竹叶抗氧化物浸泡-乳清分离蛋白涂膜对冷藏富硒虹鳟蛋白质理化性质的影响     

陈俊杰  陈季旺  谭玲  廖鄂  程水源  夏文水 《水产学报》2022,46(7):1282-1292

为从蛋白质水平解释竹叶抗氧化物浸泡-乳清分离蛋白涂膜对富硒虹鳟的保鲜机理,实验将鲜活富硒虹鳟去除头、内脏和表皮,切块后浸泡在1.0%的竹叶抗氧化物（AOB）溶液中（去离子水作为对照）,再进行乳清分离蛋白（WPI）溶液涂膜,25℃下鼓风吹干表面水分后置于4℃冰箱中贮藏1、4、7、10和13 d。测定鱼肉中肌原纤维蛋白和TCA-可溶性肽的含量、蛋白质的分子内价键,以及肌原纤维蛋白的总巯基含量、表面疏水性和二级结构,分析涂膜对冷藏富硒虹鳟蛋白质理化性质的影响。结果显示,冷藏期间,WPI组的肌原纤维蛋白含量和二级结构中β-折叠的含量显著高于对照组。冷藏1～7 d,WPI组的TCA-可溶性肽和二硫键含量以及表面疏水性指数（H₀）显著低于对照组,总巯基含量呈相反趋势,但随着冷藏时间的延长这些差异逐渐减弱。冷藏13 d时,WPI组与对照组无显著差异。3个实验组中,1.0%AOB+WPI组的肌原纤维蛋白、总巯基、氢键、二级结构中α-螺旋和β-折叠的含量在冷藏期间最高,H₀、TCA-可溶性肽、二硫键和二级结构中β-转角含量最低。WPI在鱼块表面形成一层薄膜,可...  相似文献   

不同水稻种衣剂效果对比试验研究     

周立磊  刘健  张海艳  苗中文  王立岩  刘锡滨 《北方水稻》2010,40(4):42-43

通过对市场上常见的几种种衣剂进行对比试验,结果表明,使用种衣剂包衣对种子发芽、长势、病害防治均有很好的效果,优于常规处理,其中稻吉吉种衣剂处理的发芽势和发芽率均优于对照和常规处理,发芽势和发芽率分别可达到98%和96.5%;秧苗素质方面稻吉吉种衣剂处理各项指标均表现最高,其中干物质积累和茎基宽量分别高31.58%和16.3%。  相似文献   

种衣剂添加芸苔素内酯预防玉米冷害药害试验分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

苏前富  张伟  王巍巍  孟玲敏  李红  晋齐鸣  赵振伟  董宝池 《玉米科学》2013,21(1):137-140

在11％福·戊种衣剂中添加不同浓度的0.1％芸苔素内酯(BR),对九单48和东单213进行包衣处理,利用智能光照培养箱和田间错期播种,检验不同包衣处理对低温冷害的防御能力.结果表明,人工控制温度条件下,九单48添加最佳剂量BR出苗率为92％,未添加BR处理出苗率仅为20％,未包衣(对照)出苗率为48％.东单213添加最佳剂量BR出苗率为90％,未添加BR处理出苗率为80％,未包衣(对照)出苗率为52％.田间错期第一批播种处理中,九单48添加BR比未添加出苗率高3.83个百分点;东单213添加BR比未添加出苗率高4.94个百分点.种衣剂中添加适量BR能够有效抵御冷害药害,提高出苗率.  相似文献   

海藻多糖用于食品涂膜保鲜的研究现状     

侯萍  马军  李铭  樊伟伟  陈冬梅 《热带作物学报》2016,36(4):82-85

海藻多糖具有抑菌、抗病毒和抗氧化等多种生物活性,可用于食品的涂膜保鲜。本文概述了海藻多糖的生物活性及其保鲜机理,并将目前已发现的具有活性的海藻多糖种类及其在食品涂膜保鲜中的应用现状、保鲜效果等进行综述,同时对其未来发展趋势进行展望。  相似文献   

Roughness of biopores and cracks in Bt‐horizons assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy          下载免费PDF全文

Martin Leue  Horst H. Gerke 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2016,179(4):529-536

