野生二粒小麦与二倍体野燕麦远缘杂交后代的核型分析及进化关系     

郑会敏  冯海嫣  张素勤 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,37(6):598-602

对野生二粒小麦与二倍体野燕麦远缘杂交后代进行染色体核型分析。结果表明：杂交后代084株系的核型公式为2n=6x=42=36m(4SAT)+6sm，核型为1A，为极对称核型，属于原始类型；野生二粒小麦、二倍体野燕麦及084株系的进化指数分别为1、4和1，表明084株系的进化程度与野生二粒小麦一致，低于二倍体野燕麦；084株系的染色体相对长度较亲本大，且其平均臂比、核型不对称系数及臂比大于1.7的染色体比例均在野生二粒小麦与二倍体野燕麦之间，说明远缘杂交在一定程度上对加速小麦属的进化有重要意义；084株系染色体臂比与母本的相近，且存在4对染色体与父本的相对长度和臂比极为相近，核型分析结果从一定程度上证明了野生二粒小麦与二倍体野燕麦杂交后代的真实性。  相似文献   

高温胁迫对二倍体和四倍体萝卜生长和膜伤害的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

徐伟钰  张蜀宁  张杰  张振超  侯喜林 《南京农业大学学报》2006,29(4):43-47

在田间试验条件下，比较了自然高温下二倍体和四倍体萝卜的生长情况、株型和产量，并在光照培养箱中研究了高温胁迫（36℃／26℃（昼／夜），10d）对膜的伤害。研究结果表明，四倍体萝卜的耐热性强于二倍体，四倍体表现出抗热特征：株型直立，叶片增厚，叶形缺刻少趋近板型叶，叶片深绿色且高产，与二倍体相比差异显著。在控制高温胁迫过程中，四倍体的电解质渗透率、可溶性糖和MDA含量均低于二倍体，但两者变化趋势相似；四倍体的SOD、POD和CAT活性，可溶性蛋白及总叶绿素含量均高于二倍体。因此，田间试验结合人工模拟高温可以很好地鉴定萝卜耐热性。  相似文献   

葡萄二倍体与四倍体品种间杂交胚挽救取样时期的确定   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

徐海英  闫爱玲  张国军 《中国农业科学》2005,38(3):629-633

 通过系统测定葡萄二倍体与四倍体品种间杂交胚珠的重量变化和解剖观察胚珠的发育情况，判断其败育发生时期和发生方式，并进一步通过胚珠培养试验确定取样时期。与无核品种不同，大多数有核品种与倍性不同的品种杂交后，胚珠的败育存在个体间差异。胚珠发生败育的时期与母本品种的成熟期相关，早熟品种从花后第5周开始出现败育胚珠，中熟品种开始败育时期比早熟品种晚1周，晚熟品种花后9周才开始败育。胚挽救的取样时期可以根据母本品种成熟期确定，早熟品种为授粉后6～9周，中熟品种为授粉后7～10周，晚熟品种为授粉后9～12周。  相似文献   

Production of Spontaneous Diploid Lines from Isolated Microspores Following Cryopreservation in Spring Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. L. Chen  W. D. Beversdorf 《Plant Breeding》1992,108(4):324-327

Cryopreservation of microspores provides a potentially powerful means for increasing percentage of spontaneous diploids in microspore-derived populations in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). This study was to investigate the production of spontaneous diploid lines in relation to steps of cryopreserving micro-spores of two spring rapeseed breeding lines G-231 and M3-124. Microspores of both genotypes were isolated and subjected to Cryopreservation. The step of cooling process (before liquid nitrogen immersion) in a Cryopreservation protocol resulted in high percentages of spontaneous diploids in lines regenerated from frozen microspores in both genotypes. Liquid nitrogen immersion and subsequent thawing process had no influence on the percentage of spontaneous diploids. A linear relationship between percentage of spontaneous diploids and cooling temperatures was detected. The lowest cooling temperature of ?40 °C yielded the highest percentages of spontaneous diploids (51.1 % in G-231 and 47.7 % in M3-124, respectively), which were more than doubled in comparison to those in the corresponding unfrozen controls. The current study indicated that cold treatment may be utilized to greatly enhance the percentage of spontaneous diploids in rapeseed breeding programs.  相似文献   

Sugar beets homozygous for resistance to beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.), developed from monosomic additions of Beta procumbens to B. vulgaris     

