Breeding for provitamin A biofortification of maize (Zea mays L.)          下载免费PDF全文

Muhammad Amir Maqbool  Muhammad Aslam  Abdurahman Beshir  Muhammad Sarwar Khan 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(4):451-469

Vitamin A deficiency is widely prevailing in children and women of developing countries. Deficiency of vitamin A causes night blindness, growth retardation, xerophthalmia and increases the susceptibility against epidemic diseases. Among different interventions of overcoming malnutrition, biofortification is the most acceptable and preferred intervention among researchers, growers and consumers. Maize is grown and consumed in those regions where vitamin A deficiency is most prevalent; thus, targeting this crop for provitamin A biofortification is the most appropriate solution. Different breeding strategies including diversity analysis, introduction and stability analysis of exotic germplasm, hybridization, heterosis breeding, mutagenesis and marker‐assisted selection are practised for exploring maize germplasm and development of provitamin A‐enriched cultivars. Genome‐wide association selection and development of transgenic maize genotypes are also being practised, whereas RNA interference and genome editing tools could also be used as potential strategies for provitamin A biofortification of maize genotypes. The use of these breeding strategies for provitamin A biofortification of maize is comprehensively reviewed to provide a working outline for maize breeders.  相似文献   

Genes encoding heat shock proteins in the endoparasitoid wasp,Cotesia chilonis,and their expression in response to temperatures     

Dan-dan PAN  Shuang-shuang CAO  Ming-xing LU  San-bao HANG  Yu-zhou DU 《农业科学学报》2018,17(5):1012-1022

Five genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs), Cchsp40, Cchsp60, Cchsp70, Cchsc70 and Cchsp90, were cloned and sequenced from Cotesia chilonis using RT-PCR and RACE. The cDNA sequences of Cchsp40, Cchsp60, Cchsp70, Cchsc70 and Cchsp90 were 1 265, 2 551, 2 094, 2 297 and 2 635 bp in length, respectively, with a molecular weight (MW) of 39.1, 60.6, 71.45, 70.19 and 82.92 kDa, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequences of these proteins showed high similarities with published HSPs of other insects in Hymenoptera. Analysis of genomic DNAs indicated that Cchsp40, Cchsp60, Cchsp70 and Cchsp90 lacked introns, but Cchsc70 contained an intron. The results also suggested that CcHSP40 in C. chilonis was the Type II HSP40, CcHSP60 was a member of the mitochondrial HSP60 family, and CcHSP90 was a part of cytoplasmic HSP90A family. Expression patterns varied in the five Cchsps in response to temperature. Expression of Cchsp40 and Cchsp60 was induced significantly by cold but not heat stress. Cchsp70 and Cchsc70 showed similar response to the thermal stress and could be induced by both cold and heat, but their expression levels were consistently lower than that of Cchsp40 and Cchsp60. Cchsp90 could be induced by heat stress and mild cold, but not cold stress. In addition, the results demonstrated Cchsc70 might be constitutive and inducible protein that was expressed during normal cell functioning and also up-regulated in response to stressful stimuli while Cchsp70 was solely inducible protein induced by temperature changes. Overall, results generated from this study could significantly advance the understanding of Cchsps in response to temperature and provide important biological information for C. chilonis insects that reared under different temperatures.  相似文献   

Genomic structure and molecular characterization of growth hormone and its expression response to different feed types in golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758)          下载免费PDF全文

Yin‐Yin Liang  Hua‐Yang Guo  Ke‐Cheng Zhu  Nan Zhang  Jing‐Wen Yang  Xiao‐Xiao Sun  Shi‐Gui Jiang  Dian‐Chang Zhang 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(5):1973-1986