In structured soils, water and reactive solutes can preferentially move through larger inter‐aggregate pores, cracks, and biopores. The surface roughness of such macropores is crucial for describing microbial habitats and the exchange of water and solutes between macropores and the soil matrix together with other properties. The objective of this study was to compare the roughness of intact structural surfaces from the Bt‐horizons of five Luvisols developed on loess and glacial till and to test the applicability of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Samples of 5 to 10 cm edge length with intact structural surfaces including cracks with and without clay‐organic coatings, earthworm burrow walls, and root channels were prepared manually. The surface roughness of these structures was determined with a confocal laser scanning microscope of the type Keyence VK‐X100K. The root‐mean‐squared roughness (R_q) the curvature (R_cu) and the ratio between surface area and base area (R_A) were calculated from selected surface regions of interest of 0.342 mm² with an elevation resolution of 0.02 µm. The roughness was smaller for coated as compared to uncoated cracks and earthworm burrows of the Bt‐horizons. This reduction of roughness by the illuviation of clayey material was similar for the structural surfaces of the coarser textured till‐Bt and the finer‐textured loess‐Bt. This similarity suggested a dominant effect of pedogenesis and a minor effect of the parent material on the roughness levels of structural surfaces in the Bt‐horizons. An expected “smoothing” effect of burrow wall surfaces by earthworm activity was not reflected in the roughness values compared to those of uncoated cracks at the chosen spatial scale. However, for root channel walls from one loess‐Bt, the roughness was reduced as compared to that of other structures. These results suggest that the surface roughness of the structural surface types should separately be considered when describing preferential flow and macropore‐matrix exchange or analysing root growth, microbial habitats, and colloidal transport in structured soils. The confocal laser scanning microscopy technique was found useful for characterizing the roughness of intact structural surfaces.  相似文献   

基于不同地表曲面模型预测土壤有机碳含量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SONG Xiaodong  LIU Feng  ZHANG Ganlin  LI Decheng  ZHAO Yuguo  YANG Jinling 《土壤圈》2017,27(4):681-693

Local terrain attributes,which are derived directly from the digital elevation model,have been widely applied in digital soil mapping.This study aimed to evaluate the mapping accuracy of soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration in 2 zones of the Heihe River in China,by combining prediction methods with local terrain attributes derived from different polynomial models.The prediction accuracy was used as a benchmark for those who may be more concerned with how accurately the variability of soil properties is modeled in practice,rather than how morphometric variables and their geomorphologic interpretations are understood and calculated.In this study,2 neighborhood types (square and circular) and 6 representative algorithms (Evans-Young,Horn,Zevenbergen-Thorne,Shary,Shi,and Florinsky algorithms) were applied.In general,35 combinations of first-and second-order derivatives were produced as candidate predictors for soil mapping using two mapping methods (i.e.,kriging with an external drift and geographically weighted regression).The results showed that appropriate local terrain attribute algorithms could better capture the spatial variation of SOC concentration in a region where soil properties are strongly influenced by the topography.Among the different combinations of first-and second-order derivatives used,there was a best combination with a more accurate estimate.For different prediction methods,the relative improvement in the two zones varied between 0.30％ and 9.68％.The SOC maps resulting from the higher-order algorithms (Zevenbergen-Thorne and Florinsky) yielded less interpolation errors.Therefore,it was concluded that the performance of predictive methods,which incorporated auxiliary variables,could be improved by attempting different terrain analysis algorithms.  相似文献   

流固耦合作用对离心泵内外特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

刘厚林  徐欢  吴贤芳  王凯  谈明高 《农业工程学报》2012,28(13):82-87

应用双向流固耦合方法对导叶式离心泵的外特性和内流场进行分析,研究流固耦合作用对外特性影响的内流机理。流场的定常数值模拟采用雷诺时均方法和标准k-ε湍流模型,非定常数值模拟采用大涡模拟方法,结构响应采用线性瞬态动力学方程。通过对流固耦合前后内部流场的对比,包括叶轮出口处的总压分布和相对速度分布,分析了流固耦合作用对外特性预测值影响的内流机理。同时,对叶轮出口处的压力脉动进行了分析。结果表明,流固耦合作用产生的叶轮变形,尤其是叶轮出口处的较大变形是导致离心泵外特性预测值变化的主要原因。考虑流固耦合作用后,叶轮出口处压力脉动周期性变化的总体趋势与非流固耦合结果基本一致,但振幅更大。考虑流固耦合作用后的最大压力脉动幅值提高了3.1%。研究结果为离心泵性能预测及流动诱导振动的研究提供参考。  相似文献   