W. Heijbroek  A. J. Roelands  J. H. de Jong  C. van Hulst  A. H. L. Schoone  R. G. Munning 《Euphytica》1988,38(2):121-131

Summary Monosomic additions of Beta vulgaris x B. procumbens with resistance to beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.) were used for the production of resistant diploids through incorporation of the B. procumbens chromosome fragment bearing the resistance gene(s) into one of the sugar beet chromosomes. The heterozygotes obtained accordingly were selfed for producing homozygotes. These homozygotes differed morphologically from commercial sugar beet varieties, but produced reasonable amounts of pollen. Female transmission of resistance was 100%, whereas male transmission, apart from some exceptions, was more than 90%. The number of hypersensitivity reactions to penetrated larvae was related to the degree of susceptibility. Larval development was severely retarded in the resistant plants, preventing most of them to produce cysts. If cysts were formed, their content was considerably less as compared to those in the susceptible plants.  相似文献   

水稻多倍化的诱导技术研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄群策  代西梅  李玉峰 《杂交水稻》2005,20(5):54-56

利用8份常规水稻品种、4份光温敏核不育水稻以及由其配制的32份杂种F1群体和32份杂种F2群体为诱导材料,采用种芽诱导加倍法进行多倍化诱导.研究结果表明,利用常规水稻品种和光温敏核不育水稻品系为诱导材料,其多倍化(同源四倍体)的诱导频率均很低(0.2%～1.2%);利用杂种F1群体为材料经过多倍化诱导和筛选后获得的诱导效果较好(2.0%～5.5%);利用杂种F2群体为材料经过多倍化诱导和筛选后获得的诱导效果最好(6.2%～12.0%).同源四倍体水稻结实率的表现与其二倍体原始材料的类型存在一定的相关性,在水稻多倍化过程中以基因处于分离和重组状态的杂种F2群体为诱变材料有利于获得结实率比较高的同源四倍体水稻.  相似文献   

Fertile maize lines obtained from isolated microspores     

B. Szarka  M. Dévényi  S. Mórocz 《Euphytica》2001,122(1):53-60

Microspore response of three- way cross maize hybrid genotype 3AL/95 (Zea mays L.) was studied under simplified isolation and culture conditions. Fertile plant production was achieved through abundant plant regeneration. As a total, microspores of 160 tassels were inoculated and five sustainable microspore derived callus cultures (SMC) were obtained. Hybrid seeds (ML SC), which were produced by crossing of regenerates from two SMCs, gave rise to subsequent vigorous and fertile progeny. The response of the 3AL/95 and ML SC microspores was studied in three liquid culture media in order to improve the early viability of microspores. Them N6M medium provided better survival of cultured microspores (p = 5%) than the ppN6M/89 and the YPM-G media. The pH 5.8 in mN6M medium revealed significant increase (p = 1%) in microspore viability as compared to pH 3.0. The ML SC microspores showed higher viability(30%) on the first day of culture in the mN₆M than those of the3AL/95 (19%) but without improved rate of callus formation and plant regeneration. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

葡萄二倍体和四倍体杂交胚挽救的影响因素     

郭印山  郭修武  张海娥  李轶晖  李成祥 《果树学报》2006,23(1):115-117

采用L25(55)的正交试验设计,对葡萄二倍体和四倍体杂交胚挽救过程中的影响因素如培养基种类、接种时间、植物生长物质浓度等进行了研究。结果表明:影响胚挽救成苗率最重要的是接种时间,然后依次是IBA浓度、GA3浓度、培养基种类和6-BA浓度。获得了一批胚挽救实生苗,最高出苗率达到73.08%。  相似文献   

Evaluation of some Newly Developed Diploid Hybrids and their Breeding Value in 4x-2x Crosses     

BU Qing yun  LU Wen he  CHEN Yi li  TIAN Xing ya  WANG Feng yi  QIN Xin 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2002,9(1)

1　Introduction　　The common potato,Solanum tuberosum L.( tbr,2 n=4 x=4 8) ,is a tetrasomic tetroploidwith a very narrow genetic base( Howard,1 970 ) h,to a large extent,limits the progress innew cultivar development.Fortunately,there are still rich germplasm in South America,theorigin center of potato.Potato has approximately 2 2 6 related tuber- bearing species( Harwkes,1 990 ) ,which constitute important reservoirs of genes for resistance to adversebiotic and abiotic stresses.Most of th…  相似文献   

四倍体玫瑰香葡萄形态特征与生长发育规律   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱子英  皇甫中泗 《河北农业大学学报》1995,18(3):5-9

通过１０ａ的研究，培育出了四倍体玫瑰香葡萄，其生物学特性与原二倍体玫瑰香葡萄比较，具有生长势强，坐果率高，成熟期早，果穗大，品质好等特点，是一个值得推广的优良的品种。  相似文献