朝鲜蓟发酵茶泡制工艺研究     

张婷  邓爱华  易梦媛  易明霞  李林峰  李青洋 《农产品加工．学刊》2020,(4):26-29

以感官评价为指标,通过单因素试验和响应面试验设计优化朝鲜蓟发酵茶泡制工艺。结果表明,朝鲜蓟发酵茶的最佳泡制工艺为冲泡时间22 min,加水量243 mL,冲泡水温86℃,粉碎度40目,在此条件下感官评分为90分。通过ABTS法和DPPH法检测表明,朝鲜蓟袋泡茶具有明显的抗氧化能力。  相似文献   

发酵苹果渣对獭兔生长性能、养分消化率、小肠黏膜形态及分泌型免疫球蛋白A浓度的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴灵丽  张凯  宋献艺  刘强 《动物营养学报》2019,(4):1857-1863

本试验旨在研究发酵苹果渣对獭兔生长性能、养分消化率、小肠黏膜形态及分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)浓度的影响。试验共选用96只、45日龄的健康獭兔,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只(公母各占1/2)。4组獭兔分别饲喂含0(对照,CK组)、9.6%(A组)、19.2%(B组)和28.8%(C组)发酵苹果渣的试验饲粮。预试期15 d,正试期50 d。结果显示:与CK组相比,C组獭兔平均日增重提高了14.69%(P <0.05),料重比降低了6. 63%(P <0. 05),腹泻率降低了19.64%(P<0.05); C组獭兔饲粮干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质和粗纤维消化率分别提高了6.11%(P<0.05)、5.19%(P<0.05)、7.26%(P<0.05)和13.10%(P<0.05); C组獭兔空肠的绒毛长度和肠壁厚度分别增加了59.82%(P<0.05)和41.83%(P<0.05),同时十二指肠的隐窝深度降低了30.52%(P<0.05)。添加不同水平的发酵苹果渣对獭兔小肠中SIgA浓度无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,在饲粮中添加28.8%的发酵苹果渣可以通过提高养分消化率,改善小肠黏膜形态来提高獭兔的生长性能,并可降低腹泻率,且对小肠中SIgA浓度无不良影响。  相似文献   

发酵小麦麸皮及其在动物生产中的应用     

马玉静  何荣香  陈福  贺建华 《中国饲料》2019,(13):96-100

小麦麸皮作为一种来源广泛的饲料原料,富含碳水化合物、膳食纤维和矿物质,但因其粗纤维和抗营养因子含量高,在畜禽生产中没有得到充分利用。利用微生物发酵技术可显著提高小麦麸皮的营养价值,提高蛋白质和氨基酸含量,降低抗营养因子含量,生成富含生物活性物质、绿色健康的生物保健饲料,提高其在动物生产中的利用价值。本文主要综述了发酵小麦麸皮的研究进展及在动物生产中的应用现状,为发酵麸皮以后的开发及利用提供参考。  相似文献   

饲料中益生菌发酵复方中草药对肉鸭生长性能和屠宰性能的影响     

申红春 《中国饲料》2019,(3):68-70

为了研究饲料中添加益生菌发酵的复方中草药制剂对肉鸭生长性能及屠宰性能的影响。采用单因素设计试验,选择体重相近的21日龄天府肉鸭360只随机分成4组,每个组3个重复,每个重复30只,A组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验B、C、D组在基础日粮上分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的益生菌发酵的复方中药制剂,试验期为21 d。在试验期间测定天府肉鸭生长性能指标和屠宰性能指标。结果表明:(1)C组和D组的试验末重、平均日增重分别较对照组提高5.07%、4.70%、9.85%、9. 03%(P <0.05),C组和D组的料重比分别较对照组降低9.06%、3.40%(P <0.05),B、C组和D组的平均日采食量均高于A组(P> 0.05)。(2)B组、C组和D组的屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率均高于A组(P> 0.05);C组和D组的腿肌率、瘦肉率分别较对照组提高28.00%、24.60%、12.09%、10.12%(P <0.05); C组和D组的腹脂率分别较对照组降低12. 68%、9.86%(P <0.05)。综上,1.0%添加益生菌发酵复方中草药制剂可以提高肉鸭生长性能和屠宰性能。  相似文献   

