棉铃虫表皮蛋白基因CP22和CP14的表达特征及其对甲氧虫酰肼的响应          下载免费PDF全文

张万娜  刘香亚  赖乾  肖海军 《植物保护学报》2021,48(5):1043-1053

为揭示棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera表皮蛋白（cuticular protein，CP）基因在其生长发育及应对药剂胁迫中的作用，克隆棉铃虫2个CP基因CP22和CP14，利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析其在不同发育阶段和不同组织中的相对表达量，并于显微镜下观察甲氧虫酰肼亚致死剂量处理后棉铃虫3龄幼虫的表皮形态，并用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定药后CP22和CP14基因的相对表达量。结果显示，CP22和CP14的开放阅读框全长分别为570 bp和393 bp，分别编码189个和130个氨基酸；CP22和CP14都具有1个几丁质结合域，属于CPR家族RR-1亚类；CP22和CP14基因均在棉铃虫5龄幼虫表皮中表达水平高；这2个基因在棉铃虫幼虫期的表达水平高于在卵期、蛹期和成虫期的表达水平，且在4龄幼虫体内表达量最高，在蜕皮后随着日龄的增加表达量逐渐降低；甲氧虫酰肼处理后棉铃虫3龄幼虫表皮黑化、皱缩，发生蜕皮异常，显微观察显示其内外表皮分离，真皮细胞解体；甲氧虫酰肼处理后24 h和48 h，棉铃虫CP22和CP14基因的相对表达量显著上调。表明棉铃虫CP22和CP14基因参与棉铃虫幼虫蜕皮，并且响应甲氧虫酰肼胁迫，可作为防治棉铃虫的潜在靶标基因。  相似文献   

基于探地雷达的水库坝前淤积土沉积规律研究          下载免费PDF全文

王韵  王红雨  常留成  张志龙  白晓飞 《水土保持学报》2021,35(4):152-158

宁夏南部黄土丘陵山区水库除险加固工程中普遍采用"坝前淤积面加坝"工法进行施工,而淤积层的分布规律对评价坝基稳定性至关重要。为勘察淤积土剖面分层情况和空间分布特征,利用探地雷达(GPR)对固原市西吉县大沙河水库坝前淤积土进行探测试验。在选定的坝前淤积土探测区域内,布设了10条测线,首先确定了雷达探测最佳图像效果的叠加次数,然后在所有测线上每隔0.5 m (共计794个测点)进行了探测。同时开挖深度为1.5 m的探槽观察淤积层剖面状况,并在不同深度剖面上取土样进行室内基本物理性质试验。结果表明:雷达探测的最佳叠加次数为512次;雷达波谱图显示在深度为0～2.5 m范围内,坝前淤积土有6层明显的沉积层理;在深度为4～9 m范围内,有清晰连续的河道河床轮廓,各测线上淤泥的沉积厚度范围为3.7～8.2 m;在探槽深度约50 cm处可以观察到明显的砂质粉土—黏质粉土的层理,与探地雷达在该位置的图像解析一致。探测试验为坝前淤积层沉降计算及工程处理措施提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

Impact of land use/land cover types on surface humidity in northern China in the early 21^st century     

JIN Junfang 《干旱区科学》2022,14(7):705-718

In the context of global change, it is essential to promote the rational development and utilization of land resources, improve the quality of regional ecological environment, and promote the harmonious development of human and nature for the regional sustainability. We identified land use/land cover types in northern China from 2001 to 2018 with ENVI images and ArcGIS software. Meteorological data were selected from 292 stations in northern China, the potential evapotranspiration was calculated with the Penman-Monteith formula, and reanalysis humidity and observed humidity data were obtained. The reanalysis minus observation (RMO, i.e., the difference between reanalysis humidity and observed humidity) can effectively characterize the impact of different land use/land cover types (forestland, grassland, cultivated land, construction land, water body and unused land) on surface humidity in northern China in the early 21^st century. The results showed that from 2001 to 2018, the area of forestland expanded (increasing by approximately 1.80×10⁴ km²), while that of unused land reduced (decreasing by approximately 5.15×10⁴ km²), and the regional ecological environment was improved. Consequently, land surface in most areas of northern China tended to be wetter. The contributions of land use/land cover types to surface humidity changes were related to the quality of the regional ecological environment. The contributions of the six land use/land cover types to surface humidity were the highest in northeastern region of northern China, with a better ecological environment, and the lowest in northwestern region, with a fragile ecological environment. Surface humidity was closely related to the variation in regional vegetation coverage; when the regional vegetation coverage with positive (negative) contributions expanded (reduced), the land surface became wetter. The positive contributions of forestland and water body to surface humidity were the greatest. Unused land and construction land were associated with the most serious negative contributions to surface humidity. Affected by the regional distribution pattern of vegetation, surface humidity in different seasons decreased from east to west in northern China. The seasonal variation in surface humidity was closely related to the growth of vegetation: surface humidity was the highest in summer, followed by autumn and spring, and the lowest in winter. According to the results, surface humidity is expected to increase in northeastern region of northern China, decrease in northern region, and likely increase in northwestern region.  相似文献   

