番茄绿果与橙果间果实颜色及主要色素含量的遗传研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴浪  赵菁菁  罗佳伟  王晨  李方曼  李云洲  张颜  梁燕 《中国蔬菜》2017,1(3):29-37

对番茄组合绿樱(绿果)×金珠1号(橙果)的6个世代遗传群体(P1、P2、F1、BC1、BC2和F2)进行果色性状、番茄红素含量、叶绿素含量和胡萝卜素含量等的遗传规律分析。结果表明:正反交F1的果色性状无明显差异,而色素含量存在显著差异;说明番茄果色性状受核基因控制,而色素含量遗传除受核基因控制外还可能存在胞质效应。采用多世代联合分析法的分析结果表明,番茄绿果与橙果间的果色性状符合2对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因(MX2-A-AD)遗传模型,其BC1、BC2和F2主基因遗传率分别为73.42%、78.25%和61.41%,多基因遗传率分别为22.87%、15.35%和34.94%,即果色性状遗传的主基因遗传力较强;叶绿素含量符合1对负向显性主基因+加性-显性多基因(MX1-AEND-AD)遗传模型,其BC1、BC2和F2主基因遗传率分别为0、1.73%和0.65%,多基因遗传率分别为45.47%、0和37.82%,即主基因遗传力在BC2群体中最高,多基因遗传力在BC1群体中最高;番茄红素含量与胡萝卜素含量均符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因(MX2-ADI-AD)遗传模型,其BC1、BC2和F2主基因遗传率分别为75.74%、1.79%、84.26%和61.53%、87.21%、81.05%,多基因遗传率分别为20.32%、74.12%、12.68%和0.68%、0、0,表明番茄红素含量和胡萝卜素含量的主基因遗传力较强。  相似文献   

红蓝光质对转色期间番茄果实主要品质的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李岩      王丽伟  文莲莲  魏珉    史庆华    杨凤娟    王秀峰 《园艺学报》2017,44(12):2372-2382

采用LED精量调制光源,以番茄品种‘Micro-Tom’为试材,设置红光(R)、蓝光(B)和红蓝组合光3︰1(3R1B)3个处理,以白光(W)为对照,研究红蓝光质对转色期间番茄果实主要品质及番茄红素生物合成关键酶基因表达的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,红光和3R1B处理可显著提高番茄果实可溶性糖含量和糖酸比,降低可滴定酸含量;蓝光下维生素C、可溶性蛋白和可滴定酸含量明显升高,可溶性糖含量较低,但与对照差异不明显。随着果实成熟,红光和3R1B处理下番茄红素含量及牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶(GGPS)和八氢番茄红素合成酶(PSY)基因的表达量显著高于蓝光和对照,尤以3R1B处理最明显;蓝光则显著降低了番茄红素含量,GGPS和PSY1表达受到抑制。综上,蓝光能够促进维生素C、蛋白质和有机酸含量增加;红光和红蓝组合光则有利于碳水化合物的积累,且通过提高番茄红素生物合成关键酶基因GGPS和PSY1的转录水平和活性,促进番茄红素合成,尤以3R1B处理最佳。说明适宜比例的红蓝组合光有利于番茄果实转色,提高果实品质。  相似文献   

草菇子实体提取物的抗氧化活性     

杨健华  秦惠娟  彭璐  王琦  李玉 《食用菌学报》2017,(2):55-58

为考察草菇(Volvariella volvacea)子实体提取物(VBS)的抗氧化活性,测定了对两种自由基的清除率及其总还原力,结果表明:对羟自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率以及总还原力均与VBS的浓度存在正相关的量效关系,IC50值分别为1.40、0.67、0.63mg/mL。以ICR雄性小鼠为研究对象,灌胃给药12d,再用CCl4花生油溶液灌胃,8h后分别测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)的活力及丙二醛(MDA)的含量,各项指标在血清中的结果表明,VBS中剂量组(200 mg/kg)的抗氧化活性较好,而在肝脏中则表明VBS高剂量组(400mg/kg)的抗氧化活性较好。  相似文献   

Effects of Pre-Stratification Storage Conditions on Black Walnut Seed Post-Stratification Germination Capacity     

Patricia Flores  Damián Poggi  Stella Maris García  Marcela Catraro 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2017,17(1):29-40

The objective of this work was to quantify changes in the germination capacity of Juglans nigra seeds following storage and then artificial stratification. Seeds were stored at 5 and –20 °C under 5% and 14% internal moisture content (IMC) for 0, 8, 10, and 12 months under conditions with oxygen or under vacuum. Germination percentage (GP) was affected by storage temperature, IMC, and storage period. Seeds stored with 5% IMC succeeded in germinating regardless of the temperature. Seeds stored with 14% IMC did not germinate (–20 °C) or germinated during storage (5 °C). The GP was reduced with the time of storage in seeds at –20 °C and 5% IMC and this effect was avoided in storage under vacuum. In conclusion, the germination capacity of black walnut seeds did not change for up to 12 months at low above-zero temperature and low IMC (5 °C, 5% IMC), being the most cost-effective alternative for long-term storage of black walnut seeds in commercial nurseries. Vacuum storage avoided the decrease of around 50% in average germination capacity of seeds stored for a year at –20 °C.  相似文献   

Strawberry Shelf Life,Composition, and Enzymes Activity in Response to Edible Chitosan Coatings     

Mohamed E. I. Badawy  Entsar I. Rabea  Mahmoud A. M. El-Nouby  Rania I. A. Ismail  Nehad E. M. Taktak 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2017,17(2):117-136

