基于高光谱联合流化床富集的红葡萄酒白藜芦醇检测     

刘贵珊  房盟盟  冯愈钦  郭红艳  何建国 《农业机械学报》2017,48(7):301-308

利用高光谱成像技术联合流化床富集技术对红葡萄酒中微量成分白藜芦醇的含量进行快速检测。通过高效液相色谱法检测红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇的含量,设计流化床富集装置,研究HPD826、DA-201、AB-8、H103、HPD600共5种树脂对红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇的富集效果,筛选出H103树脂富集效果最优。将H103大孔吸附树脂用于富集红葡萄酒中的白藜芦醇。获取吸附白藜芦醇后树脂的高光谱反射图像(900~1 700 nm),对比5种光谱预处理方法(MSC、SNV、SG-S、RN、QN)对白藜芦醇含量的建模效果,优选出RN预处理方法;建立PLSR、SVMR(LK-SVMR、PKSVMR、RBF-SVMR和S-SVMR)、PCR的6种回归模型,优选出LK-SVMR校正模型和PLSR校正模型,将其用于预测集样本进一步评价模型的精度和稳定性,最终确定PLSR模型为最佳模型。研究表明,基于RN-PLSR的红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇的定量预测模型相关系数R_P=0.852 8,预测集均方根误差为0.036 0,R_C=0.878 3,校正集均方根误差为0.033 0,预测效果最佳,为高光谱技术在微量、痕量成分检测方面的应用提供了参考。  相似文献   

纤维素降解菌对农业有机废弃物发酵进行CO2施肥的作用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

都韶婷  杜静  章永松  林咸永  于承艳 《植物营养与肥料学报》2007,13(4):625-630

采用室内培养和大棚试验相结合,对分离的3种纤维素降解菌在有机废弃物发酵释放CO2中的作用及其对增加大棚CO2浓度的效果进行了研究。结果表明,分离获得的三种菌均能明显促进有机废弃物发酵CO2的释放,其中菌A和菌C的效果优于菌B;3种菌混合接种时效果最佳。在大棚栽培条件下,昼间CO2浓度大部分时间低于300μL/L,处于亏缺状态;采用棚中不接种直接发酵也可大幅提高大棚的CO2浓度,但释放的时间只有9 d左右;采用3种菌混合接种的方法棚内全天维持CO2浓度800μL/L以上的时间可达14 d以上。  相似文献   

CO₂施肥对黄瓜幼苗矿质营养吸收与分配的影响     

魏珉  尹燕东  王秀峰  邢禹贤 《农业工程学报》2005,21(14):99-102

以土培和砂培黄瓜幼苗为试材，研究CO₂施肥对植株矿质营养吸收和分配的影响。结果表明：每天上午以1100±100 μl/L CO₂浓度施肥3 h或上、下午各施肥3 h明显降低植株各部位多数矿质元素的含量，CO₂施肥时间延长，降幅增大。CO₂施肥增强了黄瓜对矿质元素的吸收能力，使单株吸收总量显著增加，且施肥时间越长，吸收数量越多。因此，在CO₂施肥的同时应增加矿质营养的供给。  相似文献   

Impact of atmospheric CO₂ and plant life forms on soil microbial activities     

Gilles Pinay  Patricia Barbera  Nathalie Fromin  Marie Madeleine Couteaux  Laurent Philippot 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(1):33-42

From the global change perspective, increase of atmospheric CO₂ and land cover transformation are among the major impacts caused by human activities. In this study, we are addressing the combined issues of the effect of CO₂ concentration increase and plant type on soil microbial activities by asking how annual and perennial plant groups affect soil microbial processes under elevated CO₂. The experimental design used a mix of species of different growth forms for both annuals and perennials. Our objective was: (1) to determine how two years of annual or perennial plant cover and CO₂ enrichment could affect Mediterranean soil microbial processes; (2) to test the resistance and the resilience of these soil functional processes after a natural perturbation. We determined the effects of 2 years atmospheric CO₂ enrichment on soil potential respiration (SIR), denitrification (DEA) and nitrification (NEA) activities. We could not find any significant effect of CO₂ increase on SIR, DEA and NEA. However, we found a strong effect of the plant cover type, i.e. annuals versus perennials, on the potential microbial activity related to N cycling. DEA and NEA were significantly higher in soil under annual plants while SIR was not significantly different. To determine whether these changes would survive a natural perturbation, we carried out a rain event experiment once the experimental treatments (i.e. different plant cover and atmospheric CO₂ concentration) were stopped. The soil potential respiration, as expressed by the SIR, was not affected and remained stable. DEA rates converged rapidly under annuals and perennials after the rain event. Under both annuals and perennials NEA increased significantly after the rain event but remained significantly higher in the soil with annual plants. The relative change of the soil microbial processes induced by annual and perennial plants was inversely related to the density and the diversity of the corresponding microbial functional groups.  相似文献   

