土壤日晒在绿色植保中的应用与展望     

胡静荣  史彩华  石琳琳  魏启文  吴青君  方守国  李传仁  张友军 《植物保护》2019,45(3):27-35

土壤消毒主要用于土壤病虫草害防控。过去几十年,土壤主要采用化学药品熏蒸消毒,不合理使用容易造成环境污染。土壤蒸汽消毒、火焰消毒和热水浇灌等需要专门的仪器设备,且存在能耗较高、灭生性强、容易破坏土壤结构等缺点。目前,土壤日晒技术受到意大利、美国、以色列等70多个国家农业科学家的广泛关注,但在中国依然处于初级阶段。本文总结了国内外学者关于土壤日晒对农业病虫草害、土壤肥力、农作物产量等方面的影响与应用,分析了土壤日晒存在的局限性,并对土壤日晒在未来农业绿色防控上的应用前景进行了展望,以期为农产品无公害生产提供理论依据和实践参考。  相似文献   

黄壤旱地豆科绿肥养分释放特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

魏全全  张萌  陈龙  秦松  周春火  芶久兰 《草业科学》2021,38(1):63-69

在贵阳市黄壤旱地内采用尼龙网袋法,研究不同含水量的绿肥在直接还田和添加生物炭后翻压还田情况下的养分释放特征,以期为黄壤旱地绿肥科学还田及化肥合理减施提供理论依据。结果表明：不同处理的腐解速率趋势相同,均呈现先快速腐解、再缓慢腐解、并逐渐趋于平稳的趋势,总腐解速率表现为风干绿肥+生物炭 > 新鲜绿肥+生物炭 > 风干绿肥...  相似文献   

高等农业院校进行绿色教育的几点思考     

冯世德  孙太凡 《黑龙江农业科学》2007,(4):109-111

结合绿色教育开展情况,从农业院校的自身优势出发,阐述了农业院校创建绿色大学的有利条件以及目前所进行的一些有益探索.  相似文献   

拟态弧菌的绿色荧光蛋白标记及其在感染草鱼体内的动态分布     

高会会  侯立婷  李槿年  黄安宁 《水产学报》2015,39(4):557-565

为了示踪研究拟态弧菌感染草鱼的动态过程,将增强型绿色荧光蛋白编码基因EGFP克隆至质粒pBAD24,并转化到拟态弧菌04-14菌株构建荧光标记重组菌.重组菌经阿拉伯糖诱导后,能高效表达EGFP蛋白;荧光显微镜观察和流式细胞仪检测均发现重组菌能够发出明显的绿色荧光信号,且传至30代后质粒稳定率仍为100％;生物学特性检测结果显示,与野生株相比,重组菌的形态、生长特性和细胞黏附性均未发生明显改变.用标记重组菌浸泡感染草鱼,定点采集鳃、肠道、肌肉、头肾、脾脏和肝脏,借助荧光信号检测4d内细菌在不同组织脏器中的动态分布.结果发现感染4h后即可在肠道和鳃中检测到绿色荧光信号,标记菌检出量分别为3.60×108和2.36×106 CFU/g,直至10 h,其含量无明显变化,12 h后含菌量逐渐下降,但持续存在直至鱼死亡.标记菌在肌肉、头肾、脾脏和肝脏中呈现相似的动力学,感染24 h后才检测到荧光信号,24～ 85 h时间段含菌量呈现先增加后下降的变化,48 h达到峰值,检出量分别为9.58×104(肌肉)、8.75×104(头肾)、1.50×104(脾脏)和4.50×104 CFU/g(肝脏),但均低于肠道中的检出量,结果表明肠道是拟态弧菌黏附定植与繁殖的主要靶器官.  相似文献   

一株引起坛紫菜绿斑病病原的分离鉴定及致病性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

韩晓娟  茅云翔  李杰  李贵阳  李晨  刘莉  莫照兰 《水产学报》2015,39(11):1721-1729

为了明确引起坛紫菜绿斑病的病原,对2012年发生在福建省莆田养殖海区坛紫菜叶状体绿斑病开展了病原的分离鉴定和致病性研究。利用2216E海水培养基平板,从患病藻体分离得到一株优势细菌X5;在实验室条件下将X5进行回接感染实验,在显微镜下观察到坛紫菜叶状体发生组织病理变化,出现绿斑病症状:感染初期出现黄绿色小斑点,病斑逐渐扩大出现空洞,最后导致紫菜叶片流失;用浓度为10⁴~10⁸ cfu/mL的X5感染坛紫菜时,在7 d内引起紫菜出现10%~100%病斑面积,这些结果表明X5为坛紫菜绿斑病的病原。利用生理生化和多基因序列分析方法对X5进行鉴定,结果显示该菌为革兰氏阴性菌,大小为0.6 μm×0.4 μm~1.0 μm×0.4 μm,无鞭毛,在温度4~42℃、盐度50~150、pH6~10范围内生长,最适生长温度为16℃,最适生长盐度为50,最适pH为7,对甲硝唑、林可霉素和青霉素耐药,对25种抗生素敏感,Biolog和API ID-32E细菌鉴定系统的结果显示X5为弧菌属细菌(Vibriosp.);基于多基因序列(16S rRNA,rpoA,recA,pyrH)构建的系统进化树分析显示,X5与V.casei、V.litoralis、V.rumoiensis聚为一支,进化距离为0.095~0.108,这些结果说明X5为弧菌属的一个新种或是V.casei、V.litoralis、V.rumoiensis之一的一个新亚种。本研究报道了弧菌X5能够引起坛紫菜绿斑病,为紫菜流行病学及疾病防治提供了理论支撑。  相似文献   

Routine metabolism of larval green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris Ayres)     