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海蜇Frizzled1基因的克隆及在无性繁殖中的表达     

潘滢  朱玲  周春娅  陈四清  庄志猛 《中国水产科学》2018,25(6):1335-1346

采用RACE技术解析了海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)Frizzled1基因的cDNA和基因组结构:Re-Fzd1基因的全长cDNA为2387 bp,其中编码区为1761bp,编码586个氨基酸的多肽。SMART分析表明,Re-Fzd1基因具备Fzd家族共同的结构特征,包括:一个由23个氨基酸组成的信号肽,一个位于N-末端富含10个保守半胱氨酸残基的半胱氨酸富集域(CRD),一个含有7个跨膜片段的跨膜结构域,以及一个含有5个重要的磷酸化位点的C端尾巴。多序列比对表明,Re-Fzd1基因与刺胞动物贝螅(Hydra echinata)、水螅(Hydra vulgaris)、半球美螅水母(Clytia hemisphaerica)和海葵(Nematostella vectensis)Fzd1具有高度相似性,与来自脊椎动物人(Homo sapiens)、鼠(Mus musculus)、爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)和斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的Fzd1、Fzd2和Fzd7家族基因也具有较高的同源性。基于N-J法,将人、鼠、爪蟾、斑马鱼和果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)所有Fzd家族基因系统进化分析显示,除果蝇外,所有Fzd家族成员聚类成4个类群,11个亚家族,海蜇Re-Fzd1基因首先与刺胞动物门的Fzd1聚类在一起,然后与脊椎动物Fzd1、Fzd2和Fzd7三个家族聚成一个类群,表明脊椎动物Fzd1、Fzd2和Fzd7家族可能与刺胞动物门的Fzd1起源于同一个共同祖先。Re-Fzd1基因组序列中不含有内含子。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,Re-Fzd1基因在海蜇无性繁殖的4个发育阶段均有表达,其中,表达量最高的横裂体阶段是表达量最低的稚水母阶段的3.67倍。整体原位杂交显示,在海蜇横裂体时期,Re-Fzd1原位表达在触手、基座及发生横裂的部位。这些结果都表明,Re-Fzd1不但参与了海蜇的早期发育过程,还调控了海蜇无性繁殖的发生。  相似文献   

Comparative genomic insights into the taxonomy of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from different hosts: Marine,freshwater and migratory fish          下载免费PDF全文

Jianchun Shao  Qingxiang Guo  Ruixue Hu  Zemao Gu 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(1):197-204

Edwardsiella tarda, a Gram‐negative member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, has been isolated from many animal species worldwide, especially fish species. Its broad host range indicates the diversity in taxonomy, which attracted the attention of many researchers. Here, we added genome of E. tarda strain isolated from freshwater fish to comparative genomics study for the first time. We sequenced and assembled the genome of E. tarda ASE201307 which was isolated from freshwater Asian swamp eel. ASE201307 genome contained a single circular chromosome of 3.68M with G+C 57.09% content. Comparative genomics including SNP calling, synteny block, Core/Pan genes analysis and phylogeny analysis was conducted among ASE201307 and other Edwardsiella strains isolated from different fish species. Results of SNP analysis and synteny block demonstrated the close relative of ASE201307, FL95.01 and DT which were all isolated from freshwater fish. In further analysis heat map of dispensable genes and phylogenetic tree, all E. tarda strains were divided into two groups. One was isolated from freshwater fish and the other was isolated from marine/migratory fish. Based on all studies above, we proposed the living environment of hosts as a new taxonomic character and divided E. tarda isolated from diseased fish into freshwater group and marine/migratory group.  相似文献   

Genetic identification of a newly synthetic allopolyploid strain with 206 chromosomes in polyploid gibel carp          下载免费PDF全文

Meng Lu  Zhong‐Wei Wang  Chong‐Jiang Hu  Li Zhou  Jian‐Fang Gui 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(1):1-10

A newly synthetic allopolyploid strain (SAS) was selected and established from gynogenetic offspring of gibel carp clone A⁺ with 156 chromosomes induced by common carp sperm with 50 chromosomes. In this study, the allopolyploid strain was detected to contain 206 chromosomes, and the growth trait was evaluated to have 25.15% growth faster than that of clone A⁺. Genetic marker analyses of transferrin (Tf) alleles, ITS1 sequences and mtDNA D‐loop sequences indicated that the allopolyploid strain was synthetized from maternal gibel carp clone A⁺ and paternal common carp, and the synthetic chromosome sets were further confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and chromosome localization of 45S rDNA. Significantly, the synthetic allopolyploid strain has tended to be stable by five successive generations of gynogenesis, because it still keeps unisexual reproduction mode of gynogenesis. Therefore, it will become a novel variety for gibel carp aquaculture in future.  相似文献   

