马铃薯腐烂茎线虫28S rDNA-D2/D3区序列分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于海英  彭德良  胡先奇  黄文坤 《植物病理学报》2009,39(3):254-261

 我国危害甘薯的马铃薯腐烂茎线虫rDNA-ITS基因片段长度存在A型(900bp)和B型(1100bp)2个类型,A型腐烂茎线虫群体的ITS片段比B型群体少200bp。为了进一步研究这2种类型群体的发育关系,本文用线虫通用引物D2A和D3B对来自国内的21个马铃薯腐烂茎线虫群体和1个韩国的马铃薯腐烂茎线虫28SrDNA-D2/D3区进行了PCR扩增,均产生大小一致的片段,长度约为780bp,克隆、测序后用DNAMAN5.2软件和MEGA4软件进行分析比对,结果表明我国21个马铃薯腐烂茎线虫群体28SrDNA-D2/D3区只有20余个碱基的差异,相似率达97.2%。基于UPGMA构建的系统发育树很好地区分了马铃薯腐烂茎线虫A型和B型群体,展现出了群体的来源及发育关系。  相似文献   

检疫害虫黑森瘿蚊的形态特征与为害状识别     

梁巧玲  陆平  张皓  戴爱梅 《植物保护》2014,40(5):126-129

黑森瘿蚊［ Mayetiola destructor (Say)］是重要的国际性检疫害虫, 我国仅分布于新疆, 近年在局部地区严重发生。黑森瘿蚊在小麦苗期的为害状与麦秆蝇( Meromyza saltatrix L.)相似, 易引起混淆。本文描述了黑森瘿蚊各虫态的鉴别特征及其在小麦上的为害症状, 提出了与麦秆蝇的鉴别方法。  相似文献   

甘薯茎线虫致病物质的初步研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

宫卫波  蒋继志  王兴哲 《华北农学报》2008,23(1):204-206

为探讨甘薯茎线虫的致病机理,对甘薯茎线虫分泌的蛋白类物质的致病作用进行了初步研究。使用5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine和二甲亚砜刺激法刺激分泌腺生长,冰上研磨线虫破碎得到分泌颗粒,硫酸铵沉淀法和TCA/丙酮法获得其中的蛋白质进行甘薯片的致病性验证。结果表明,甘薯茎线虫食道腺分泌物尤其蛋白类物质具有明显的致病作用,食道腺中的蛋白类物质经硫酸铵沉淀法得到的粗蛋白比TCA/丙酮法提取的粗蛋白致病作用强,这种致病蛋白不耐高温也不抗紫外线照射,经100℃水浴30 min,或40 W在50 cm距离下紫外灯照射60 min后,几乎完全丧失了致病作用。  相似文献   

甘薯对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫趋化性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马娟  王容燕  李秀花  高波  问海月  陈书龙 《中国生物防治学报》2018,34(1):141-147

由马铃薯腐烂茎线虫侵染造成的甘薯茎线虫病是一种严重影响甘薯产量和品质的病害。线虫向寄主根部移动及取食危害可能是受寄主释放的化感信息物质控制。为最终明确甘薯中对线虫具有高效引诱能力的物质,本研究利用水琼脂平板法测试了甘薯不同品种与不同组织对线虫的引诱作用。结果表明不同品种甘薯薯块和薯茎对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫引诱能力具有一定差异,感线虫品种栗子香的薯块对线虫的引诱率要高于其他测试品种。随着薯块/薯茎在水琼脂平板上放置时间延长,其吸引线虫的效果增加,96 h后引诱率达到20%。同一品种甘薯茎的引诱能力显著高于薯块、薯叶。甘薯中所含对线虫具引诱作用的活性物质对热稳定,80℃加热8 h后薯茎对线虫引诱率与新鲜茎相比无显著差异,为4.5%。甘薯茎经过不同有机溶剂分别萃取后,乙醇萃取物对线虫的引诱率为6.7%,显著高于其他萃取物。本文初步明确了甘薯中所含线虫趋化物的性质,为其开发应用奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Integrated Pest Management Control of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae), the Most Damaging Pest of (Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) Colonies     

Cameron J Jack  James D Ellis 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2021,21(5)

Varroa destructor is among the greatest biological threats to western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) health worldwide. Beekeepers routinely use chemical treatments to control this parasite, though overuse and mismanagement of these treatments have led to widespread resistance in Varroa populations. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an ecologically based, sustainable approach to pest management that relies on a combination of control tactics that minimize environmental impacts. Herein, we provide an in-depth review of the components of IPM in a Varroa control context. These include determining economic thresholds for the mite, identification of and monitoring for Varroa, prevention strategies, and risk conscious treatments. Furthermore, we provide a detailed review of cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical control strategies, both longstanding and emerging, used against Varroa globally. For each control type, we describe all available treatments, their efficacies against Varroa as described in the primary scientific literature, and the obstacles to their adoption. Unfortunately, reliable IPM protocols do not exist for Varroa due to the complex biology of the mite and strong reliance on chemical control by beekeepers. To encourage beekeeper adoption, a successful IPM approach to Varroa control in managed colonies must be an improvement over conventional control methods and include cost-effective treatments that can be employed readily by beekeepers. It is our intention to provide the most thorough review of Varroa control options available, ultimately framing our discussion within the context of IPM. We hope this article is a call-to-arms against the most damaging pest managed honey bee colonies face worldwide.  相似文献   

