杂交棉叶片衰老特点及高产生理机制研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李伶俐  林同保  房卫平  马宗斌  张东林  杜远仿 《河南农业大学学报》2006,40(4):341-345

在大田条件下,研究了杂交棉生育后期主茎倒3叶的衰老、抗衰老生理指标及叶片光合性能的变化特点.结果表明,豫杂35和中棉29与中棉19相比较,主茎叶的叶绿素含量高,随叶龄增加下降慢;叶片生长前期气孔导度大,生长后期叶片中SOD和POD活性高、MDA含量低、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)大,光合速率高而且随叶龄增加下降缓慢.3个品种的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)的日变化均表现为倒抛物线型,但是豫杂35和中棉29的日变化曲线平缓、中午下降幅度小,对强光利用能力强.  相似文献   

秃瓣杜英开花与结实物候期的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈家法  田开慧  余格非  侯伯鑫  陶申绵 《湖南林业科技》2006,33(1):33-34

秃瓣杜英是我国南方特产的优良绿化树种,湖南是该树种绿化苗木及种子的主产区。本文首次报道秃瓣杜英开花与结实的物候期,野生种与栽培类型的花、果及种子的形态变异,提出每年最佳采种时间山区为9月28日~10月5日,丘陵区为9月30日~10月7日。  相似文献   

油茶幼林结实与果枝特性研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈永忠  彭邵锋  王湘南  杨小胡  王德斌  庞文胜  陈照亮 《湖南林业科技》2006,33(6):5-8

通过对油茶自花授粉全同胞子代、无性系间控制授粉全同胞子代、半同胞子代和无性系四种不同群体的结果枝特性和开花结实特点等主要经济性状的研究,揭示了四种群体及其优良林分的结实特性和产量规律,为油茶杂交组合、优良家系和无性系等良种的生产应用和栽培技术、以及进一步开展杂交和选择育种研究积累了必要的技术和理论知识。  相似文献   

果树废弃枝条资源化处理研究现状     

李婧骅  孙一丹  梁嘉宜  李梅芳 《农学学报》2023,13(10):31-36

随着中国果园种植面积的不断扩大,果树废弃枝条数量日渐增长。果树废弃枝条蕴含丰富的矿物质,是宝贵的生物资源,但是,目前不当利用方式造成了资源的浪费。综述了果树枝条利用概况和处理研究现状,归纳果树废弃枝条资源化处理存在的问题,并针对问题提出意见和建议。为今后果树废弃枝条处理的深入探索及推广应用提供参考。  相似文献   

桃果实品质动态变化及其对气象因子的响应     

王璐瑶  闫锦涛  刘涛  李静楠  陈维 《农学学报》2023,13(11):49-54

为提高桃品质并确定最佳采收期,以‘久保’为供试材料,分析果实的单果重、果径、硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量的变化规律,并利用多元回归法建立果实品质与关键气象因子的综合模型。结果表明：桃果实单果重和果径生长发育动态呈现“慢—快—慢”阶段性特征,且均符合Logister曲线,单果重增长极大值出现在花后91 d,纵径增长极大值出现在花后66 d,横径增长极大值出现时间比纵径推迟5 d;随着果实的成熟,硬度逐渐下降,可溶性固形物含量呈上升趋势,上升幅度逐渐加快,可滴定酸含量先小范围波动后迅速下降。结合回归分析结果可判定,果实品质主要受≥18℃积温、≥24℃积温、日均气温和累计日照时数的共同影响。在≥18℃积温≥1170.21℃、≥24℃积温≥769.23℃、日均气温≥27.00℃、累计日照时数≥318.89 h条件下,果实品质达到最佳成熟度。  相似文献   

Predicting the potential geographic distribution of Bactrocera bryoniae and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Diptera: Tephritidae) in China using MaxEnt ecological niche modeling          下载免费PDF全文

Jing Wan  QI Guo-jun  MA Jun  Yonglin Ren  WANG Rui  Simon MCKIRDY 《农业科学学报》2020,19(8):2072-2082

Bactrocera bryoniae and Bactrocera neohumeralis are highly destructive and major biosecurity/quarantine pests of fruit and vegetable in the tropical and subtropical regions in the South Pacific and Australia. Although these pests have not established in China, precautions must be taken due to their highly destructive nature. Thus, we predicted the potential geographic distribution of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis across the world and in particular China by ecological niche modeling of the Maximum Entropy(Max Ent) model with the occurrence records of these two species. Bactrocera bryoniae and B. neohumeralis exhibit similar potential geographic distribution ranges across the world and in China, and each species was predicted to be able to distribute to over 20% of the globe. Globally, the potential geographic distribution ranges for these two fruit fly species included southern Asia, the central and the southeast coast of Africa, southern North America, northern and central South America, and Australia. While within China, most of the southern Yangtze River area was found suitable for these species. Notably, southern China was considered to have the highest risk of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis invasions. Our study identifies the regions at high risk for potential establishment of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis in the world and in particular China, and informs the development of inspection and biosecurity/quarantine measures to prevent and control their invasions.  相似文献   

