3种球囊霉属真菌对盆栽木薯生长影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄华成唐光大  罗晓莹庄雪影 陈咏娟 《华南农业大学学报》2005,26(4):43-47

应用盆栽试验法,单独接种球囊霉属Glomus菌种：根内球囊霉G．intraradices（Gi）、木薯球囊霉Gmanihotis（Gm）和幼套球囊霉Getunicatum（Ge）菌剂及混合菌剂（2G）,检测不同接种条件下对盆栽木薯Manihot esculenta根系的侵染能力及其对木薯生长的影响．3个试验菌种均可与木薯形成疆南星型（Arum—type）丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM）,其中Gi和Gm均可在菌根内形成根内孢子．2G和Gi均显示较强的侵染能力,Gm在早期的侵染较慢,但在后期的感染率较高,Ge侵染能力最差．2G、Gi和Gm处理组木薯的高度生长均比非接种处理的对照组好,但只有2G处理组无论株高生长还是生物积累均达到显著水平,其他处理组差异不显著,Ge处理组木薯在叶部和根部生物量的积累有负向影响．  相似文献   

Ovule dichotomy per locule of the trilocular pistil in cassava,Manihot esculenta: a useful abnormality for increased seed production?     

M. N. Ogburia    T. Adachi  T. Yabuya 《Plant Breeding》2000,119(2):191-192

Histologically, the cassava pistil is trilocular with a single ovule in each locule producing a maximum of three seeds in nature. Heat stress (35°/45°C, night/day temperatures), as a physical treatment was attempted to induce useful reproductive and vegetative traits in 10 F₁ hybrids derived from ‘OMR 36‐41’and ‘OMR 36‐42’crosses, and two Asian cassava cultivars,‘Rayong 60’and ‘Rayong 1′, under greenhouse and field conditions. Cytoembryological examination of the repro‐ ductive organs revealed morpho‐structural features of normal pistil in all clones except ‘Rayong 1’which exhibited reproductive variations under greenhouse culture. Genetically, an important variation was ovule dichotomy per locule of the trilocular pistil so that each pistil contained six instead of the usual three ovules and lacked any outer integument. These ovules possessed functional embryo sacs with varying nuclear number. A pair of the dichotomous ovules possessed two embryo sacs of apparent different megaspore mother cells. Vegetatively, F₁ hybrids were dwarf (0.50m) in their phenotype and flowered 1 month earlier than the 1.5‐2.0m tall cultivars under greenhouse conditions.  相似文献   

温盐环境突变对海蜇幼体生存的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王燕青  姜连新  董婧  刘春洋  孙明  王彬 《上海水产大学学报》2007,16(3):259-263

为配合2005年辽东湾渔场海蜇人工增殖放流项目，笔者对人工放流过程中，海蜇幼体由于从育苗室人海而引起的温盐环境突变以及在长途运输过程中引起的死亡率进行实验研究，其死亡率直接影响到海蜇的回捕率，进而对辽东湾渔场海蜇的资源量造成影响。实验中发现，在超出海蜇生存最佳盐度范围（20～30），海蜇在高温（30℃、35℃）条件下，较高盐度组（35、40）较较低盐度组（15、20）的海蜇幼体的生存状态好、成活率高。同时，在低温（10℃、15℃）条件下，较低盐度组（15、20）较较高盐度组（35、40）的海蜇幼体的生存状态好、成活率高。  相似文献   

木薯花药愈伤组织诱导初步研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

席世丽  冯斗  潘玲华 《广西农业科学》2009,40(2):124-127

为探讨不同激素、低温对木薯花药愈伤组织诱导和分化的效果,以木薯华南5号的花药为外植体,接种于含不同激素组合的MS固体培养基,分别进行愈伤组织诱导、继代培养和分化。结果表明,在MS培养基中,随着2,4-D浓度的增加,木薯花药愈伤组织的诱导率不断升高,但诱导时间延长;在培养基中添加6-BA3．0mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L,木薯花药愈伤组织诱导率最高,达100％;在0～5d内,低温处理的时间越长,木薯花药愈伤组织诱导率越低,以不进行低温处理的诱导率最高;在分别含6-BA3．0＋NAA0．2的MS培养基中,花药愈伤组织继续增殖,但未分化出不定芽和不定根,而在添加NAA0．2mg／L＋KT0．5mg/L或2,4-D0．5mg／L＋KT0．5mg／L的培养基中,愈伤组织可分化形成2—5条不定根。今后需在材料基因型、绿苗分化培养基、培养条件等方面对木薯花药培养诱导单倍体做进一步的深入研究。  相似文献   

木薯叶芽和花芽的转录组差异分析     

韦丽君  俞奔驰  吕平  檀小辉  雷开文  马崇熙  卢赛清  唐玉娟 《分子植物育种》2020,(7):2108-2117

本研究以木薯花芽与叶芽为材料,通过Illumina HiSeqTM4000测序平台对其进行转录组测序,结果获得高质量序列45 010 506个、碱基数13.46 Gb,GC含量在43.5%以上、比对效率在78%以上。筛选得到3 782个差异表达基因(DEGs),其中上调2 409个、下调1 373个。DEGs涉及的主要功能有一般功能预测,翻译,复制、重组与修复,信号传导机制,次生产物合成、运输与代谢,翻译后修饰、蛋白质周转和分子伴侣,氨基酸运输与代谢,碳水化合物运输与代谢。DEGs显著富集的KEGG通路主要有植物激素信号传导、苯丙烷类生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、苯丙氨酸代谢、氨基酸的生物合成和碳代谢。获得植物开花相关基因47个,其中39个上调表达、8个下调表达。研究结果在一定程度上解析了木薯花芽分化的分子机制,并为后续的深入研究提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