不同类型杀线剂对甘薯茎线虫趋化性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何琪  邢骥  张声扬  丁中 《植物保护》2010,36(4):75-79

实验室条件下研究了涕灭威、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和丙溴磷在低剂量胁迫下对甘薯茎线虫趋化性的影响。结果表明:在无药剂胁迫情况下甘薯茎线虫对灰霉菌、半裸镰刀菌的趋化性最强,其次为马铃薯,对甘薯无趋性。在含有5～5×10-2μg/mL涕灭威、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和丙溴磷的水琼脂平板,线虫的趋化性均受到抑制,且甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的抑制活性高于其他2种药剂;线虫经10-1～10-3μg/mL的涕灭威、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和丙溴磷浸渍24h后采用灭菌去离子水清洗3次并恢复24h后,线虫的趋性仍受到抑制。值得注意的是,在含5×10-3μg/mL丙溴磷水琼脂或经丙溴磷10-3～10-4μg/mL处理后,线虫的趋性发生了改变,表现出对甘薯块具有一定的趋性。  相似文献   

Identification in Aegilops species of resistant sources to Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Morocco   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. El Bouhssini  O. Benlhabib  M.M. Nachit  A. Houari  A. Bentika  N. Nsarellah  S. Lhaloui 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1998,45(4):343-345

Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is the major insect pest of wheat in Morocco. Host plant resistance has been the most effective and practical method of controlling this pest. When 347 accessions of Aegilops species were screened in the greenhouse for resistance to Hessian fly, several accessions of Ae. geniculata Roth, Ae. triuncialis L., Ae. neglecta Req.ex Bertol., Ae. ventricosa Tausch, Ae. cylindrica Host and Ae. markgrafii (Greuter) Hammer showed resistance reaction. All expressed antibiosis as the mechanism of resistance against first instar Hessian fly larvae. These Aegilops sources of resistance could be exploited for transferring Hessian fly resistance to wheat.  相似文献   

Spatial epidemiology of the Asian honey bee mite (Varroa destructor) in the North Island of New Zealand     

Stevenson MA  Benard H  Bolger P  Morris RS 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2005,71(3-4):241-252

We describe the spatial epidemiology of Varroa destructor infestation among honey bee apiaries in the greater Auckland area of the North Island of New Zealand. The study population was comprised of 641 apiaries located within the boundaries of the study area on 11 April 2000. Cases were those members of the study population declared Varroa-infested on the basis of testing conducted between April and June 2000. The odds of Varroa was highest in apiaries in the area surrounding transport and storage facilities in the vicinity of Auckland International Airport. A mixed-effects geostatistical model, accounting for spatial extra-binomial variation in Varroa prevalence, showed a 17% reduction in the odds of an apiary being Varroa infested for each kilometre increase in the squared distance from the likely site of incursion (95% Bayesian credible interval 7–28%). The pattern of spatially autocorrelated risk that remained after controlling for the effect of distance from the likely incursion site identified areas thought to be ‘secondary’ foci of Varroa infestation initiated by beekeeper-assisted movement of infested bees. Targeted investigations within these identified areas indicated that the maximum rate of local spread of Varroa was in the order of 12 km/year (interquartile range 10–15 km/year).  相似文献   

噻唑膦与硅肥联合使用对甘薯茎线虫病的防治效果     

马娟  高波  李秀花  王容燕  黄山  陈书龙 《植物保护》2024,50(2):307-312

为了有效控制甘薯茎线虫病的危害,通过盆栽试验和田间试验分别研究了不同种类硅肥及噻唑膦对甘薯茎线虫病的防控效果。室内试验结果表明,单独施用硅肥对甘薯茎线虫病防治效果较差,但10%噻唑膦颗粒剂与不同种类硅肥联合使用后可显著降低甘薯种薯及薯苗受线虫侵染率,其效果优于单独使用等量的10%噻唑膦颗粒剂。田间施用噻唑膦后再增施硅肥,可使噻唑膦防治效果显著增高,甘薯受害率降低,甘薯产量提高。其中硅肥途保佳15 L/hm2与10%噻唑膦颗粒剂18 kg/hm2或22.5 kg/hm2联合使用后,对茎线虫病的防治效果均达到87%以上,显著高于10%噻唑膦颗粒剂22.5 kg/hm2处理。联合施用硅肥可以在减少噻唑膦用量情况下保持对茎线虫病较高防效,具有较好的推广应用前景。  相似文献   

马铃薯腐烂茎线虫生防细菌的筛选与鉴定     

张妞  王东  赵远征  项鹏  邱廷艳  赵鑫  高腾达  高志超  周洪友 《中国农学通报》2021,37(18):138-146

本研究旨在开发杀线虫活性高的生防资源以防控马铃薯腐烂茎线虫病。以34个细菌菌株发酵液为试材,通过直接触杀法测定其对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的触杀活性;利用16S rDNA基因,并结合菌落形态和生理生化特征,确定生防菌株的分类地位。筛选出9个细菌菌株对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的触杀活性较高,48 h线虫的校正死亡率达72.36%~82.59%;经鉴定,菌株Chi9-7、Nong3-5、Nong5-6和b1-3为枯草芽胞杆菌,菌株b5-4为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌,菌株Chi9-2、Xia4-11、Gu4-7和Z-1为解淀粉芽胞杆菌。本研究筛选并鉴定了杀线虫作用明显的9株芽胞杆菌,为微生物杀线剂的研发提供了新的生防资源,也为马铃薯腐烂茎线虫病的有效防控奠定了基础。  相似文献