Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to chitosan and acibenzolar‐S‐methyl     

Zaida Muñoz  Assumpció Moret 《Pest management science》2010,66(9):974-979

BACKGROUND: The antifungal properties of chitosan and acibenzolar‐S‐methyl were evaluated to assess their potential for protecting grapes against Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr. isolated from Vitis vinifera L. The objectives were to determine the effects of these compounds on the in vitro development of B. cinerea and to assess their effectiveness at controlling grey mould on grapes stored at different temperatures. RESULTS: Both agents significantly inhibited the radial growth of this fungus species. The EC₅₀ was 1.77 mg mL^?1 for chitosan and 3.44 mg mL^?1 for acibenzolar‐S‐methyl. In addition, single grapes treated with aqueous solutions of chitosan (1.0 and 2.5 mg mL^?1) and acibenzolar‐S‐methyl (1.0 and 3.0 mg mL^?1) were inoculated with B. cinerea and incubated at both 4 and 24 °C. After 4 days at 24 °C, all the concentrations of chitosan and acibenzolar‐S‐methyl significantly reduced B. cinerea growth. However, at 4 °C, significant differences were only observed between chitosan at 2.5 mg mL^?1 and acibenzolar‐S‐methyl at both 1.0 and 3.0 mg mL^?1 and the corresponding controls. After 3 days at 24 °C, the greatest reduction in lesion size was obtained in grapes pretreated with acibenzolar‐S‐methyl at 3.0 mg mL^?1. Only the highest doses of these products significantly reduced the lesion diameters when grapes were stored for 3 days at 4 °C. CONCLUSIONS: Chitosan and acibenzolar‐S‐methyl could directly inhibit the growth of Botrytis cinerea in vitro and confer resistance on grapes against grey mould. Pretreatment with these compounds could be an alternative to traditional fungicides in post‐harvest disease control in grapes. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

葡萄园施用土壤消毒剂1号对产量及防病效果的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

徐祖祥  陆妙根 《中国农学通报》2012,28(25):256-259

为了提高葡萄产量以及控制土壤障碍因子的发生,采用土壤消毒剂1号在葡萄园进行不同用量的对比试验。结果表明：土壤消毒剂1号450~900 kg/hm2结合施45%葡萄专用肥750 kg/hm2,比不施土壤消毒剂1号对照（施45%复合肥750 kg/hm2）提高葡萄产量20.7%~28.6%,提高经济效益19.8%~28.6%;有效防治白腐病、炭疽病、霜霉病危害。4个不同量处理比对照处理减少的白粉病、炭疽病、霜霉病危害率分别为73.7%、78.9%、78.9%和78.9%,明显提高防病效果。同时更进一步表明,以750 kg/hm2施用量对葡萄产量和经济效益及防病效果达到最佳。  相似文献   

Mulched cover crops as an alternative to conventional weed management systems in vineyards     

S STEINMAUS  C L ELMORE†  R J SMITH‡  D DONALDSON§  E A WEBER§  J A RONCORONI†  & P R M MILLER 《Weed Research》2008,48(3):273-281

Conventional methods of weed management in vineyards rely primarily on herbicides and tillage. The desire to adopt alternatives to these methods is driven by environmental and economic reasons. Weed suppression and grape yield under mulched cover crop systems at two rainfed northern California vineyards were similar to, and at times exceeded, those under conventional tillage or herbicide management. Cover crop productivity was positively correlated with weed suppression and mulch decomposition rates and seemed to be determined primarily by location and then by cover crop type. The mulch from mowed cover crops averaged 603(± 94) gm⁻² at the two sites. Weed suppression was linked to light interception by the mulch cover for most weed species. Subterranean clover planted directly in the vine row significantly reduced weed cover where it established. The increased dominance of the perennial Convolvulus arvensis and reduction of certain annual species was indicative of species compositional changes in all treatments. Profits under the cover cropping systems exceeded those under conventional tillage and herbicide systems by €  794 ha⁻¹ averaged over the duration of the experiment at both locations.  相似文献   