Effects of post-silking water deficit on the leaf photosynthesis and senescence of waxy maize          下载免费PDF全文

YE Yu-xiu  WEN Zhang-rong  YANG Huan  LU Wei-ping  LU Da-lei 《农业科学学报》2020,19(9):2216-2228

Waxy maize is widely cultivated under rainfed conditions and frequently suffers water shortage during the late growth stage. In this study, a pot trial was conducted to examine the effects of post-silking drought on leaf photosynthesis and senescence and its influence on grain yield. Two waxy maize hybrids, Suyunuo 5(SYN5) and Yunuo 7(YN7), were grown under the control and drought(soil moisture content was 70–80% and 50–60%, respectively) conditions after silking in 2016 and 2017. The decrease in yield was 11.1 and 15.4% for YN7 and SYN5, respectively, owing to the decreased grain weight and number. Post-silking dry matter accumulation was reduced by 27.2% in YN7 and 26.3% in SYN5. The contribution rate of pre-silking photoassimilates transferred to grain yield was increased by 15.6% in YN7 and 10.2% in SYN5, respectively. Post-silking drought increased the malondialdehyde content, but decreased the contents of water, soluble protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoid in the leaves. The weakened activities of enzymes involved in photosynthesis(ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and antioxidant system(catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) reduced the photosynthetic rate(P_n) and accelerated leaf senescence. The correlation results indicated that reduced Pn and catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde content under drought conditions induced the decrease of post-silking photoassimilates deposition, ultimately resulted in the grain yield loss.  相似文献   

热带果蔬采后冷害研究进展     

张丹丹  屈红霞  段学武  蒋跃明 《热带作物学报》2020,41(10):2062-2079

果蔬采后冷害机制及其防控是当前采后研究领域中倍受关注的科技问题。果蔬冷害发生是由内在因子和外部环境因素共同作用的结果。近年来,随着现代分子生物学技术的应用,并借鉴模式植物拟南芥的研究成果,果蔬采后冷害发生调控机理及防控技术研究取得一系列进展。本文综述了热带果蔬采后冷害发生的生理与分子机制和冷害防控技术的最新研究成果,关注能量代谢调控果蔬采后冷害作用,重点介绍了生物技术在防控果蔬冷害上的应用,并对今后研究方向作了展望。  相似文献   

Potential Anti-Aging Substances Derived from Seaweeds     

Lei Cao  Sang Gil Lee  Kwon Taek Lim  Hyeung-Rak Kim 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)

Aging is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The exact mechanisms underlying the aging process are not fully elucidated. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that several pathways, such as sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, insulin-like growth factor, autophagy, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 play critical roles in regulating aging. Furthermore, genetic or dietary interventions of these pathways can extend lifespan by delaying the aging process. Seaweeds are a food source rich in many nutrients, including fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds. The health benefits of seaweeds include, but are not limited to, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obese activities. Interestingly, a body of studies shows that some seaweed-derived extracts or isolated compounds, can modulate these aging-regulating pathways or even extend lifespans of various animal models. However, few such studies have been conducted on higher animals or even humans. In this review, we focused on potential anti-aging bioactive substances in seaweeds that have been studied in cells and animals mainly based on their anti-aging cellular and molecular mechanisms.  相似文献   

桔小实蝇在云南蒙自地区的发生规律研究     

张锡  杨秋艳  付启春  彭磊 《中国果菜》2020,(4):68-73

桔小实蝇寄主范围广、繁殖量大、危害重,是世界性的重要检疫害虫。本文通过调查分析,研究了云南蒙自市的海拔、防治措施、果树种类三因素对桔小实蝇种群动态的影响。结果表明,桔小实蝇在1412 m低海拔地区的种群数量大于1608 m和1700 m高海拔地区的,这说明海拔越高,桔小实蝇种群数量越小,危害也越小。根据在相似海拔地区相同果园桔小实蝇种群数量的比较,发现严格按照本课题组探索的防治措施做好桔小实蝇防治能收到良好的效果。蒙自市的水果成熟期不同,随着各种水果的成熟,桔小实蝇种群动态会出现多个峰值,3~5月桔小实蝇种群高峰期主要出现在枇杷园,7~10月主要出现在石榴园、小红枣园和水蜜桃园。对桔小实蝇在蒙自种群动态的调查,能够为下一步防治措施的制定做好准备。  相似文献