Novel antibiotics as inhibitors for the selective respiratory inhibition method of measuring fungal:bacterial ratios in soil   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

V.?L.?BaileyEmail author  J.?L.?Smith  H.?BoltonJr 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2003,38(3):154-160

The use of the selective inhibition (SI) method for measuring fungal:bacterial ratios may be limited due to biocide selectivity and the overlap of antibiotic activity. This study evaluated novel pairs of antibiotics for their specificity in soils of different origins and their potential reduction in inhibition of non-target organisms. Four soils selected for this study were from a semi-arid shrub-steppe, a loblolly pine forest and two grassland sites (restored and farmed prairie plots). Three bactericides were tested: oxytetracycline hydrochloride, streptomycin sulphate, and bronopol. Three fungicides were tested: captan, ketoconazole, and nystatin. The inhibitor additivity ratio and fungal:bacterial ratios were calculated from control and treated soils where inhibition was measured as CO₂ respiration reduction with biocides. We were able to minimize non-target inhibition by the antibiotics to <5% and thus calculate reliable fungal:bacterial ratios using captan to inhibit fungi in all four soils, and bronopol to inhibit bacteria in three of the four soils. The most successful bactericide in the restored prairie was oxytetracycline-HCl. Our results demonstrate that application of novel antibiotics is not uniformly successful in soils of different origin and that the SI technique requires more than just optimization of antibiotic concentration; it also requires optimization of antibiotic selection.  相似文献   

鸭大肠杆菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶检测(ESBLs)及药物敏感性测定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴华  裴亚玲  刘建华  胡功政  潘玉善  陈华  徐坤玲  李凌锋 《安徽农业大学学报》2008,35(3)

对国内7个省份临床分离的32株鸭大肠杆菌进行超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)检测及药物敏感性研究。结果表明,32株分离的鸭大肠杆菌中产ESBLs菌株7株,阳性检出率为21.87%;产ESBLs菌株对常用头孢三代及半合成青霉素类药物的敏感率低于42.9%,耐药率则高于28.6%,对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、头孢噻呋的耐药率高达100%。产酶菌株和非产酶菌株对新型头孢四代产品头孢吡肟及碳青霉烯类药物亚胺培南、美罗培南的敏感率高于96%。加酶抑制剂的β-内酰胺类抗生素如阿莫西林/棒酸、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦等对产酶菌株和非产酶菌株的敏感率全部高于未加酶抑制剂的单方药物。产ESBLs菌株存在多重耐药现象,酶抑制剂能够部分解决此类耐药性问题。  相似文献   

饲用益生素与抗生素的比较研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

肖振铎 《吉林农业大学学报》2002,24(3):1-6

对饲用益生素与抗生素的研究进行了比较分析，主要对其研究的历史和现况，作用机理，合理使用的条件与可行性进行了综述。  相似文献   

抗生素对微生物发酵生产L—苹果酸过程中污染杂菌的抑制效果测定     

李盾  邓穗儿 《华南农业大学学报》1997,18(2):30-34

试验模拟Ｌ－苹果酸发酵上罐的温度、ｐＨ值以及通气等条件，利用振荡培养法测定庆大霉素、链霉素、硫酸核糖霉素，硫酸小诺霉素等４种抗生素对污染杂苗的最低抑制浓度，并进行两次加菌试验，结合平板检菌加以验证。结果表明庆大霉素的抑菌作用最强，其次是硫酸小诺霉素。庆大霉素的ＭＩＣ为０．４ｍｇ／Ｌ，经两次加菌后，有效浓度为０．８ｍｇ／Ｌ，通过在２４０和１７００Ｌ发酵罐上的实际应用，有效地防止了杂菌污染，证明此法是  相似文献   

Meropenem as an Alternative Antibiotic Agent for Suppression of Agrobacterium in Genetic Transformation of Orchid   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CAO Ying Niimi Yoshiyuki HU Shang-lian 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2006,5(11):839-846

A case of Meropenem as a novel antibacterial agent to suppress and eliminate Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of orchid protocorm-like bodies （PLBs） has been reported in this article. The in vitro activities of meropenem and four comparator antibacterial agents against three Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, LBA4404, EHA101, and GV3101, were assessed. In addition, the effect of meropenem on the growth of Dendrobium phalaenopsis PLBs was determined. Compared with other commonly used antibiotics （including ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone）, meropenem showed the highest activity in suppressing all tested A. tumefaciens strains （minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] 〈 0.5 mg L^-1, which is equal to minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]）. Meropenem, at all tested concentrations, except for 10 mg L^-1 concentration, had little negative effect on the growth of orchid tissues. The A. tumefaciens strain EHA101 in genetic transformation with vector plG121Hm in infected PLBs of the orchid was visually undetectable after a two-month subculture in 1/2 MS medium with 50 mg L^-1 meropenem and 25 mg L^-1 hygromacin. The expression and incorporation of the transgenes were confirmed by GUS histochemical assay and PCR analysis. Meropenem may be an alternative antibiotic for the effective suppression of A. tumefaciens in genetic transformation.  相似文献   