海水灌溉对‘赤霞珠’葡萄果实品质的影响     

黄丽鹏  张秀圆  王杨  付艳东  翟衡  邵小杰 《中国农业科学》2017,50(18):3581-3590

【目的】研究海水灌溉对葡萄果实品质的影响,探讨海水在葡萄园灌溉上的合理应用途径。【方法】以蓬莱国宾、中粮长城两个基地的‘赤霞珠’葡萄为试材,于2013—2016年在果实发育期连续4年进行10%海水灌溉。2016年进行不同海水组合处理(10%磁化海水、10%海水加菌肥、1年10%海水和2年10%海水)的比较试验,在果实成熟期测定葡萄可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、糖组分、总酚、单宁、花色苷、维生素C和香气成分等品质指标。【结果】国宾基地连续3年、4年进行10%海水灌溉,均显著增加‘赤霞珠’果实可溶性固形物含量,降低可滴定酸含量,但对果皮色差无显著性影响。中粮基地10%磁化海水、10%海水+菌肥、1年10%海水和2年10%海水4种海水灌溉处理均显著降低了果实可滴定酸,提高了糖酸比,只有10%海水+菌肥显著提高了果实百粒重和可溶性固形物含量。不同海水处理提高了果实葡萄糖、果糖含量,1年和2年海水处理的果糖含量比对照(清水)显著提高了35.3%和42.7%,葡萄糖提高了66.7%和70.7%。海水处理还提高了果实总酚、花色苷、维生素C的含量,降低了单宁含量,其中,4种海水处理显著提高了维生素C含量,分别增加46.8%、60.8%、57.2%和79.7%,磁化海水、添加菌肥显著降低单宁含量。赤霞珠葡萄果实共检测到38种香气成分,主要包括醇类、醛类、酯类、酮类等物质,海水灌溉和对照共有香气成分为24种,海水处理增加了香气种类,提高香气物质总量,4种处理比对照分别增加了75%、92.2%、25.9%和38.8%;香气总量以添加菌肥处理的增加幅度最大,其次为磁化海水。主要香气成分(E)-2-己烯-1醇、2-己烯醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、壬醛等物质中,均以磁化海水和添加菌肥处理的增加幅度最大;含量最高的2-己烯醛在4个处理中比对照分别提高了46.9%、95.6%、0.5%、19.3%。【结论】10%海水长期灌溉提高了果实品质,海水+菌肥则大幅提高了果实可溶性固形物含量和(E)-2-己烯-1醇、2-己烯醛等香气成分的积累。  相似文献   

红提葡萄引种表现及无公害管理技术     

范会鲜  刘贵锁  刘瑞  马恩凤 《北京农业》2010,(21)

为了弥补天津市静海县晚熟鲜食葡萄品种尚无种植的不足,静海县林业局于2006年自河北省昌黎果树研究所引进个大、色红、耐贮运的优质晚熟鲜食葡萄品种红提,进行引种表现观察及无公害管理技术示范,取得良好效果,为红提葡萄在天津地区发展及进行无公害管理提供技术依据。  相似文献   

Ochratoxin A-producing fungi in Spanish wine grapes and their relationship with meteorological conditions     

Neus?Bellí  David?Mitchell  Sonia?Marín  Isabel?Alegre  Antonio?J.?Ramos  Naresh?Magan  Vicente?SanchisEmail author 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,113(3):233-239

Forty vineyards from four wine making regions of Spain were sampled at three different growth stages in 2002 and 2003. The aim was to study the fungi associated with grapes and their ability to produce ochratoxin A (OTA) on synthetic media. Among the total mycoflora, 464 (7.7%) and 648 (10.8%) Aspergillus section Nigri (black aspergilli) strains were isolated in 2002 and 2003, respectively, and were classified into three groups: isolates with uniseriate heads, A. niger aggregate and A. carbonarius. The latter presented the highest percentage of OTA-positive strains (82% in 2002 and 76% in 2003) and produced the highest levels of toxin (2.5–25 μg g⁻¹). The sampling year, sampling date, the region and their interactions presented significant differences in the number of black aspergilli isolated. Most black aspergilli were found in 2003 and at harvest. A positive correlation between the number of black aspergilli found in grapes and the temperature in the field was found. Grapes from 2003, the warmest year, and from Costers del Segre, the warmest region, were significantly the most contaminated. No significant correlation between black aspergilli presence and other meteorological factors such as relative humidity or rainfall could be established. Musts from all the vineyards were also analysed in both years, although no OTA was found in either year.  相似文献   

