Quality and maximum profit of industrial tomato as affected by distribution uniformity of drip irrigation system     

Francisco L. Santos 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1996,10(3):281-294

The tomato industry reformed its system of payment by weight of tomato, introducing a corrective system based on percent level of fruit dry matter produced. Such a decision implies significant changes in the management of irrigation systems, with a need to emphasize the technological quality of the marketable product. Three levels of distribution uniformity of the irrigation system are analysed, and related production functions of crop yield and percent of dry matter are presented as well as their use on the optimisation of dry matter, expected revenues and seasonal applied water. Results are critically influenced by the distribution uniformity. They demonstrate the inter-relationship between crop production, percent fruit dry matter and irrigation management, and the importance of considering non-uniformity in the economic analysis of industrial tomato production. Decreases in uniformity lead to a reduction in dry matter production per unit land. Decreases in dry matter are also observed with increasing levels of seasonally applied water, with the optimal level always lower than the required for maximum yield. Such interaction suggests a continuous and inverse relationship between profit and water applied. However, due to the corrective system of payment, by levels of percent of dry matter produced, for some uniformity, the expected revenue follows the yield-water production function instead of the dry matter function. This fact introduces disturbances in the optimal water applied inducing higher than expected levels of water applied for profit maximisation. The simulated data also show that incentives to switch to new systems or management practices able to raise the distribution uniformity result more from profit losses than increases in water price.  相似文献   

基于不同有效积温的玉米干物质累积量模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蔡甲冰  常宏芳  陈鹤  张宝忠  魏征  彭致功 《农业机械学报》2020,51(5):263-271

为获得研究区适宜的玉米干物质累积量(DM)估算模型,通过2017—2019年在吉林省长春地区开展的3年农田试验,观测玉米生育期内作物根区20 cm地温、40 cm地温、农田气温、作物冠层温度以及玉米地上部干物质累积量等数据,建立基于不同有效积温的Logistic模型及其归一化模型,并用实测数据进行模型验证。结果表明,基于有效积温建立的Logistic模型可以模拟单株玉米干物质累积量生长,但不同地点、不同年份所建立的模型参数差异较大; Logistic归一化模型能够很好地模拟区域玉米干物质增长,在利用实测数据进行模型验证中,基于作物根区20 cm地温、40 cm地温、农田气温和作物冠层温度4种类型有效积温的Logistic归一化模型,其均方根误差、相对误差、决定系数和模型一致性系数都能达到较优值;以2019年数据建立的Logistic归一化模型对玉米干物质累积量模拟效果最优;基于有效冠层积温的Logistic归一化模型模拟效果较优。本研究结果可为灌区精量灌溉决策和管理提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

干旱缺水灌区节水灌溉评价标准及其分析     

姚崇仁 《中国农村水利水电》1995,(6)

在分析节水灌溉定义内涵的基础上，提出了评价干旱缺水灌区农田节水灌溉的目标标准和技术标准，并对这些评价标准的运用进行了讨论。  相似文献   

水稻旱作覆膜节水增产试验研究     

吴珠明  时光宇  鲍炳钧 《中国农村水利水电》2001,(2):22-23

通过水稻旱作全程覆膜与半程覆膜、旱作不覆膜及水栽对比试验，研究其耗水规律，计算其节水量与增产量，并进行经济效益分析，提出了适合本地区的栽培模式。  相似文献   

不同生育期水稻干物质量与产量的关系研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈青春  蓝盾  赵新飞  张大伟  张永顺  付丽娇  李明  李艳大 《湖北农业科学》2017,56(7)

为明确不同生育期的干物重对粤晶丝苗2号、粤农丝苗、合美占3个水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种的产量及产量构成因素的影响,设置了早造和晚造两次不同氮肥梯度随机区组栽培试验。结果表明,叶片干物质的分配比例在拔节孕穗期时最高,且其随着生育进程逐渐降低,在乳熟期达到最低值;茎干物质的分配比例在乳熟期降至最低;齐穗期的穗干物质分配比例不到20%,而乳熟期的穗干物质量将近占总干物质量的43%;早造和晚造水稻的结实率差异极显著,总干重差异显著,而穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重、产量差异不显著;齐穗期以后,结实率和千粒重均与干物重呈负相关,而叶干重与穗数呈显著正相关,且相关性较大,茎干重与各产量性状密切相关,总干重与产量呈正相关。水稻干物重是决定高产的重要因素。  相似文献   

Effects of Shading on Chlorophyll Content,Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis of Subterranean Clover     

R. P. Mauro  A. Occhipinti  A. M. G. Longo  G. Mauromicale 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(1):57-66

