披碱草内生真菌共生体中麦角生物碱的组织分布与季节动态     

徐瑞  南志标  周雁飞  李春杰 《草业学报》2012,21(3):84-92

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测了2009年4,6,8和10月采集的雾灵山、沁源、五台山和百望山等4个侵染了Neotyphodium属内生真菌的披碱草种群的叶片、茎、叶鞘和根以及10月采集的种子中2种麦角生物碱(麦角酰胺和麦角新碱)的含量。结果表明,在4,6和8月,4个披碱草种群的麦角酰胺主要分布在叶片(5.037~ 30.037 mg/kg)和叶鞘(6.259~22.255 mg/kg),10月,麦角酰胺主要集中在种子(5.045~8.971 mg/kg)和叶片(3.119~6.658 mg/kg);各种群的叶片、茎秆和叶鞘中麦角酰胺在4或6月含量(13.831~30.037 mg/kg)最高,8或10月含量(3.119~6.658 mg/kg)显著减小(P<0.05),根中8月麦角酰胺(0.552~0.576 mg/kg)显著低于其他月份(P<0.05)。麦角新碱含量的分布与麦角酰胺相似,4,6和8月主要分布于叶片(2.206~8.226 mg/kg)和叶鞘(0.268~5.490 mg/kg)中,10月主要集中于种子(1.647~5.664 mg/kg)和叶片(1.353~2.251 mg/kg)中;各种群的叶片、茎秆和叶鞘中麦角新碱在4或6月(5.102~8.226 mg/kg)最高,8或10月含量(1.353~2.251 mg/kg)显著减小(P<0.05),根中麦角新碱在8月含量(0.128~0.283 mg/kg)低于其他月份。不同生长时期,4个披碱草种群整株中麦角酰胺和麦角新碱的含量均不同。麦角生物碱的总含量中麦角酰胺显著高于麦角新碱(P<0.05),麦角酰胺和麦角新碱呈极显著线性正相关(P<0.01)关系,相关系数为r=0.827。  相似文献   

短短芽胞杆菌对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性和抑菌机理     

周金伟  周红丽  易有金  柏连阳  李高阳 《植物保护学报》2016,43(4):600-607

为探讨短短芽胞杆菌菌株011对植物病原真菌的防控效果,采用平皿打孔法测定菌株011粗提液对14种植物病原真菌的抑制作用,并以番茄早疫病为研究对象,研究了其抑菌机理。结果显示,菌株011粗提液对14种病原真菌均有抑菌活性,其中对番茄早疫病菌的抑菌活性最强,抑菌率达45.9%;菌株011粗提液能导致番茄早疫病菌菌丝生长异常,抑制孢子萌发;对番茄早疫病菌菌丝生长的EC50为71.4 mg/m L,对孢子萌发的EC50和MIC分别为0.12 mg/m L和0.8 mg/m L;该粗提液能引起番茄早疫病菌菌丝的脂质过氧化程度和细胞内过氧化氢含量上升,菌丝细胞膜的蛋白质合成量下降,当粗提液浓度高于50 mg/m L时,菌丝细胞膜的麦角甾醇合成量下降;该粗提液还能降低番茄早疫病菌胞外果胶酶和纤维素酶的活性。研究表明,菌株011粗提液可作为生防制剂应用于植物病原真菌的防治。  相似文献   

轮纹病菌拮抗性大豆根瘤内生菌的筛选、抗性和促生作用          下载免费PDF全文

赵龙飞  徐亚军  常佳丽 《中国生物防治学报》2016,32(3):396-405

从河南部分地区采集的大豆根瘤中分离276株内生细菌,采用平板对峙法进行初筛、复筛和内生菌发酵滤液抑菌活性测定,对拮抗性代表菌株进行大豆轮纹病菌菌丝抑制效果显微观察、菌体生理生化特性测试、16SrDNA测序、系统发育分析及抗盐碱性试验和接种试验。结果表明,17株初筛内生菌经复筛和发酵滤液抑菌活性测定,其中8株抑菌率达50%以上;受作用菌丝发生扭结、缠绕成环状,菌丝末端分枝增多、变细、透明,部分菌丝末端膨大、原生质浓缩、断裂,一些菌丝被内生菌形成生物薄膜包埋、逐渐消融。8株内生菌中5株(DD013、DD123、DD156、DD159、DD287)初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌属Bacillus,DD150为赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属Lysinibacillu、DD267为肠杆菌属Enterobacter,菌株DD303为苍白杆菌属Ochrobactrum。抗盐碱性生长曲线表明,菌株DD287对3%NaCl盐浓度具有一定抗性,在碱性环境(pH8)下能正常生长,随pH(9~11)增大,菌体生长量受影响。部分拮抗性菌株对大豆生长有促进作用。筛选拮抗性菌株对丰富生物防治菌种资源具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Diversity and identification of fungi associated with needles of Pinus radiata in Tasmania     

