Soil microstructure alterations induced by land use change for sugarcane expansion in Brazil     

Lucas Pecci Canisares  Maurício Roberto Cherubin  Laura Fernanda Simoes da Silva  Andre Luiz Custodio Franco  Miguel Cooper  Sacha J. Mooney  Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(2):189-199

Land use change (LUC) alters soil structure and, consequently, the functions and services provided by these soils. Conversion from extensive pasture to sugarcane is one of the largest land transitions in Brazil as a result of the growth of the domestic and global demands of bioenergy. However, the impacts of sugarcane expansion on the soil structure under extensive pasture remains unclear, especially when considering changes at the microscale. We investigated whether LUC for sugarcane cultivation impacted soil microstructure quality. Undisturbed soil samples were taken from two soil layers (0–10 and 10–20 cm) under three contrasting land uses (native vegetation—NV, pasture—PA and sugarcane—SC) in three different locations in the central-southern Brazil. Oriented thin sections (30 μm) were used for micromorphological analysis. The total area of pores decreased following the LUC in the following order: NV > PA > SC in both soil layers. The area of large complex packing pores (>0.01 mm²) also decreased with the LUC sequence: NV>PA>SC. Qualitative and semi-quantitative micromorphological analysis confirmed porosity reduction was driven by the decrease in complex packing pores and that biological features decreased in the same LUC sequence as the quantitative parameters. Therefore, LUC for sugarcane expansion reduced microscale soil porosity, irrespectively of soil type and site-specific conditions, indicating that the adoption of more sustainable management practices is imperative to preserve soil structure and sustain soil functions in Brazilian sugarcane fields.  相似文献   

巴西塞拉都(Cerrado)地区氧化土土壤紧实性评估研究     

A. E. AJAYI  M. S. DIAS JUNIOR  N. CURI  A. OKUNOLA  T. T. TEIXEIRA SOUZA  B. SILVA PIRES 《土壤圈》2010,20(2):252-260

The Cerrado region of Brazil, one of the fastest-growing agricultural areas in the world, is undergoing very rapid mechanization; this development is good for the country’s economy but may also snowball into substantial loss of agricultural land and other environmental degradation if the soil susceptibility and vulnerability to compaction is not well understood. In this study we explored different techniques for estimating soil intrinsic abilities to withstand applied pressure using the prevalent Oxisols of the Cerrado region under native vegetation. Undisturbed samples were collected from three sites within the region and subjected to 1) compressibility test: 2) manual penetration resistance test; 3) automated penetration resistance test; and 4) packing density analysis. The four methods produced analogous results. Our results showed the significant influence of soil structure on the inherent strength and compaction susceptibility of the soils. We also established the association of soil structure with the mineralogy of the soil. It is noteworthy that the packing density which was developed from very simple and easily obtained parameters could give a picture of the tendency of the soil to compact. Thus, this approach would be useful in developing compaction susceptibility maps for the region. It could be concluded that most of the Oxisols in the Cerrado region would support mechanized agricultural production very successfully. However, there is need for careful management of the mechanization process to avert degradation. The management techniques should include conservationist practices such as no till in order to maintain as much as possible the favorable structure and drainage of these very old soils.  相似文献   

香酥泥鳅加工工艺研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

楼明 《水产科学》1999,18(4):17-20

对泥鳅的加工工艺作了初步探讨，并对所进行的多次实验结果进行了比较、分析，找出了最佳生产工艺条件，对影响产品质量的关键工艺进行了深入的研究，确定了关键工艺步骤的条件参数。产品采用聚酰胺酯，铝箔，聚乙烯复合而成的蒸煮袋来包装。制成的产品具有色泽诱人，风味浓郁，香酥味美，软硬适度，营养丰富等特点，深受人们喜爱。杀菌条件是：１５ｍｉｎ～２５ｍｉｎ～１５ｍｉｎ／１２１℃（烘烤工艺）和１５ｍｉｎ～２０ｍｉｎ～１５ｍｉｎ／１２１℃（油炸工艺）。  相似文献   

木质包装松材线虫溴甲烷熏蒸处理   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

贺水山  徐瑛  陈先锋  刘永胜  傅冬良 《植物保护学报》2005,32(3):314-318

为寻求一定温度下溴甲烷熏蒸处理杀灭木质包装中松材线虫的有效浓度和时间,给国际贸易中木质包装松材线虫的熏蒸处理提供科学依据,进行了木质包装松材线虫溴甲烷熏蒸处理研究.研究分实验室基础试验和集装箱应用试验两部分,先在实验室中筛选出熏蒸有效浓度和时间,再于集装箱中进行应用试验.结果表明:11～15、16～20、≥21℃时,溴甲烷剂量分别为64、56、48g/m3,熏蒸24h,24h时浓度分别不低于32、28、24g/m3,即CT值分别为1152、1008、864 gh/m3,能够100%杀灭木质包装中松材线虫的成虫、幼虫及卵.此外,证实了国际植物检疫措施标准ISPM NO.15<国际贸易中木质包装材料控制准则>中熏蒸处理的要求偏低,不能完全杀灭木质包装中松材线虫.  相似文献   