应用带权重的 TOPSIS 法的丛植植物视觉观赏性量化研究     

马山水  林世平 《广东园林》2021,43(3):55-60

为避免城市更新中出现的对丛植植物的反复不合理更新， 以丛植植物的视觉观赏性为对象，从尺度适宜性、种类丰富性、 结构丰富性、视觉复杂性和色彩丰富性 5 项量化指标出发提出 9 项影响因子，构建评价体系，并采用基于熵权法的 TOPSIS 法对 51 个样本进行综合量化研究。结果显示：在对丛植植物的视觉观 赏性影响程度上，矮灌木类地被植物体积占有率的影响最大，而 视觉熵的影响最小；在配置手法上，与多元素搭配的丛植植物的 观赏性优于与单元素搭配的丛植植物；与单元素搭配的类型中， 纯植物搭配的视觉观赏性优于植物与地形、建筑、道路的搭配。  相似文献   

不同类型雄性不育苎麻细胞学机理研究          下载免费PDF全文

薛丽君  邢虎成 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,40(1):13-18

为探明苎麻雄性不育材料和可育材料在花芽分化和花药发育上的差异，选取不可育材料雄花萎缩型园青5号、花被不开裂型弯子苎麻、花粉不育型黄小叶和可育材料中苎1号(对照)，采用常规石蜡切片技术对其进行雄花花芽发育形态比较。结果表明：3种雄性不育苎麻花芽发育较可育苎麻中苎1号快，在花芽发育到0.3~0.5 cm时，已完成了雌、雄蕊的分化。参照可育苎麻材料的花芽分化和花药发育，推测3种雄性不育材料不育的原因分别为园青5号花芽在分化出花药和花丝后，花药不会继续分化形成花粉囊，而是变形萎缩甚至消失形成空腔；弯子苎麻在花粉分化阶段花被木质化严重；黄小叶花粉囊不破裂，花粉粒颜色逐渐变深，花丝发育异常。  相似文献   

三疣梭子蟹对蟹笼网目和刚性矩形逃逸口的逃逸行为比较          下载免费PDF全文

张健  马有成  裴占文  邱昱  吴建辉  石建高 《上海海洋大学学报》2022,31(3):801-811

为了解东海近海蟹笼逃逸口类型对三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）逃逸行为的影响，本研究使用红外水下摄像装备，对入笼的三疣梭子蟹在不同行为阶段对安装于侧网靠近笼底一侧的刚性矩形逃逸口（40mm高×200mm宽）和网目逃逸口（由2个位置较低的40mm×60mm和1个位置较高的60mm×60mm破目构成）的行为反应进行了观察。根据三疣梭子蟹探索、发现并接近、穿越企图和穿越逃逸口个体连续行为的4个阶段观察结果显示：相比刚性矩形逃逸口，三疣梭子蟹在网目逃逸口实验蟹笼中的探索行为持续时间更长；在笼底探索的个体能定位、发现并接近2种不同类型逃逸口，但发现并接近网目逃逸口时距离入笼的平均时间（P<0.01）和平均次数（P=0.061）均大于刚性矩形逃逸口；约85%发现并接近逃逸口的三疣梭子蟹企图穿越逃逸口，且在逃逸口类型之间没有显著差异；三疣梭子蟹在网目逃逸口前停留了更长的时间（P=0.006），且这一时间显著影响着个体是否企图逃逸的行为。所有个体均采用侧身姿态穿越逃逸口，对于刚性矩形逃逸口，个体甲高与逃逸口高度的关系是决定个体能否成功逃逸的关键因素；对于网目逃逸口，个体优先尝试穿越较低逃逸口，并最终全部逃逸。实验结果表明网目逃逸口可以作为蟹笼渔具逃逸装置，生物可降解材料应用可成为缓解蟹笼幽灵捕捞问题的技术手段之一。  相似文献   