发酵脐橙粕对番鸭肠道形态结构、肠黏膜免疫功能和微生物多样性的影响     

刘珍妮  雷小文  李建军  曾庆远  谭东海  钟云平  张强  谢华亮 《中国畜牧兽医》2023,50(2):573-585

【目的】通过研究发酵脐橙粕对番鸭肠道形态结构、肠黏膜免疫功能和微生物多样性的影响,探究发酵脐橙粕用于番鸭节粮养殖的可行性。【方法】选取健康、体重为(267.33±9.50)g的180只16日龄番鸭,随机分成2组(每组公母各半),每组6个重复,每个重复15只,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂含有100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕的基础饲粮,预饲期7 d,正式试验期48 d。试验结束后,采集番鸭十二指肠组织样品和盲肠内容物。通过HE染色法和免疫组化法检测十二指肠肠道形态学指标和肠黏膜免疫功能指标;采用高通量测序技术对盲肠内容物的微生物16S rDNA进行测序,分析盲肠微生物多样性变化情况。【结果】(1)与对照组相比,100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕可极显著提高番鸭十二指肠的绒毛高度(P<0.01),显著提高绒毛表面积和上皮内淋巴细胞阳性率(P<0.05)。(2)显著物种差异分析结果显示,与对照组相比,饲喂100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕饲粮极显著抑制了番鸭盲肠脱铁杆菌门、厌氧菌科和无胆甾原体等有害菌丰度(P<0.01),极显著提高了黄杆菌属、螺杆菌属和巨单胞菌属等有益菌的丰度(P<0.0...  相似文献   

发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长、饲料利用和消化酶活力的影响     

田鑫鑫  黄卫  谢春元  陈乃松  朱站英  钟国防 《上海海洋大学学报》2022,31(2):355-364

为研究发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长、饲料效率、表观消化率和消化酶活力的影响,以枯草芽孢杆菌有氧发酵豆粕替代部分鱼粉配置5组等氮、等能的实验饲料。发酵豆粕的添加量为0%（FM组）、10%(FSM10组)、15%(FSM20组)、20%(FSM30组)、25%(FSM40组),分别替代0%、10%、20%、30%、40%的鱼粉。初始体质量(19.83±0.33) g的大口黑鲈,随机分成5个组,每个组3个重复,每个重复 30 尾鱼,每天饲喂2次( 7: 00和17: 00),养殖75d。结果显示：各组饲料系数无显著性差异,FSM20和FSM30组的均末重和特定生长率显著高于其他各组;各组蛋白质效率无显著性差异,FSM组的摄食量显著高于FM组,FSM40组的蛋白质沉积率和脂肪沉积率显著低于其他组;各组全鱼粗蛋白无显著性差异,在FSM20组出现最大值;FSM组的全鱼粗脂肪显著低于FM组;各组之间的蛋白质消化率和脂肪消化率无显著性差异,FSM30和FSM40的干物质表观消化率显著低于其他组;低于15%（FSM20组）替代,FSM组与FM组的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力无显著差异。  相似文献   

Replacement of fish meal with two fermented soybean meals in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

Dong Gyu Choi  Ming He  Hua Fang  Xin Lan Wang  Xiao Qin Li  Xiang Jun Leng 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(1):37-46

The present study investigated the effect of fish meal (FM) replacement with fermented soybean meal (FSM) on growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout. Two FSM products, FSM1 (more fermentation with more small peptide and acid than FSM2) and FSM2 were used to replace 20%, 40% and 60% of FM in control diet (250 g/kg FM), respectively (FSM1‐20, FSM1‐40, FSM1‐60, FSM2‐20, FSM2‐40 and FSM2‐60). Then the seven diets were fed to rainbow trout (18.1 g) for 8 weeks. Weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and digestibility of crude protein and dry matter showed no significant difference among the groups of FSM1‐20, FSM1‐40, FSM2‐20, FSM2‐40 and the control, but WG significantly decreased and FCR increased when 60% FM was replaced by both FSMs (p < .05). The replacement of 40%, 60% FM resulted in lower villus height than the control (p < .05), and intestinal protease activity was lower in FSM2‐40, FSM2‐60 and FSM1‐60 groups than the control group (p < .05). In addition, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase increased with increasing levels of FSM (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary fish meal could be replaced by 40% with both FSMs without adverse effects on growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout based on an eight weeks feeding trial.  相似文献   

Intestinal microbiota of white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,fed diets containing Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal (FSBM) or an antimicrobial peptide derived from B. subtilis E20‐FSBM     

Ann‐Chang Cheng  Shinn‐Pyng Yeh  Shao‐Yang Hu  Hsueh‐Li Lin  Chun‐Hung Liu 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(1):41-50