Istiana Prihatini  Morag Glen  Tim J Wardlaw  Caroline L Mohammed 《Southern Forests》2016,78(1):19-34

Needle fungi have been extensively studied in conifers but rarely in Pinus radiata. Previous studies of P. radiata have been based on fungal isolation and not direct PCR detection from needles. This research was a component of a study examining factors linked to spring needle cast (SNC) in Tasmanian P. radiata plantations and aimed to identify as many as possible of the fungal species commonly associated with P. radiata needles in Tasmanian plantations. Needle samples were collected from 13 sites representative of the range of sites in which P. radiata is grown in Tasmania. Fungi were detected by a direct PCR approach and identified using barcode sequences from a reference collection of isolates from Tasmania, mainland Australia and New Zealand as well as sequences from the international nucleotide sequence databases. The total number of molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) was 152, with 127 detected by direct PCR and sequencing, and only 35 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) isolated by culture-based methods. Dothideomycetes was the most diverse class detected in this study, with many MOTUs detected by direct PCR and not isolated. Leotiomycetes was the second-most diverse class and Sordariomycetes third, with several OTUs frequently isolated but rarely or not at all detected by direct PCR. DNA sequence data facilitated the discrimination and identification of OTUs, but some effort was required to avoid confusion caused by poorly identified isolates in public DNA databases. This is the most comprehensive study yet of fungi associated with pine needles in Australia and highlights the hitherto unrecognised diversity of Teratosphaeriaceae in P. radiata.  相似文献   

罗汉松内生真菌的抑菌活性研究     

冉雪琴  何映霞  孙端方  叶静  王嘉福 《中国畜牧兽医》2014,41(8):219-223

为了研究药用植物内生真菌的次生代谢产物是否具有抑菌活性,以96株罗汉松内生真菌为研究材料,将菌丝及其培养液经氯仿-甲醇抽提后,采用杯碟法测定了全部菌株的抑菌活性。罗汉松内生真菌中49%的菌株具有抑菌作用,其中菌株LHS18、LHS42、LHS67、LHS92和LHS93抽提物经100倍稀释后对金黄色葡萄球菌仍有强的抑菌作用,菌株LHS30抽提物的100倍稀释溶液对大肠杆菌的生长有强烈的抑制作用。对抑菌活性较强的6株菌根据其ITS序列相似性进行了分子鉴定。菌株LHS18和LHS42鉴定为烟曲霉（Aspergillus fumigatus）,LHS92为四孢脉孢菌（Neurospora tetrasperma）,LHS30为丝枝霉（Aphanocladium sp.）,LHS67为拟茎点霉（Phomopsis liquidambari）,LHS93未能鉴定出种属。研究结果提示,罗汉松内生真菌中49%菌株具有抑菌活性,其中6株菌对动物和人类的病原菌有强列的抑制作用,是挖掘高效抑菌物质的重要资源。  相似文献   

砂生槐根瘤内抗小麦纹枯病生防菌株的筛选及其鉴定     

何建清  张格杰  赵伟进  王孝先 《麦类作物学报》2019,(4):495-403

为了筛选对小麦纹枯病菌具有生防作用的菌株,从西藏米林县采集的砂生槐根瘤中分离到45株内生细菌,采用平板对峙法、菌丝生长速率法进行拮抗菌株筛选,用显微观察法研究受抑制病原菌菌丝变化;通过摇瓶培养法测定所筛选拮抗菌株的溶磷、固氮及分泌IAA功能,并对其进行盆栽接种防效试验;依据形态观察、生理生化反应及16S rDNA序列同源性分析确定所筛选菌株系统发育地位。结果表明,经过初筛和复筛,45株内生菌中,菌株R4对小麦纹枯病菌的拮抗效果较明显,对其抑菌圈直径达20.5 mm,抑菌率达98.2%,显著推迟菌核的萌发。受R4作用的小麦纹枯病菌菌丝末端分枝增多、部分原生质浓缩、形成瘤状结。菌株R4抗菌谱广,具有溶磷、固氮和分泌IAA活性。盆栽防效试验中,经菌株R4发酵液处理后,小麦纹枯病发病率和病情指数均显著降低,防治效果最高达73.82%。通过形态、生理生化特性及16S rDNA基因序列同源性比对分析,该菌株被鉴定为土地类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus terrae。  相似文献   