控释肥残膜对小麦各生育期土壤微生物和酶活性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘明  张民  杨越超  程冬冬 《植物营养与肥料学报》2011,17(4):1012-1017

为了探明控释肥树脂残膜对土壤环境可能造成的影响,采用小麦池栽试验研究了控释肥树脂残膜对土壤有关微生物数量和酶活性的影响。结果表明,控释肥树脂残膜使土壤细菌和放线菌数量分别相对增加了19.01%～62.87%和17.03%～132.39%,土壤脲酶、转化酶、中性磷酸酶活性分别提高了17.39%～85.71%、31.77%～158.40%、35.14%～189.47%,但对过氧化氢酶活性无明显影响。施肥处理（施肥不施残膜和施肥施残膜处理）显著增加了土壤转化酶和中性磷酸酶活性;但对土壤细菌和放线菌数量、过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性没有显著影响。控释肥树脂残膜施用量在90～360g/m2 范围内,对土壤细菌和放线菌数量以及有关土壤酶活性没有产生不良影响。  相似文献   

不同叶顶间隙对斜流泵性能影响的数值分析   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

黎义斌  胡鹏林  李仁年  李鹏辉  毕祯 《农业工程学报》2014,30(23):86-93

斜流泵具有高效,启动特性好,运行工况宽等特点。目前斜流泵设计时,无法定量评估叶顶间隙对性能影响的敏感性。为了揭示不同叶顶间隙值对斜流泵内部流场和性能的影响,给定叶顶间隙选取的范围。分别选取无叶顶间隙和叶顶间隙分别为0.5,1.0,1.5 mm共4种设计方案的斜流泵为对象,基于剪切压力传输模型(shear stress transport,SST k-ω)湍流模型,SIMPLEC算法与块结构化网格,对斜流泵内部流场进行数值模拟和试验验证。结果表明,叶顶间隙为0.5 mm时,可以有效抑制斜流泵的扬程-流量正斜率特性,此时斜流泵的效率值最高;无叶顶间隙时,斜流泵扬程-流量正斜率特性较为明显;叶顶间隙为1 mm时,数值模拟与试验结果吻合较好,SST k-ω模型可较好模拟斜流泵叶顶间隙区流动特征,性能预估结果具有一定的可信度。在小流量工况下,叶顶间隙为0.5 mm可有效抑制斜流泵的正斜率不稳定特性。小叶顶间隙0.5mm时,斜流泵水力性能最优;叶顶间隙增大时,叶顶泄漏流动逐渐显著,叶轮出口近壁区轴面流速和涡量分布规律显著变化,表明叶顶间隙直接影响叶轮轴面速度分布规律和叶片负荷分布规律,由于受壁面摩擦阻力和液体黏滞阻力的影响,叶轮轮毂和叶顶间隙侧的叶轮轴面速度较小;叶顶间隙增大时,叶轮轮毂和叶顶间隙侧叶片负荷急剧衰减,影响叶片的做功能力。同时,叶顶泄漏流动区域与叶片主流区域的掺混效应,使叶片轮缘的低速区扩展到叶轮流道内部的主流区域,引起叶轮流道内部主流流动的堵塞效应,产生二次流动、漩涡等流动不稳定现象。上述研究结果,揭示了叶顶间隙对斜流泵内部流场和性能的影响机理,为斜流泵叶顶间隙的选择提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

龙眼复合涂膜保鲜剂的研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

陈绍军  陈明木  陈青青  庞杰 《农业工程学报》2006,22(8):219-223

选用魔芋葡苷聚糖、壳聚糖、乳化剂等，采用正交设计设立10个试验组，进行涂膜效果试验和龙眼常温保鲜试验，得出最佳的涂膜配方(含抗菌抑霉剂)为：魔芋葡甘聚糖浓度0.2%，壳聚糖0.2%，蔗糖脂肪酸脂0.15%。经过重复性试验，采用该组配方涂膜能有效增加“福眼”在贮藏期间的好果率，在常温下贮藏7d好果率为82%。显微照片显示，复合涂膜能在龙眼果皮形成一层更加致密的白色半透膜，能渗透到龙眼外果皮的微裂孔和维管束中，覆盖龙眼果皮表面的细孔。  相似文献