刺参微卫星DNA分子标记的分离及筛选     

丁君  曹洁  李润玲  孙效文  常亚青 《大连水产学院学报》2006,21(2):95-99

采用磁珠富集法分离刺参Apostichopus japonicus的微卫星分子标记,共获得阳性克隆123个,其中106个含微卫星DNA序列。分析结果表明:完美型有48个,占45.28%,非完美型有39个,占36.79%,复合型有19个,占17.92%;重复碱基数以双核苷酸重复最常见,占84.91%,双核苷酸中又以CA/GT重复所占比例最大;在重复次数方面,以重复数为3~10次、11~18次和≥35次最为常见,各占39.62%、26.42%和16.98%,重复数达100次以上的有5个,最多的达到148次,有28个微卫星序列微卫星含量丰富。筛选的22对引物中,可产生出扩增产物的有17对,其中16对引物的产物带在预测区域内出现;有7对引物在中国、俄罗斯刺参模板中表现出多态性。文中还对刺参微卫星的特点进行分析,对刺参微卫星引物的PCR筛选结果进行了探讨。  相似文献   

A 13CO2 Enrichment Experiment to Study the Synthesis Pathways of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of the Haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea     

Marine Remize  Frdric Planchon  Matthieu Garnier  Ai Ning Loh  Fabienne Le Grand  Antoine Bideau  Christophe Lambert  Rudolph Corvaisier  Aswani Volety  Philippe Soudant 《Marine drugs》2022,20(1)

The production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in Tisochrysis lutea was studied using the gradual incorporation of a ¹³C-enriched isotopic marker, ¹³CO₂, for 24 h during the exponential growth of the algae. The ¹³C enrichment of eleven fatty acids was followed to understand the synthetic pathways the most likely to form the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) in T. lutea. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1n-9 + 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6, and 22:5n-6 were the most enriched in ¹³C. On the contrary, 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3 were the least enriched in ¹³C after long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 or 22:5n-3. The algae appeared to use different routes in parallel to form its polyunsaturated fatty acids. The use of the PKS pathway was hypothesized for polyunsaturated fatty acids with n-6 configuration (such as 22:5n-6) but might also exist for n-3 PUFA (especially 20:5n-3). With regard to the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway, Δ6 desaturation of 18:3n-3 appeared to be the most limiting step for T. lutea, “stopping” at the synthesis of 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3. These two fatty acids were hypothesized to not undergo any further reaction of elongation and desaturation after being formed and were therefore considered “end-products”. To circumvent this limiting synthetic route, Tisochrysis lutea seemed to have developed an alternative route via Δ8 desaturation to produce longer chain fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3. 22:6n-3 presented a lower enrichment and appeared to be produced by a combination of different pathways: the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway by desaturation of 22:5n-3, the alternative route of ω-3 desaturase using 22:5n-6 as precursor, and possibly the PKS pathway. In this study, PKS synthesis looked particularly effective for producing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The rate of enrichment of these compounds hypothetically synthesized by PKS is remarkably fast, making undetectable the ¹³C incorporation into their precursors. Finally, we identified a protein cluster gathering PKS sequences of proteins that are hypothesized allowing n-3 PUFA synthesis.  相似文献   

增加光照及其与改变源库互作对大豆产量构成因素的影响   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

