加强农机化技术推广将极大促进职业农民培养     

毛兆东 《北京农业》2012,(15):233-234

农业机械化是目前社会转型时期农业生产的重大支撑,是缓解开发农村人力资源矛盾的重要重要组成部分.必须进一步加强农机化技术推广,促进职业农民培养,提高农民素质,增强农业生产后劲.  相似文献   

Reservoir fish assemblage structure across an aquatic ecotone: Can river-reservoir interfaces provide conservation and management opportunities?     

Casey A. Pennock  Brian A. Hines  Darek S. Elverud  Travis A. Francis  Mark C. McKinstry  Benjamin J. Schleicher  Keith B. Gido 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2021,28(1):1-13

River-reservoir interfaces have been described as aquatic ecotones and contain strong environmental gradients of depth, turbidity and trophic resource abundance. These transitional habitats have traditionally been excluded by riverine and reservoir management schemes despite their prevalence in modern riverscapes. By systematically sampling shoreline habitats along a river-reservoir interface gradient from riverine to lacustrine zones with trammel nets in 2018–2019, strong patterns were identified in total species captured and individuals captured in the San Juan River-Lake Powell inflow, USA. Changes in assemblage structure were driven mainly by increases in relative abundance of benthic omnivores towards the riverine zone, including imperiled razorback sucker, Xyrauchen texanus (Abbott), but also by increases in predatory species, such as striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum). Inter-annual variation in species distributions along the river-reservoir interface gradient was likely influenced by variation in reservoir water level that differed by nearly 12 m between years. River-reservoir interfaces provide high-quality feeding and potentially spawning areas for both benthic omnivores and piscivores, and these areas should be considered in management and conservation efforts for species using these habitats.  相似文献   

超高缓和段的设计理论在道桥施工中的应用     

陈乔松 《森林工程》1999,15(4):38-39

本文将超高缓和段的设计理论应用于道桥施工中。取得了良好的行车效果。文中所述超高缓和段的设计过程及应用举例。可供道桥施工单位技术人员参考使用。  相似文献   

Alterations of Intracellular Ca~(2+) Concentration and Ultrastructure in Spruce Apical Bud Cells during Seasonal Transition   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Paul H.Li 《中国林学(英文版)》2004,6(1)

Potassium antimonite was used to localize Ca2+ in the apical bud cells of spruce from July 1999 to May 2000. During the period of active growth (July 14), Calcium precipitates, an indication of Ca2+ localization, were mainly distributed in vacuoles, intercellular spaces and cell walls. Few Ca2+ deposits localized in the cytosol and nucleus, showing a low level of the cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ concentration in the warm summer. In August, some Ca2+ deposits appeared in the cytosol and nuclei, indicating that Ca2+ influx occurred in the cytosol and nucleus as the day length became shorter. From September to November, high levels of the cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ remained. During the mid-winter (December and January), the distribution of Ca2+ deposits and the ultrastructures in the cells were altered dramatically. Plasmolysis occurred in many cells due to the protoplasmic dehydration. In addition plasmalemma invagination and nuclear chromatin aggregation also occurred. A large number of Ca2+ deposits appeared in the space between the plasmalemma and the cell wall. And also some Ca2+ deposits were distributed in the plastids. However, few Ca2+ deposits were observed in the cytosol and nuclei. By spring of the next year (May), when plants were de-acclimated and resumed active growth, Ca2+ subcellular localization essentially restored to that observed in July of the last year, i.e., the cells contained low cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ concentrations; Ca2+ deposits were mainly distributed in the vacuoles, cell walls and intercellular spaces. The relationships between the seasonal changes of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the development of dormancy/cold acclimation, as well as plasmolysis associated with dormancy and cold hardiness were discussed.  相似文献   

林木转移轨迹与林分发展方程的解     

康惠宁 《北京林业大学学报》1995,17(2):9-15

该文引入林木在龄径平面中的转移轨迹的概念，通过讨论林木在龄径平面中的转移规律，研究林分直径结构和树龄结构的动态变化规律．在定常情况下，利用林木转移轨迹构造出林分发展方程的解，从而得到描述林分树龄和直径结构动态变化规律的一般的解析表达式．  相似文献   

Change of K value and water state of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares meat stored in a wide temperature range (20°C to −84°C)     

Tri Winarni Agustini  Toru Suzuki  Tomoaki Hagiwara  Shoichiro Ishizaki  Munehiko Tanaka  Rikuo Takai 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(2):306-313