A series of active biodegradable coatings based on chitosan, gelatin, starch, and sorbitol with or without monoterpenes (geraniol and thymol) were prepared and applied on fresh strawberry fruit as postharvest treatments. The coated fruits were inoculated with fungal spores of Botrytis cinerea and stored for 7 days at 4 °C. Decay incidence, weight loss, anthocyanins, total soluble solids (TSS), total soluble phenolics (TSP), polygalacturonase (PGase), pectin-lyase (PLase), antioxidant activity, guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and catalase (CAT) were elucidated in the fruits of experimental sets and they were compared with that of controls. The coatings showed a significant effect on the development of quality variables, with the additional effect of geraniol and thymol as a function of the polysaccharide matrix. The coatings inhibited decay incidence, reduced weight loss, delayed changes in the contents of anthocyanin, TSS, and total soluble phenolics; inhibited the increase in G-POD and PPO activities; and retarded the reduction in CAT activity. Compared to the controls, all of the coatings had positive effects on the inhibition of cell wall degrading enzymes (PGase and PLase) and among all the tested coatings, T5, chitosan (1%) + starch (1%) + sorbitol (0.5%) + tween (0.05%) + thymol (0.02%) was the best. This formulation showed also the highest antimicrobial activity and the greatest effect on other physiochemical parameters and it can be suggested to use it as a useful coating agent for extending the shelf-life and maintaining quality of strawberry fruit.  相似文献   

Potassium fertilization improves apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh. Cv. Fuji) development by regulating trehalose metabolism     

W. Zhang  N. S. Zhang  J. J. Zhao  Z. Y. Zhao  L. X. Mei 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(5):539-549

Potassium (K) fertilization and antioxidant enzymes both positively influence plant growth and development. However, it is not known whether K treatment improves fruit development via increasing soluble sugar. In this study, K-treated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit was harvested from 60 to 150 days after full bloom and was analyzed for ROS production and trehalose metabolism. The results show that K fertilization improved fruit firmness, increased growth according to several parameters, increased soluble sugar content, and decreased ROS production. The ascorbate metabolic pathway more effectively reduced ROS production than catalase and peroxidase (POD) did under K treatment. Trehalose-treated fruit also showed higher activity of ascorbate-related enzymes (DHAR, GR, and APX) compared with non-treated fruit. The changes of antioxidant enzyme activity in trehalose-treated fruit corresponded to those in K-treated fruit. Moreover, trehalase (TREH) activity in fruit was notably reduced by K treatment. This demonstrates that K influences ROS production via regulating trehalose content and TREH activity in fruit. This study provides new insight into the K mechanism which improves fruit development, including fruit firmness and size.  相似文献   

不同采收期咖啡果实物理性状比较     

李亚男  杨世贵  严炜  刘倩  毕晓菲 《热带作物学报》2017,37(3):57-62

以潞江坝的Catimor系列品种咖啡鲜果为材料,研究不同采收期对咖啡果实物理性状的影响。结果表明,不同成熟期果实的物理性状差异为极显著,其中,早期和晚期成熟的咖啡鲜果和咖啡豆颗粒较小,物理性状较差,而中期成熟的咖啡鲜果和咖啡豆颗粒较大,物理性状较好。  相似文献   

喷施乙烯利对‘HAES900’澳洲坚果果实脱落和品质的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

柳觐  陈丽兰  倪书邦  孔广红  马静  李玉宏  吴超  贺熙勇 《热带作物学报》2017,(2):194-198

为解决澳洲坚果采收难和采收成本高的关键问题,以‘HAES900’澳洲坚果成龄结果树为材料,在采收期分别喷施低浓度梯度(0.40、0.65、0.90 g/L)和高浓度梯度(0.80、1.30、1.80 g/L)的乙烯利溶液,对喷施乙烯利溶液后的落果率、果柄附着力和果实品质进行了调查和分析。结果表明,低浓度乙烯利对果实脱落有促进作用,但落果率达不到生产要求;喷施1.80 g/L的乙烯利溶液2周和4周后的落果率分别达到98.75%和100.00%,可满足生产要求;喷施浓度为0.80、1.30和1.80 g/L的乙烯利会使果柄附着力显著降低,且果柄附着力与落果率呈极显著负相关;果柄附着力可作为判断澳洲坚果适宜采收期的指标之一。采用本方法采收对壳果含水量、单壳果重、壳果平均横径、单果仁重、出仁率和一级果仁率等品质参数无显著影响,且可缩短澳洲坚果采收周期,降低采收成本。  相似文献   

我国蓝莓食品加工现状分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高明明  肖月欢  王幸  孙月  宋雅  邱朝坤 《保鲜与加工》2017,17(3):111-117

作为"浆果之王"的蓝莓,营养价值丰富,鉴于其保鲜难度和成本,目前世界各国仍以加工为主,其加工途径十分广泛。本文综述了我国近几年蓝莓食品加工行业的基本情况,对蓝莓果酒、蓝莓饮料、蓝莓果醋、蓝莓果酱等主流蓝莓加工食品的工艺、特性、品质等进行了概述,并对我国蓝莓食品加工的发展方向提出了建议。  相似文献   

不同浓度1-MCP对早酥梨果实常温贮藏品质的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈柏  颉敏华  王学喜  吴小华  王宝春  张鑫  牛济军 《保鲜与加工》2017,17(4):6-9

以早酥梨为试材,研究常温(20℃),相对湿度80%~90%贮藏条件下不同浓度(0.5、1.0、1.5μL/L)的1-MCP对早酥梨果实贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,1-MCP处理能够较好地抑制果实叶绿素含量的降低与黄化指数的升高,延缓早酥梨果实的黄化、软化过程,并保持果实较高的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量。其中,1.5μL/L浓度的1-MCP对早酥梨果实的黄化控制效果最好,且能较好地保持果实品质,是早酥梨果实的适宜处理浓度。  相似文献