A field‐experiment (2004/2005 and 2005/2006 seasons) was conducted in the coastal plain of south‐eastern Sicily (37°03′N, 15°18′E, 15 m a.s.l.), on a Calcixerollic Xerochrepts soil, aimed at quantifying the effect of shading on chlorophyll (Chl) content, Chl fluorescence, photosynthesis and growth of subterranean clover. Four levels of photosynthetically active radiation reduction (from 0 % to 90 %) were tested on Trifolium brachycalycinum cv. ‘Clare’ and Trifolium subterraneum ecotype ‘Ragalna’. In both species shading progressively increased F_v/F_m, internal CO₂ concentration, diffusive leaf resistance and specific leaf area (up to 8 %, 34 %, 18 % and 68 %, respectively), and decreased Chl content, T_max, photosynthetic rate and plant dry weight (up to 9 %, 24 %, 79 % and 39 %, respectively). As plants aged, characteristic bell‐shaped trends were evident for photosynthetic parameters, with F_v/F_m increasing up until the onset of flowering, and thereafter declining. This implies that F_v/F_m may be a useful indicator of earliness in subterranean clover genotypes. The aboveground dry biomass response to shading was both genotype‐ and season‐dependent, but was predictable from the measurement of relative leaf Chl content. Moreover, our results suggest that an improvement in the interaction between host‐rhizobium may represent a major potential breeding target for enhancing subterranean clover tolerance to shading.  相似文献   

威灵仙酒炙提取工艺研究     

王春兰  周舒君 《吉林农业科技学院学报》2012,(1):1-2

以威灵仙根部为原料,采用黄酒用量、干燥条件、提取时间三因素,三水平的L9（34）正交试验设计,以水煎物干膏提取率、薄层层析检测威灵仙中的三萜皂苷为主要考核指标。结果表明：黄酒用量对威灵仙总皂苷提取率有极显著影响,烘干条件有显著影响,提取时间对试验结果影响不显著,表明影响因素最大的是黄酒用量,其次是干燥条件。  相似文献   

高水肥密植条件下大豆地上部干物重变化动态     

宋英博 《黑龙江农业科学》2010,(9):118-119

在高施有机肥、地下亚表层灌水、窄行密植栽培模式下,对大豆合农60及对照品种垦丰16地上部干物质变化动态进行分析。结果表明:合农60荚干重增加明显,后期干物重积累迅速。在高水肥和小垄密植栽培条件下,窄行密植品种间存在差异,合农60为抗倒伏,适合于窄行密植的高产品种。  相似文献   

Soil conservation on road embankments using palm‐mat geotextiles: field studies in Lithuania     

B. Jankauskas  G. Jankauskiene  M. A. Fullen 《Soil Use and Management》2012,28(2):266-275

The application of geotextile mats constructed from the palm leaves of Borassus aethiopum (Borassus) and Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti) was investigated in field experiments. The use of geotextiles caused improved soil moisture storage during dry summer periods on a steep (21–25°) roadside slope in Lithuania. The enhanced soil moisture under the Borassus and Buriti mats encouraged better root development of perennial grasses, increased the number and weight of earthworms and increased the dry biomass of perennial grasses by 50.5 and 18.2%, respectively, compared with a grassland control. The mean rate of water erosion from bare soil during the study period from 17/04/2007 to 11/12/2008 was 33.21 Mg/ha. The cover of palm‐mat geotextiles decreased soil losses from bare fallow soil by 94.8–91.1%. An erosion rate of 0.85 Mg/ha over this 21‐month period was measured on the slope under perennial grasses without geotextile cover. Application of geotextile cover on perennial grasses completely prevented soil erosion by water. Therefore, use of geotextiles has clear soil and water conservation benefits on industrial slopes susceptible to erosion. The use of geotextiles has multiple benefits including soil conservation, the improvement of plant growth conditions and the encouragement of earthworm populations.  相似文献   

覆膜甜椒干物质积累与养分吸收分配规律的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蔡绍珍  陈建美 《山东农业科学》1990,(1):15-19

地膜覆盖栽培提高了土壤的供肥能力,促进了甜椒对养分的吸收。在甜椒整个生育过程中,土壤养分含量前期较高,以后逐减,与植株养分吸收强度成负相关。覆膜甜椒前期需肥较少,吸肥高峰出现在采收至采收盛期,此间养分供需存在尖锐矛盾。对覆膜甜椒增施半腐熟有机肥,磷、钾化肥与有机肥混合栽前全层施入,结果至采收期分次适当多追氮素化肥,将有助子产量的提高。  相似文献