of cover crop on K and porosity were not affected by the root type: there were no major differences between the grass cover crop (fibrous‐root type) and the leguminous ones (tap‐root type). However, we recorded larger functional pores and more tubules in the no‐till treatments with a cover crop, compared with the no‐till treatment without cover crop; this was probably the result of root activity. Although these changes generally did not result in larger values of K, they participated in the maintenance of soil structure and K over time.  相似文献   

水泵试验台快速夹紧机构的研制     

马继春  宁建  马良 《农业装备与车辆工程》2007,(2):17-20

水泵试验时，泵与管道的联接一般用法兰及螺栓联接，费时长，劳动强度大，自动化水平低。采用无螺栓联接、液压驱动的快速夹紧机构，能节约换件时间、减轻劳动强度、提高自动化水平。用灰铁制造运动副，使机构稳定性高，耐磨损。运动副用燕尾槽形式，运动间隙可调，磨损能够得到补偿。测压管与被夹紧件处于自由状态，密封面能紧密贴合，使密封可靠。该机构噪音小，占用空间少，生产率高。  相似文献   

水轮机顶盖取水的应用及分析     

陈绍钢 《中国农村水利水电》2000,(1):31-33

根据已有的使用情况，从水轮机顶盖取水作为机组技术供水源存在着一些问题，为此，从止漏环间隙及顶盖取水的水量和水压，顶盖取水管和稳压池的布置，顶盖取水的运行方式及注意事项等方面，探讨了中小型水轮机从顶盖取冷却水的可行性、经济效益及注意事项。  相似文献   

南方液压公司"供应商管理库存"设计与实施     

姚红春 《湖南农机》2009,36(9)

供应商管理库存(VMI)是一种在用户和供应商之间的合作性策略。通过策略选择、实施目标分析及协议制定三个角度分析研究,设计实施的南方液压公司VMI模式全程方案,可有效提升南方液压公司的库存管理水平。  相似文献   

苹果种植GAP控制要点分析     

翟金义  史宏弟 《农产品加工．学刊》2009,(11):55-58

苹果以其优良的品质特色畅销国际市场。在苹果生产基地执行良好农业规范(GAP),进一步提升苹果种植管理水平,是适应国际农产品市场准入规则,提升苹果产业效益的现实要求。在执行GAP过程中,苹果种植业应具有较好的资源优势和地缘优势,尤其表现在土壤、水、肥、植保等控制要点上有较好的执行基础。  相似文献   

Effects of Clear‐Cutting Alder Coppice on Surface Soil Properties and Aboveground Herbaceous Plant Biomass     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):2562-2578

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of clear‐cutting and skidding impacts on surface soils in an alder coppice and aboveground herbaceous biomass. For this purpose, experimental sites used in the study were a randomized complete block with four replications. Some soil properties were measured at 60 pits at 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm deep in control, normal harvest, and main skid trail sites. In the main skid trail site, as compared to the control and normal harvest site, the bulk density increased from 0.90 to 1.52g cm^?3, the soil organic‐matter content decreased from 4.77% to 1.65%, and saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased from 86.34 to 9.6 cm h^?1 at 0 to 5 cm deep. Optimization of harvesting time and rehabilitation of skid roads needed to be done to prevent and minimize negative impacts of the skid roads on soils.  相似文献   

Development of buffer methods and evaluation of pedotransfer functions to estimate pH buffer capacity of highly weathered soils     

M. T. F. Wong  M. J. Webb  K. Wittwer 《Soil Use and Management》2013,29(1):30-38

The pH buffer capacity of a soil (pHBC) determines the amount of lime required to raise the pH of the soil layer from its initial acid condition to an optimal pH for plant growth and the time available under current net acid addition rate (NAAR) until the soil layer acidifies to a critical pH leading to likely production losses. Accurate values of pHBC can also be used to calculate NAAR from observed changes in soil pH. In spite of its importance, there is a critical shortage of pHBC data, likely due to the long period of time needed for its direct measurement. This work aimed to develop quick, simple and reliable methods of pHBC measurement and to test these methods against a slow (7‐day) titration used as benchmark. The method developed here calculates pHBC directly from the pH buffer capacity of the buffer solution and the increase in soil pH and corresponding decrease in pH of the buffer solution following mixing and equilibration. The pHBC values calculated using Adams and Evans or modified Woodruff buffers were in accord with those measured by slow titration. Buffer methods are easily deployed in commercial and research laboratories as well as in the field. The advantage of using buffer solutions to calculate pHBC instead of lime requirement is the broad application of this soil property. The pHBC of a soil is an intrinsic property that would not be expected to need remeasurement over periods of less than decades. Recurring lime requirement can be calculated from the soil's pHBC, initial and target pH values. A large proportion of the variability in pHBC was explained by the soil organic carbon content. This relationship between pHBC and soil organic carbon content allowed us to develop local pedotransfer functions to estimate pHBC for different regions of Australia.  相似文献   

机械制造业中液压技术的应用与发展探究     

张兴友 《湖南农机》2012,(9):154-155

液压技术在机械制造业、采矿业、环境、电力等行业中有着广泛的应用,尤其是在机械制造业中,是基础领域。文章主要分析了机械制造业中液压技术的重要地位,并且详细论述了液压技术在我国的机械制造业中应用的状况,同时提出,为了提高机械制造业的效率,我们要对液压技术进行不断的研究和提高。  相似文献   

白头翁锈病近程传播及空间分布型研究     

苏丹  傅俊范 《吉林农业大学学报》2013,35(3)

白头翁锈病是近年来我国新报道发生的一种病害,在辽宁省保护地白头翁生产中,病害尤为严重.根据植物病害流行学原理和研究方法,对沈阳地区白头翁锈病菌近程传播及空间分布进行了研究.对调查数据进行回归分析,结果表明:指数模型是沈阳地区白头翁锈病近程传播中的最佳模型,顺风传播梯度可用y=570.63e-0.0055x描述,侧风向传播梯度可用y=1 004.9e-0.0116x描述(y为锈病的发病程度,x为距菌源中心的距离).在全田普遍发病的条件下,白头翁锈病在1个月内顺风向传播距离约为100 m;侧风向传播距离约为55 m.白头翁锈病病株空间分布型在病害发生前期和中期为聚集分布,后期为均匀分布.  相似文献   

陡坡地采伐归堆机的研究设计     

王洪丰  李树森 《林业机械与木工设备》2009,37(1):31-32

针对我国北方林区采伐机械的作业特点，研制出一种适合复杂林地条件下的陡坡地小径木采伐归堆机。该机装有带车轮、可液压调整的一对后支腿和带有底板的一对前稳定支腿，其可在陡坡山地和沼泽地环境下作业，尤其适用于陡坡山地的采伐集材作业，是一种比较理想的作业设备。  相似文献