几种抗生素对波尔山羊精液低温保存的影响     

吴结革  茆达干 《金陵科技学院学报》2001,17(2):45-48

研究了稀释液中庆大霉素、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、菌特灵新一代抗生素替代青、链霉素的添加对波尔山羊精液保存效果的影响。实验表明 ,恩诺沙星的保存效果优于其他抗生素 ,庆大霉素、诺氟沙星与青、链霉素效果相当 ,菌特灵最差。  相似文献   

马铃薯脱毒快繁抗菌污染的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨琼芬  白建明  李世峰  李先平  杨万林  包丽仙  李山云  隋启君 《西南农业学报》2007,20(6):1318-1323

分别加入10、20和50 mg/L的氨苄青霉素、硫酸链霉素、克林霉素及利用3种抗生素(20 mg/L)分别和病毒唑(10 mg/L)的配合使用,研究抗生素及抗生素浓度在马铃薯茎尖剥离及快繁过程中的综合影响。实验结果表明在茎尖剥离阶段,50 mg/L的链霉素对细菌的抗性最好;抗生素的不同浓度对霉菌抗性的效果不同,抗生素种类和浓度的互作对霉菌具有抗性效应,以使用10mg/L的链霉素对霉菌的抗性最好,链霉素 病毒唑组合在茎尖剥离时期对霉菌和细菌的抗性最好;在快繁阶段,以使用20 mg/L克林霉素对霉菌和细菌的抗性最好,但抗生素及抗生素 病毒唑的配比措施对组培苗的生根数、黄化率、生根率均有负效应,所以在马铃薯组培快繁阶段的污染控制主要靠控制环境和操作规程来达到。  相似文献   

猪粪便中兽药盐霉素残留的降解动态研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王冉刘铁铮  魏瑞成王恬 《农业环境科学学报》2007,26(B03):219-223

兽药抗生素在畜禽养殖生产中被大量使用,由于这些药物的大部分会被排入粪便并随粪便作为肥料而随处散播,增加了环境风险.通过实验室模拟不同的环境条件,研究了常用兽药抗生素--盐霉素在畜禽粪便中的降解动态及其影响因素(如药物残留浓度、粪便含水量、微生物及光照等).结果表明,盐霉素在粪便中的降解主要是微生物降解,光降解和化学降解只占很小比例,灭菌组的降解速率明显低于未灭菌组(P＜0.05),而光照对盐霉素的降解速率影响不大(P＞0.05);盐霉素的降解速率随粪便中盐霉素起始浓度增加而降低,表明粪便中降解微生物对盐霉素的浓度敏感;粪便含水量的增加明显加快了盐霉素残留的降解速率,因而在粪便施入农田前,可以通过降低粪便中盐霉素残留浓度或提高粪便含水量等方法加速盐霉素的降解,以降低其对环境土壤和水体的风险.  相似文献   

3种抗生素对3种常见鱼类病原菌的抑菌活性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏振霞  肖辉  陈列欢 《中国预防兽医学报》2011,33(6)

为研究盐酸恩诺沙星、乳酸恩诺沙星和乳酸诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)和哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)的体外抑菌活性,本实验通过测定抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)和杀菌曲线,研究3种常用喹诺酮类抗生素药物对3种水产病原菌的体外药效学特性.结果表明:乳酸诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌和哈维氏弧菌抑菌效果最好,MIC分别为0.244μg/mL和1.954μg/mL:盐酸恩诺沙星对鳗弧菌抑菌效果最好,MIC为0.122μg/mL;8 MIC的乳酸诺氟沙星药液在12 h内完全杀灭嗜水气单胞菌,在24 h内也能全部杀灭哈维氏弧菌,8 MIC的盐酸恩诺沙星药液在24 h内全部杀灭鳗弧菌.本研究为3种抗生素在水产养殖中的应用提供实验依据.  相似文献   

设施条件下添加有机肥对土壤中土霉素消减作用     

于晓璐  刘航  刘晓霞  陈俊豪  李国学  李彦明  孙英 《农业工程学报》2016,32(Z2):304-310

在设施条件下,通过在含有不同浓度(43.62、1638.78和10936.38μg/kg)土霉素的土壤中添加不同比例(5%、10%)有机肥,研究有机肥对土霉素消减的影响及其影响因素,并运用准一级动力学模型对土霉素消减动态的拟合。结果表明,在低污染处理组和高污染处理组28 d后土霉素消减进入平稳期,低污染处理组添加5%和10%有机肥后,消减率提高了17.71%和16.03%,半衰期缩短了9.02和9.50 d;高污染处理组添加5%和10%有机肥后,消减率提高了19.83%和17.93%,半衰期缩短了12.28和13.38 d。主成分分析对土壤理化性质与土霉素消减动态的分析结果表明土壤有机质、总氮及p H值与添加有机肥的比例呈较高的正相关性,土霉素的消减率与有机肥添加比例成一定的正相关性。与对照土壤比较,添加有机肥可促进土壤中土霉素的消减,并随土霉素初始浓度的增大作用更为明显,但有机肥添加比例对土霉素消减的促进作用没有显著差异。  相似文献