Remote sensing of soil degradation: Progress and perspective     

《国际水土保持研究(英文)》2023,11(3):429-454

Soils constitute one of the most critical natural resources and maintaining their health is vital for agricultural development and ecological sustainability, providing many essential ecosystem services. Driven by climatic variations and anthropogenic activities, soil degradation has become a global issue that seriously threatens the ecological environment and food security. Remote sensing (RS) technologies have been widely used to investigate soil degradation as it is highly efficient, time-saving, and broad-scope. This review encompasses recent advances and the state-of-the-art of ground, proximal, and novel RS techniques in soil degradation-related studies. We reviewed the RS-related indicators that could be used for monitoring soil degradation-related properties. The direct indicators (mineral composition, organic matter, surface roughness, and moisture content of soil) and indirect proxies (vegetation condition and land use/land cover change) for evaluating soil degradation were comprehensively summarized. The results suggest that these above indicators are effective for monitoring soil degradation, however, no indicators system has been established for soil degradation monitoring to date. We also discussed the RS's mechanisms, data, and methods for identifying specific soil degradation-related phenomena (e.g., soil erosion, salinization, desertification, and contamination). We investigated the potential relations between soil degradation and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and also discussed the challenges and prospective use of RS for assessing soil degradation. To further advance and optimize technology, analysis and retrieval methods, we identify critical future research needs and directions: (1) multi-scale analysis of soil degradation; (2) availability of RS data; (3) soil degradation process modelling and prediction; (4) shared soil degradation dataset; (5) decision support systems; and (6) rehabilitation of degraded soil resource and the contribution of RS technology. Because it is difficult to monitor or measure all soil properties in the large scale, remotely sensed characterization of soil properties related to soil degradation is particularly important. Although it is not a silver bullet, RS provides unique benefits for soil degradation-related studies from regional to global scales.  相似文献   

全国降水天气现象平行观测对比分析     

马宁  任芝花  王妍  刘娜  曹宁 《干旱区研究》2022,39(1):54-63

采用2017-08—2018-08全国2363个气象站降水现象平行观测对比观测数据,分别从数据完整性和准确性方面对雨、雪、毛毛雨、冰雹、雨夹雪5种降水现象自动观测数据进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)雨、雪、毛毛雨现象的过程捕获率最高,分别为66.9%、69.2%、50.1%,冰雹的小时捕获率最高,为51.8%,雨夹雪的各捕获率指标均较低。(2)毛毛雨的漏报率最高为65.9%,雪的漏报率次之为35.6%,冰雹的漏报率最低为16.2%;毛毛雨、雨的错报率较低,雨夹雪和冰雹的错报率较高,毛毛雨、冰雹错报为雨的比例较高,雨错报成毛毛雨的比例较高,雪错报成毛毛雨和雨的比例较高,而雨夹雪则常常是毛毛雨、雨、雪交替出现;毛毛雨和冰雹的空报站点较多。(3)降水现象仪对降水现象的识别可达到分钟级,但与人工观测降水现象相比,存在漏报、错报和空报情况,需要在气象站数据采集端进行质量控制,不断优化降水现象识别算法,并结合其他天气要素进行降水现象综合判识,以提高仪器对降水天气现象的捕获率,降低漏报率、错报率和空报率。  相似文献   

甘草产香内生真菌RP2的初步鉴定及挥发性成分分析     

尤梦瑶  闫佳佳  万璐  张赫  郑春英 《中国农学通报》2022,38(12):138-145

为了开发甘草内生真菌RP2次生代谢产物的资源,丰富挥发性香味成分的获取途径,以甘草内生真菌RP2为研究对象,采用形态学观察及ITS序列分析法对其进行菌种鉴定,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对甘草内生真菌RP2挥发性成分进行分析。甘草内生真菌RP2经鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。在甘草内生真菌RP2发酵液中分离并鉴定出11种挥发性成分;在甘草内生真菌RP2菌丝体中分离并鉴定了6种挥发性成分。甘草内生真菌RP2挥发性成分中含有多种现有工业生产中广泛应用的挥发性香味成分,如2-苯基乙醇等。本研究对开发利用甘草内生真菌RP2具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Development of the Auburn Induction Scale for evaluating induction quality in dogs     

《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2022,49(6):608-614

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