刘晓冰  S. J. Herbert  金剑  张秋英  李艳华  王光华 《大豆科学》2006,25(1):6-10

生殖生长期间的光照强度是决定大豆产量的关键环境因素.在美国麻省和中国黑龙江两地,通过在不同时期,对不同密度的大豆群体进行增加光照和改变源库处理,研究了两地产量及产量构成因素对增加光照光变化的反应.结果表明,不同时期增加光照光处理的增产效果不同,开花初期和结荚初期增加光照最为明显,花期增加光照增加单株荚粒数,而结荚初期增加光照增加百粒重.鼓粒期增加光照处理,百粒重不同品种在不同密度条件下增产不显著,说明鼓粒期后的光照条件对大豆产量及百粒重的调节有限.在不同的光照条件下,源库在产量形成中的作用不同.在自然光照条件下,剪叶处理产量下降幅度较去荚大,即源在产量形成中更加重要些,而在花期的增加光照处理条件下,库也成为影响产量的重要因子,可见,光照条件在源库关系中起着显著的协调作用.  相似文献   

[CO₂]升高对粮食作物影响的研究进展     

宋练  蔡创  朱春梧 《农业环境科学学报》2020,39(4):786-796

自工业革命以来,由人类活动引起的大气CO_2浓度([CO_2])不断攀升,正驱动着全球气候变化,对全球农业产生重大影响。本文归纳总结了目前作物对高[CO_2]响应的主要研究技术手段,以及作物对高[CO_2]响应的机理研究,并进一步梳理了当前全球关于[CO_2]升高对作物产量和营养品质影响的研究。结果表明:相比封闭式或半封闭式环境控制试验系统,开放式试验系统(如开放式CO_2控制系统FACE)由于其能更加真实地模拟自然条件下作物对未来高[CO_2]的响应和适应情况,被公认为是目前研究作物对高[CO_2]响应的最理想手段。[CO_2]增高会增加C3作物光合速率、生物量和产量,在一定程度上缓解气候变化对农作物产生的负面影响,但是作物对大气[CO_2]的升高存在光合适应现象,当作物长期暴露在高[CO_2]条件下时,高[CO_2]对作物的促进作用会逐渐减缓。近10年的FACE试验发现,对高[CO_2]出现高应答的水稻品种,其光合速率和产量在高[CO_2]下的增加幅度比早期的主要粮食作物FACE试验结果平均高出两倍。此外,高[CO_2]会明显降低大部分非豆科C3作物中蛋白质和矿物质(如锌、铁)以及部分维生素的含量,加剧目前全球约2亿人由于维生素和矿物质元素等营养缺乏导致的健康问题。如何充分利用未来高[CO_2]实现高增产的同时,减缓粮食养分下降的负面影响,是迫切需要解决的科学问题。  相似文献   

富硒猕猴桃高产栽培技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜永 《中国果菜》2020,(2):77-80

鲜嫩的果肉、独特的风味以及丰富的营养价值,使得猕猴桃被称为“维C之王”,微量元素硒对人体的健康至关重要。江苏北部自然资源丰富,适宜种植富硒猕猴桃,且临近上海等沿海经济带,有利于猕猴桃的保质保量运输和及时供应市场。本文主要分析了江苏北部地区优质猕猴桃的配套种植技术,从苗木的选择到高产措施,为高品质富硒猕猴桃的生产提供技术支持。  相似文献   

养殖环境对小龙虾体内的重金属水平及其分布的影响研究     

魏唯 《现代农业科技》2020,(16)

本实验研究小龙虾各部位重金属的分布规律以及环境对小龙虾影响,并探索小龙虾在富集和去除重金属方面的潜在价值。选择泰州与连云港的小龙虾及养殖底泥和水体进行取样,利用AAS和ICP-AES检测了样品中Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr、Ni和Cd的浓度。实验表明：小龙虾肉可以放心食用,但虾头(含虾黄)与虾壳中重金属均严重超标;龙虾按不同周期检测出来的重金属数据相差不大,按雄雌来分也无明显变化规律。Pearson 相关性分析表明小龙虾体内重金属与底泥高度相关(r>0.8)。人工饲养小龙虾实验结果显示小龙虾体内重金属和水体内的浓度总体上具一定的相关性。  相似文献