E. Gisbert  J.J. Cech Jr.  S.I. Doroshov 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,25(3):195-200

Routine metabolic rates of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) from hatching to 31 days post hatch (dph) were determined under normoxic conditions. During the endogenous feeding stage that comprised period from hatching to 15 dph, the oxygen consumption rate (MO₂, μg O₂ larva⁻¹ h⁻¹) increased 5-fold before yolk reserves became exhausted and MO₂ rates steady. The allometric relationships between MO₂ and body mass had mass exponents greater than 1.0 (b=1.64±0.21) and equal to 1.0 (b=1.04±0.07) during the endogenous and exogenous feeding phases, respectively. The magnitude and changes of MO₂ rates in green sturgeon larvae reflected their early ontogeny, especially during the endogenous feeding phase when the increase in metabolic rates was associated with organogenesis, acquisition of organ functions, and the conversion of yolk sac into new tissues. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Effect of salinity on growth and energy budget of red and green colour variant sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenca)     

Peng Zhang  Shuanglin Dong  Fang Wang  Han Wang  Wei Gao  Yi Yan 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(11):1611-1619

Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenca), tolerates salinity fluctuations inhabiting intertide zone. This study deals with growth, food intake, food conversion and the bioenergetic responses of the red variant (wet weight of 2.60 ± 0.11g) and green variant (wet weight of 2.56 ± 0.08 g) A. japonicus to different salinities of 22, 26, 30, 34, and 38 psu at 16.5 ± 0.5°C. The results showed that salinity had a significant effect on specific growth rate (SGR) of both green and red variants A. japonicus (P < 0.05). Both colour variants of sea cucumber had highest SGR at 30 psu, and then decreased when salinity below or above this point. Maximum SGR (the green 1.07 ± 0.08% day^?1, the red 1.14 ± 0.09% day^?1 respectively) is related with maximum food intake (FI) and highest food conversion efficiency (FCE) (P < 0.05) occurring at 30 psu. Only under 22 psu, the green variant grew faster than the red variant (P < 0.05), and under other four salinity treatments there was no significant difference between SGR of two colour variant holothruians (P > 0.05). Values of adaptable salinity scope for green and red variants sea cucumber survival are 18.5~39 psu and 20.9~38.6 psu respectively. The average energy budget formula of sea cucumber at 30 psu was: 100C = 6G +42F +3U+49R (C, energy ingested; G, energy for growth; F, energy loss as faeces; U, energy used for ammonia excretion; R, energy loss for respiration). The sea cucumber had maximum energy ingested (C) and highest proportion of energy for growth (G) at 30 psu, and then decreased when salinity is above or below this salinity. Both red and green variants of A. japonicus deposited for growth were very low, and the energy loss in faeces and energy for respiration accounted for the majority of assimilation energy. The result clearly showed that the optimum condition for farming green and red variants A. japonicus, both with respect growth and energy allocation, is the salinity scope of 26 ~ 30 psu.  相似文献   

ISO/FDIS 22000饲料安全管理体系危害控制措施OPRP与HACCP计划的设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘鲁蜀  王永  李奉仙  蔡自建  曾昌琴  陈炼红  都葆青  吕宗良 《畜禽业》2006,(4):39-41

以畜禽复合矿物质预混料生产为例基于有效的危害分析,研究了OPRP、HACCP计划的影响因素,阐明了饲料生产企业对饲料安全危害控制措施的目标、具体方法。研究并提出了OPRP和HACCP计划设计与再设计的关键要素,为饲料生产企业有效控制饲料安全危害、建立饲料安全管理体系提供指南。  相似文献   

分隔池塘养殖系统研究进展与发展趋势     

车轩  朱林  刘兴国 《渔业现代化》2019,(4):1-7,23

分隔池塘养殖系统是绿色高效池塘养殖设施研究发展的重点方向之一。提出了分隔池塘养殖系统的定义,阐述了系统设计的原理和国内外发展历程,归纳了标准分隔池塘、简易分隔池塘和流水槽池塘3种国外发展的主要系统模式类型,通过文献收集和实地调研对3种系统模式的研究进展和发展趋势进行了系统的梳理,比较了国内外发展模式的养殖品种、水循环方式、研究概况和产业应用情况,通过进一步讨论分级序批养殖池塘、跑道池养殖池塘2种在国内具备良好发展前景系统模式的优缺点,提出了下一步的研究重点和发展方向,为分隔池塘养殖系统的结构优化和技术提升提供参考。  相似文献   

Studies on the green liver in cultured red sea bream fed low level and non-fish meal diets: Relationship between hepatic taurine and biliverdin levels   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Takanobu Goto  Shusaku Takagi  Toshiaki Ichiki  Tadashi Sakai  Makoto Endo  Terutoyo Yoshida  Masaharu Ukawa  Hisashi Murata 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(1):58-63

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to investigate the cause of green liver in red sea bream fed substitute protein diets. Red sea bream Pagrus major was given either of the following diets for 28 weeks: (1) control diet (50% fish meal), (2) low level fish meal diet (15% fish meal), and (3) non-fish meal diet (0% fish meal). The green liver was observed in all groups tested, but the incidence was much higher in the experimental diet groups. The feeding of substitute protein diets reduced plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. However, there was no significant difference in plasma hepatic enzyme activities and plasma bile salts concentration among the treatments. Fish fed the substitute protein diets showed low hepatic taurine levels with an appearance of a biliverdin in the liver. Moreover, the proportion of ditaurobilirubin to total biliary bile pigments was significantly lower in fish fed the substitute protein diets. These data indicate that feeding of substitute protein diets did not induce any cholestatic hepatobiliary obstructions and that the low hepatic taurine level was one of the probable factors responsible for the occurrence of green liver in red sea bream fed substitute protein diets.  相似文献