Implementation of integrated pest management in Israel     

Reuben Ausher 《Phytoparasitica》1997,25(2):119-141

Supervised control programs were initiated by the Extension Service in the deciduous orchards of Upper Galilee and the Golan almost 20 years ago. The integrated pest management (IPM) project on fruit crops and vines, launched as a systematic state-wide program in 1991, covered 23% of the total acreage at the end of 1996. The program has reached a critical mass and generates a steady demand for this new kind of advisory service. The project has set the right pattern for intensive and continuous collaboration among research, extension and grower. The program has been successful in reaching out to growers with the help of a newly formed group of local and regional pest scouts; the field-level implementation is the responsibility of the extension system. A reduction of approximately 30% in the use of pesticides has been achieved. The project prepares the ground for environment-friendly and sustainable cropping systems, generating produce competitive on both the local as well as foreign markets. The program on indoor vegetables, flowers, herbs and spices initiated in 1992, had to address first the problem of the sweetpotato whitefly. The field program methodology relies on the establishment of model farms and plots. The model plots are used to examine supervised control scenarios which could, in turn, be diffused to all growers. A 30-50% reduction in the use of pesticides was achieved on the model farms. The program represents an integration of supervised control, fully fledged IPM, and biological control practices. The program on corn and cotton covers the entire acreage under these two crops. The cotton program is supported by an integrated resistance management component. Three area-wide pest management programs were initiated: in the Arava and Bet She’ an valleys, and in the Golan.  相似文献   

无核葡萄新品种‘瑞锋无核’     

徐海英  张国军  闫爱玲 《园艺学报》2005,32(3):559-564

 ‘瑞锋无核’是从‘先锋’的无性系后代中选出的优良晚熟无核葡萄新品种, 在北京9月中下旬成熟。果穗较松, 果粒近圆形, 平均单粒质量4.93 g, 经赤霉素处理后单粒可增大到平均11.19 g, 味酸甜, 肉较硬, 果面紫红色, 可溶性固形物16% ～18%。丰产, 生长势较强, 抗病力强, 栽培容易。  相似文献   

大败育型无核葡萄胚珠培养成苗技术研究   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

蒋爱丽  李世诚  金佩芳  骆军 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2002,20(1):45-48

将金星×郑州早红的杂交葡萄果穗在授粉后 60 d采回 ,取出胚珠接种在 1 /2 MS无激素的液体培养基中培养 ,经1 2 0 d后转接到不同处理的培养基中促进胚萌发。试验结果表明 ,1 /2 MS培养基加 BA0 .2 mg/L结合低温处理 3 0 d的培养条件 ,胚萌发率和成苗率最高 ,所获植株占萌发胚的 86% ,占培养胚珠的 45 % ,据此作者讨论和提出了大败育型无核葡萄胚珠培养的成苗技术和培养技术路线  相似文献   

新型反光材料特卫强对红富士葡萄果实着色及品质形成的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐晓松  曹丽春  张旭  李艳美  马会勤 《中国农业大学学报》2015,20(3):51-58

以设施栽培的红富士葡萄为试材,研究铺设0.75和1.00m幅宽的特卫强对设施内小环境及葡萄果实品质的影响。结果表明,设施内铺设特卫强显著提高了树冠中下层的光照强度,降低了夏季土壤温度。其中,铺设0.75和1.00m幅宽特卫强,距离地面60~140cm冠层处的光照反射率分别为对照的2~3和3~4倍;浆果成熟期,5~25cm土层的日均温度降低了1.2~2.3℃。铺设特卫强在加快葡萄成熟的同时,提高了果实内在品质并促进果皮着色,从而显著提高了消费者对葡萄的综合评价,增强了消费者对红富士葡萄果实的喜好程度。本研究还表明,铺设1.0m幅宽的特卫强对红富士葡萄的作用效果更明显;设施内要保证红富士着色率达到60%以上,应使667m2产量不超过1 375kg。  相似文献