菌核生枝顶孢霉次生代谢物对桃褐斑致病菌的抑制效果     

姚秀英  刘南南  王桂清 《农业科技与装备》2019,(3):18-22

菌核生枝顶孢霉(Acremoniumsclerotigenum)作为枝顶孢属真菌的优势种,其次生代谢产物多样。为了明确其对植物病害致病菌的抑制效果,以桃褐斑致病菌(Alternariaalternata)为靶标菌,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定6种发酵液的抑菌活性。结果表明:PD培养基发酵液提取物对桃褐斑致病菌的抑制效果最好,对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的EC50分别为53.6734mg/L和808.1584mg/L;培养5d的PD培养基发酵液的抑菌效果最好,对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的EC50分别为1.4458mg/L和309.6318mg/L;菌核生枝顶孢霉发酵液对桃褐斑致病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果优于对孢子萌发效果。该研究结果为将其开发成生物源农药奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

Comparison of rhizosphere and endophytic microbial communities of Chinese leek through high-throughput 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing     

Yong-hong HUANG 《农业科学学报》2018,17(2):359-367

Chinese leek (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel) is a common vegetable in China. In our previous study, Chinese leek in rotation was found to have significant antifungal and nematicidal activity. This study's aim was to investigate the potential antifungal and nematicidal activity associated with rhizosphere or endophytic microbes of Chinese leek. Thus, a total of 79 261 high-quality sequences were obtained from Chinese leek rhizosphere soil, leaf and root samples. In the rhizosphere soil, the bacterial community comprised five dominant phyla: Proteobacteria (37.85%), Acidobacteria (10.99%), Bacteroidetes (8.24%), Cyanobacteria (7.79%) and Planctomycetes (7.1%). The leaf and root bacterial communities comprised two dominant phyla: Cyanobacteria (83.42% in leaf and 75.44% in root) and Proteobacteria (14.75% in leaf and 21.04% in root). Microbial diversity, richness and evenness in the rhizosphere soil bacterial community were higher than that in the endophytic bacterial communities. The rhizosphere bacterial community was significantly different from the endophytic bacterial communities. The endophytic bacterial communities from the leaf and the root were slightly, but not significantly different from each other. This study's findings would contribute to the isolation and identification of nematicidal and antifungal bacterial communities in Chinese leek.  相似文献   

华石斛内生真菌组织分布特点及其抑菌活性     

柴晓蕾  宋希强  朱婕 《热带作物学报》2018,39(1):137-144

植物内生菌种类繁多,且具有较丰富的生物学功能。从海南特有药用植物华石斛(Dendrobium sinense)野生植株中分离内生真菌,初步探索其组织分布特点及抑菌活性。结果表明:从华石斛中分离内生真菌179株,通过ITS序列将之划为51个OTU,分属于25个属以上的类群,其中叶点霉属(Phyllosticta)为优势属。仅轮层炭壳属广泛存在于华石斛根、茎、叶中,其余类群皆存在一定的组织偏好性,其中18个类群只在一种组织中分布。叶中分离的菌株数最多,占比60.33%。不同培养基条件下分离得到的内生真菌种类也存在明显差异,以PDA和华石斛粉培养基分离到的内生菌类群最多,分别为12种,各占总分离类群的48%。12属36个菌株对至少1种供试菌具有抑制效果,其中抑菌生物活性最强的菌株为拟盘多毛孢属(Pestalotiopsis)1株和蓝状菌属(Talaromyces)1株。上述研究结果表明,华石斛内生真菌多样性丰富,部分菌株具有较强抑菌生物活性。这为华石斛内生菌资源的深入开发奠定理论基础,为进一步创制农用杀菌制剂提供依据。   相似文献   

铜尾矿库白羊草内生真菌的分布及rDNA-ITS系统发育     

曹苗文  贾彤  景炬辉  柴宝峰 《草业学报》2017,26(5):163-172

对北方铜业铜矿峪矿十八河尾矿库的优势植被白羊草内生真菌染菌率进行调查,采集活体植株进行叶鞘内生真菌分离,并对白羊草内生真菌的形态特征及孢子形态进行描述,同时,选取其中16株进行5.8S-ITS扩增、测序和系统发育分析。结果表明,从生长在4个不同恢复年限子坝的白羊草中分离出形态不同的内生真菌,其中以白色菌落居多,生长速度位于5.515~12.548 mm/d之间。孢子形态以球型和椭圆型为主,大小介于2.085~7.072 μm之间。分子鉴定结果显示16种内生真菌属于3个属,为赤霉属(Gibberella)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、青霉属(Penicillium),恢复30年与5年的子坝白羊草内生真菌遗传距离最小,亲缘关系最近,恢复45年与15年的子坝白羊草内生真菌亲缘关系最远。铜矿库不同恢复年限的土壤环境可能导致白羊草感染内生真菌的多样性,这为进一步丰富铜尾矿库内生真菌资源,揭示生活在铜尾矿的白羊草内生真菌的生态功能提供理论依据。  相似文献