湖南雪峰山地区中药材竹藤编织包装文创设计     

王翠  肖玉清  张璇宇  秦卓君  贾柳  陈运禧  刘丽芳 《世界竹藤通讯》2023,23(1):79-82

以环保、可持续利用和传承传统文化为设计指导思想,针对目前市场上中药材包装存在的问题,文章提出了湖南雪峰山地区中药材(天麻、金银花)包装的4种设计方案。这些设计方案将传统竹藤编织工艺贯穿到中药材包装设计的材料选择、结构优化、视觉元素提炼等环节,展示了雪峰山中药材的文化性、历史性、艺术性和生态性,使包装拥有简洁、自然、环保的设计风格,传递出一种人与自然和谐相处的生活理念,引导人们健康生活。包装设计凸显了地域文化特征,可提升雪峰山地区中药材产品的附加值,满足市场多元化需求,对于构建雪峰山中药材的地域性IP、服务乡村特色产业发展具有重要意义。  相似文献   

微波真空包装技术的原理及应用研究     

武杰  潘磊庆  程雷  张斌  马龙 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(22)

[目的]介绍微波真空包装的组成、工作原理及结构,证明应用微波真空包装技术的优越性。[方法]以酱牛肉为材料,试验设3种杀菌方式:微波真空包装(245 0MHz,有效杀菌时间180 s);真空包装后高温杀菌(12 l℃、20 m in);真空包装后沸水杀菌(20 m in)。依据感官品质评价、理化检验、食品物性学检验、微生物学检验等检测方法,对3种方式处理的酱牛肉,在品质及理化指标进行比较。[结果]微波真空包装技术在杀菌的同时进行真空包装,避免了真空包装2次加热杀菌处理的不良效果,且微波真空包装的酱牛肉各项指标均优于其他2种包装处理方式,同时降低了工艺成本,提高了生产效率。[结论]该研究为微波真空包装技术的在食品工业中的应用提供了参考。  相似文献   

元帅系苹果产地贮藏系列技术   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

宋壮兴  田勇  李震三  祁寿椿  游蕴庄 《中国农业科学》1988,21(4):84-91

本项系列技术既能保持果实新鲜状态,又能节约能源。主要是成功地改进了原有的贮藏场所,充分地利用了自然冷源,使建库投资比冷库（商业用0℃库）减少2/3以上,节约电能4/5以上。采用PVC袋包装,由果实自身呼吸减少贮藏环境内的O#-2浓度和提高CO#-2浓度。在贮藏初期库温控制在15-10℃时,CO#-2控制在10-15%,O#-2不低于2%。随着库温逐渐下降,CO#-2和O#-2浓度分别下降和上升到10%左右。贮藏元帅系苹果6个月,果肉硬度可保持在12Ib/cm#+2以上,损耗率为2-5%。总结提出了高温、高CO#-2、高O#-2和高C#-（2）H#-4贮藏技术,除少数对CO#-2敏感的品种之外,其它苹果亦可应用。  相似文献   

连云港口岸进境木质包装检疫工作分析及建议   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

严风华  王振  刘翔  宁磊  李阳 《安徽农业科学》2017,45(10)

通过对连云港口岸2013—2016年进境木质包装检疫情况进行分析,在进境木质包装中共检出各类植物有害生物150种5 025种次,检出植物有害生物占不合格情况批次的80.84%,可见,防止植物有害生物传入是进境木质包装检疫工作的重中之重。同时,指出了进境木质包装检疫工作中存在的实际问题,并就做好进境木质包装检疫工作提出了几点建议。  相似文献   

新世纪包装与食品机械发展趋势   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

金光哲  赵坚豪  权伍荣  崔福顺 《延边大学农学学报》2001,23(3):231-234

新世纪食品工业要发展，必然要有先进的机械设备作为辅助；食品要走出国门，必须要有美观得体的包装。因此，包装与食品机械工业的发展对于食品工业来说是必要的前提条件。本文根据包装与食品机械的市场需求以及国内外包装与食品机械的发展动态，探讨了包装与食品机械的发展方向。  相似文献   

Microdistribution and fluctuations in niche overlap in a rocky shore cichlid community in Lake Victoria   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

O. Seehausen  N. Bouton 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》1997,6(3):161-173

Abstract— The microdistribution of ten numerically dominant species in a fish community at a rocky island in Lake Victoria was studied using invasive sampling. All were haplochromine cichlids. The community was characterized by high fish densities and by a dominance of Aufwuchs feeders . Species were non-randomly distributed, showing significant associations with water depth and other topographic parameters. Species occupied unique positions in a network of recurrent species groups. Niche partitioning through differential microdistribution was even more subtle than that reported for Lake Malawi's rock-dwelling cichlids. Species-specific microdistribution fitted qualitative predictions from ideal free distribution models with asymmetrical interference competition for food. No evidence was found for interspecific contest competition for space. Temporal niche shifts have been observed between periods of high and low water levels. Owing to a combination of reduced habitat availability with niche expansion in most species, niche overlap was larger during the lowwater period.  相似文献