The purpose of the present study is to profile the microfloral structure in the intestines of the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, after being fed a control diet, in comparison with the diets containing Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented soybean meal (FSBM) or an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) isolated from B. subtilis E20‐FSBM (diets designated FSBMD and AMPD, respectively) for 60 days. Metagenomic data showed detection of eight phyla, 20 classes, 40 orders, 68 families and 96 genera. Despite no statistically significant difference, an evaluation of microbial diversity recorded higher species richness, Shannon–Weaver diversity index and evenness in the AMPD and FSBMD groups, compared to the control diet group. Venn diagrams showed that 58 of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared among the control, FSBMD and AMPD groups, but additional beneficial microbes were only found in the FSBMD and AMPD groups. In addition to the augmentation of beneficial bacteria in the FSBMD and AMPD groups, the abundance of potential pathogens, Vibrio and Flavobacterium, was lower in the gut of shrimp fed the FSBMD and AMPD. The results clearly suggest that the FSBMD and AMPD have the capability to change the microfloral structure of shrimp intestines and could be used for disease prevention in shrimp aquaculture.  相似文献   

发酵饲料对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长、抗氧化、免疫和蛋白代谢的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许晨远  迟骋  郑肖川  刘佳岱  张彩燕  刘文斌  刘艳玲  闫亚楠  黄健  王胜 《水产学报》2019,43(10):2209-2217

为研究发酵饲料配伍配合饲料投喂对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长性能、抗氧化、免疫机能和代谢的影响,实验分别制备了5组饲料:对照组以幼蟹配合饲料为基础饲料(F0),各实验组在配合饲料基础上额外添加日投喂量5%、10%、15%和20%发酵饲料,并依次命名为F5、F10、F15和F20。150只均重无显著差异的中华绒螯蟹随机分5组,每组设3个重复,每重复10只蟹,分别饲喂对应组饲料,每天饱食投喂1次,养殖周期59 d。在养殖结束后采集血淋巴和肝胰腺以测定抗氧化指标、免疫指标和蛋白代谢酶活性。结果发现,额外投喂发酵饲料后,各组幼蟹的增重率和特定生长率均较对照组显著升高。随着额外投喂发酵饲料量的增加,血淋巴中过氧化氢酶含量先上升后下降,其中F5、F10和F15组较对照组显著升高。各处理组酸性磷酸酶活性高于对照组,但差异不显著。各组总蛋白和球蛋白含量随着发酵饲料额外投喂量提高呈现先升高后降低的趋势,但是各组间差异不显著。此外,额外添加日投喂量20%比例以下的发酵饲料,可以提升肝胰腺中胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性。研究表明,额外投喂发酵饲料可以促进中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的生长,还可以提高其抗氧化能力、免疫机能和蛋白代谢能力。  相似文献   

Evaluation of three non‐genetically modified soybean cultivars as ingredients and a yeast‐based additive as a supplement in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei          下载免费PDF全文

X. Qiu  A. Buentello  R. Shannon  A. Mustafa  A. Abebe  D.A. Davis 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(1):173-183

Two growth trials and a physiology assessment were conducted to evaluate three non‐genetically modified (GM) soybean cultivars as ingredients in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. In addition, a commercially available fermented yeast product was evaluated as dietary supplement. For the growth trials (46 and 35 days, respectively, for trials 1 and 2), the basal diet was primarily composed of soybean meal (SBM), fishmeal (FM), whole wheat, corn protein concentrate, poultry meal (PM, pet food grade) and corn starch. Non‐GM cultivars were processed with novel methodologies to produce Navita? ingredients (N1, N2 and N3) which were incorporated at low (L) or high (H) levels into the experimental diets, in partial replacement of FM and full replacement of conventional SBM. The last two formulations incorporated the fermented yeast for a total of nine experimental diets (Table 1 ). Results from the growth trials indicate that shrimp fed diet 5 (HN2) exhibited significantly lower (p < .05) weight gain as compared to shrimp fed diets 1 and 2 (basal and LN1, respectively) in trial 1, as well as compared to animals fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 8 (basal, LN1, HN1 and basal + yeast) in trial 2. The feed conversion ratio significantly increased for shrimp fed diet 5, in contrast with shrimp fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 8 in trials 1 and 2, as well as compared to shrimp fed diets diet 6 (LN3) in trial 2. For the physiological assessment (stress and immune responses), only the effects of diets 1, 3, 8 and 9 (basal, HN1, basal + yeast and HN1 + yeast, respectively) were investigated. Granular cell counts were significantly higher for shrimp fed the yeast‐containing diets. Haemolymph glucose and haemolymph packed cell volume were significantly reduced for shrimp fed diets 3, 8 and 9. No significant differences were observed in total haemocyte counts, hyaline cells counts, semi‐granular cells counts, haemolymph protein, haemocyte phagocytic capacity and haemocyte respiratory burst activity. Results of this work indicate that selective soy breeding technology coupled with novel processing options has the potential to increase the nutritional value of conventional SBM for shrimp feeds. Trends on immune responses were more difficult to elucidate possibly due to the limited length of the feeding trial.  相似文献