SUMMARY: The study on K value change at low temperature storage had been carried out down to a temperature of −40°C, however, there was no evidence about this reaction rate if the temperature were lowered below the storage temperature normally used especially for tuna meat (−60^oC). The rate of K value change ( k_f ) of yellowfin tuna ( Thunnus albacares ) meat was determined during storage at a wide temperature range (20°C to −84°C). The logarithm of K '(= 100 − K value) was used in this study and its plot against storage time yielded a straight line, which indicated an apparent first-order reaction for all temperature storage. Furthermore, physicochemical characterization of water in tuna muscle was carried out using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) at very low temperature. The temperature dependence of this reaction was analyzed by an Arrhenius's plot that resulted in two break points. The first break point occurring at freezing point might be due to the freeze effect. The second break point was at −10°C. The reaction rate change steeply declined at the temperature range of −70°C to −84°C, and was thought to be related to glass transition which may occur in the fish sample.  相似文献   

浅谈互通立交的超高设计   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵竹莹 《林业科技情报》2012,(3):108-109

通过对匝道上车辆实际行驶速度的研究,提出了超高设计的合理化建议,进而提高车辆行驶的安全性和舒适性,以便更有效的发挥互通立交的使用功能。  相似文献   

日粮阳阴离子负平衡对预防奶牛围产期产褥热的影响(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁楷  严璐艳  尹文宾  刘学忠  王宗元 《乳业科学与技术》2009,32(2)

奶牛在围产期需经历内分泌、营养、代谢及生理状态上的一系列变化以适应分娩及泌乳的起动.如果营养管理不能较好的满足这些变化,那么奶牛则面临着发生各种围产期疾病的威胁.产褥热是一种常见的营养代谢病,多发于高龄及高产奶牛.奶牛分娩和泌乳的起动造成低血钙症,而当从肠道吸收的和从骨骼中动用的钙不能完全补充从血液中动用的血钙量时,产褥热就会发生.而有效的预防措施是减少产褥热带来经济损失的最佳途径.其中最常用的有效预防方法之一是饲喂阴离子日粮,即使得日粮阳阴离子负平衡(DCAD).这主要是由于日粮负离子平衡引起奶牛轻微的代谢酸中毒,并激发对骨钙的动员和吸收.然而,饲喂阴离子日粮亦存在一些问题:主要是其适口性较差,故可能降低干物质采食量.因此对于阴离子日粮饲喂管理的监控则十分重要,而尿液pH提供了一种有效且相对准确的用来判定添加是否适当的标准.此外,还对近年来此领域相关的研究结果进行了论述和探讨,以便读者了解利用日粮负离子平衡预防围产期奶牛产褥热发生的相关知识.  相似文献   

Boundaries and scales in shrublands of the Doñana Biological Reserve,southwest Spain     

José Carlos Muñoz-Reinoso 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(4):509-518

To verify that the stabilized sand dunes of Doñana, southwest Spain, are hierarchically nested, vegetation was sampled along topographic gradients at three spatial scales and Split Moving Window Boundary Analysis was applied to identify vegetation boundaries and ecotones. At small scale, only one window width was used, while for boundaries detection at upper scales the information from five windows was pooled. Environmental factors controlling plant composition were studied along topographic gradients, and diversity was estimated within the boundaries. According to several theoretical frameworks, I discuss the types of boundaries produced at different scales. Lower level boundaries are characterized by transitory gradients linked to local exchanges; intermediate boundaries are symmetric and very stable over the time; the large scale boundary is asymmetric with strong inherent abiotic constraints reinforced by strong biotic feedbacks. In spite of a similar plant composition, a plant community, the mixed shrub, works as an ecocline or an ecotone depending on the spatial scale considered. A certain parallelism exists between shrub composition along dune slopes and dune generations; however, processes at upper scale constraint plant composition at lower scale resulting in different mature formations.  相似文献   

Thermal, Dynamic-mechanical, and Dielectric Analysis of Phase and State Transitions ofFrozen Wheat Doughs     

Tommi J. Laaksonen  Yrj H. Roos 《Journal of Cereal Science》2000,32(3):281

The physical state of wheat dough at sub-zero temperatures was investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic-mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Dielectric Analysis (DEA). Also, the water sorption properties of freeze-dried dough were investigated. DMA and DEA measurements were made at a heating rate of 1 °C/min from −150 to 10 °C. Before the measurements, samples were equilibrated at −25 °C for 15–20 min to allow maximum ice formation, and then cooled at 1 °C/min to −150 °C. The frequencies used were 0·1, 0·5, 1, 2·5, 5, 10, and 20 Hz for DMA and 0·1, 0·5, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 1000 Hz for DEA. The DSC thermograms were obtained for annealed samples by scanning from −80 to 20 °C at 5 °C/min, and they showed only ice melting starting at −18 °C. The tan δ of DMA and DEA showed an α-relaxation (glass transition), two low temperature relaxations (β and γ) and melting of ice. At the higher frequencies (>0·5 Hz), the α-relaxation coincided with melting of ice, and all relaxation temperatures (α, β and γ) increased with increasing frequencies as measured by DEA.  相似文献