Erratum     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):959-963

Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) is perhaps one example of a crop exceptionally adapted to marginal conditions, although it too performs poorly in extreme soil acidity conditions. The differential response of cassava cultivars to high levels of KCl‐extractable soil Al in a Typic Tropudult of Panama is reported in this study. High levels of soil Al reduced plant height and root yields of most cultivars, although some genotypes showed good potential to produce acceptable root yields at Al levels above 5 cmol (p⁺)/kg. Cultivars showed distinctive leaf area indices (LAI) and leaf area distribution patterns that in some cases appeared to be Al toxicity related. Two possible ways Al might have affected LAI, leaf area distribution and hence root yields are suggested: 1) impairment of its ability to develop and sustain leaf area, and 2) disturbance of its capacity to distribute and accumulate assimilates by roots.  相似文献   

不同槟榔芋品种生长特性及产量对比研究     

成文  肖深根 《作物研究》2014,(3):288-290

为进一步筛选和拓展适宜湖南栽种的槟榔芋种质资源,在湖南望城对比分析了福建福鼎槟榔芋、广西荔浦槟榔芋以及湖南祁阳槟榔芋3个品种在湖南省生态区域种植的生长特性及产量表现。结果表明：福建福鼎槟榔芋的地上干物质积累和叶面积都高于其他两个品种,侧根干重也表现出同样的趋势;福建福鼎槟榔芋的产量显著高于广西荔浦槟榔芋和湖南祁阳槟榔芋,主要表现在芋头个体的差异上。因此,福建福鼎槟榔芋可以在湖南生态区域推广种植。  相似文献   

江西铅山红芽芋试管苗对盐胁迫的生理响应     

洪森荣  尹明华  林国卫  王艾平  易雪梅  叶志康  黄丽  余琪  肖淮宾 《热带作物学报》2014,35(10):2013-2019

以江西铅山红芽芋试管苗为材料,研究其对盐胁迫的生理响应。结果表明:(1)低浓度的Na Cl(如1、2.5 g/L)有助于试管苗的生长发育,试管苗鲜重和干重显著增加,但对根冠比无显著影响。而高浓度的Na Cl(如5、10、15 g/L)则抑制了试管苗的生长发育,试管苗鲜重、干重和根冠比明显下降。(2)低浓度的Na Cl(如1、2.5 g/L)有利于增加叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性。但高浓度的Na Cl(如5、10、15 g/L)则降低叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量,降低SOD和POD活性。(3)任何浓度的Na Cl胁迫均会导致红芽芋叶片Na+含量和根系K+含量的增加,且叶片和根系的Na+/K+也随Na Cl浓度增加而升高。(4)任何浓度的Na Cl胁迫均会造成红芽芋试管苗叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的增加。低浓度的Na Cl胁迫不会造成红芽芋试管苗叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞质膜透性的变化,但高浓度的Na Cl胁迫会造成红芽芋试管苗叶片MDA含量和细胞质膜透性的增加。脯氨酸含量与可溶性总糖含量、MDA含量和质膜透性间呈显著的正相关,表明盐胁迫下脯氨酸积累的多少可反映红芽芋试管苗的伤害程度。  相似文献   

华南205木薯及其同源四倍体PSⅡ叶绿素荧光参数差异分析     

宋红艳  张振文  安飞飞  陈霆  李开绵 《热带作物学报》2014,35(12):2410-2413

为研究华南205二倍体木薯及其同源四倍体叶片中光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)叶绿素荧光参数的差异,采用调制式叶绿素荧光成像系统Imaging-Pam对PSⅡ的叶绿素荧光参数进行测定。结果表明:SC205染色体加倍后,叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量均显著提高;叶绿素荧光参数Fo、ΦPSⅡ、q P和ETR均显著升高,NPQ降低,Fv/Fm并未发生显著变化。叶绿素含量及ΦPSⅡ、q P、ETR的上升表明SC205四倍体叶片PSII反应中心捕光能力强、光化学转化效率高,从而提高了叶片的光合速率。  相似文献   

Inheritance of useful traits in cassava grown in subhumid conditions     

N. T. Cach    J. I. Lenis    J. C. Perez    N. Morante    F. Calle    H. Ceballos 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(2):177-182

A diallel study among nine parental clones of cassava was conducted in the subhumid environment on the northern coast of Colombia. Analysis of variance suggested significant effects for the six variables analysed: fresh‐root yield, harvest index, root dry matter content, height of first branching, reaction to thrips and plant‐type scores. General and specific combining ability effects and their interaction with the environment were significant for most of the variables as well. Results suggested that dominance plays a particularly important role in the cases of fresh‐root yield and harvest index but had relatively little importance in the reaction to thrips, dry matter content or height of first branching. Specific breeding approaches are suggested for these traits, depending on the relative importance of additive or non‐additive effects in their inheritance. The correlations among different traits were also analysed and in several cases their magnitude reached statistical and biological significance.  相似文献