蒙古马基因组拷贝数变异的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李浩天  王伟  凌宇  崔岩  周欢敏  张焱如 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(1):153-160

拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)在人类和动物基因组中普遍存在,是重要的遗传变异资源.本试验利用比较基因组杂交(comparative genomic hybridization,CGH)芯片对2匹蒙古马和1匹纯血马进行全基因组CNV检测,共检测到210个CNVs,长度6 109 bp至571.87 kb,平均值为37.81 kb,中值为14.45 kb.合并重叠的CNVs,共检测到70个CNV区域(CNV region,CNVR),大小从6 151 bp至573.59 kb,平均值和中值分别为38.93和14.45 kb,总长度为6.19 Mb.经CNV基因注释和功能分析发现,大部分基因与嗅觉受体活性、嗅觉感官知觉、化学刺激的感官知觉、识别和嗅觉传导等功能相关.对5个CNVRs进行qPCR检验,83.33%的qPCR结果与CGH芯片结果一致.通过对蒙古马基因组拷贝数变异的研究,证明CNV在马基因组中普遍存在,为揭示马基因组CNV与重要生物性状的关联性及品种改良奠定了基础.  相似文献   

小麦-鹅观草易位系T7A/1Rk#1的选育与鉴定     

别同德  冯祎高  徐川梅  陈佩度 《核农学报》2009,23(5):737-742

将小麦-鹅观草del1Rk#1L二体添加系的花粉用10 Gy 60Co γ射线照射处理,给小麦中国春授粉,获得杂种。综合利用C-分带、GISH、顺次C带/45SrDNA-FISH和顺次GISH/45SrDNA-FISH等分子细胞遗传学技术在M2代筛选和鉴定出1个涉及小麦7A和鹅观草1Rk#1染色体的相互易位染色体系,并获得1Rk#1染色体的1个45SrDNA位标,该位标和其对应的红色GISH-带纹能够特异地识别1Rk#1染色体短臂。对M2代群体染色体组成分析和测交分析表明,两条易位染色体在后代中以共分离方式成对出现,且易位通过雌配子的传递率高于雄配子。综合2004、2005和2006 3年的赤霉病抗性鉴定结果表明：该易位系对赤霉病表现部分抗病,但抗性表现在不同年份、不同地点有差异。试验还证明花粉辐射是诱导小麦-外缘物种染色体易位的有效方法。  相似文献   

Immunoadjuvant effects of bacterial genomic DNA and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides on avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 inactivated oil emulsion vaccine in chicken     

Wang Y  Shan C  Ming S  Liu Y  Du Y  Jiang G 《Research in veterinary science》2009,86(3):399-405

This study investigated the immunoadjuvant effects of three types of bacterial genomic DNA and CpG oligonucleotides (CpG ODN) on the avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 inactivated oil emulsion vaccine under two immunization strategies. The genomic DNA extracted from Escherichia coli O₂, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis FQ68, and synthetic CpG ODN were used as adjuvants, and their effects on the AIV oil emulsion vaccine were examined in chickens. The results indicated that when administered separately from the vaccine, adjuvants induced lower haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres and serum IgG titres but resulted in higher concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10. In contrast, when combined with the oil emulsion vaccine prior to inoculation, CpG ODN induced higher HI, IgG titres and IFN-γ concentration but resulted in lower IL-10 concentration. These data suggest that, depending on the immunization approaches, adjuvants may exert distinct immune effects in chickens receiving AIV H5N1 oil emulsion vaccine: the prior incorporation of CpG ODN into the vaccine may augment both the humoral and Th1 type immune responses, while separate inoculation of adjuvants has not shown better adjuvanticity.  相似文献   

一种改良的CTAB法提取马尾松基因组DNA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈碧华 《广东林业科技》2009,25(2):26-29

以马尾松针叶为试验材料,利用改良的CTAB法抽提基因组DNA,其浓度和纯度符合PCR实验的要求,经凝胶电泳检测,DNA纯化效果好。  相似文献