Berry and seed production using stored pollen of aSolanum phureja clone     

M. J. De Maine 《Potato Research》1988,31(3):385-387

Summary Pollen of theSolanum phureja clone IVP48 was stored with silica gel desiccant at −15°C for periods ranging from one month to five years. When used to pollinate anotherS. phureja clone there was a significant negative correlation of pollen age with the number of seeds produced per berry. The frequency of berry production and number of seeds per pollination, however, did not show significant negative correlations and berry production varied unpredictably with pollen of different ages. Each year of pollen storage reduced the average number of seeds produced per berry to about 60 per cent of the preceding year's.  相似文献   

Comparison Between a Tetraploid Turnip and Its Diploid Progenitor（Brassica rapa L.）：The Adaptation to Salinity Stress   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MENG Hua-bing  JIANG Si-si  HUA Shui-jin  LIN Xian-yong  LI Yuan-long  GUO Wan-li  JIANG Li-xi 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2011,10(3):363-375

Polyploidy is pursued in plant breeding programs due mainly to its ability to yield larger vegetative or reproductive organs. In controlled growth chamber experiments, a tetraploid turnip (cv. Aijiaohuang, 4n) and its diploid progenitor (cv.Aijiaohuang, 2n) were evaluated for their tolerance to salinity stress via investigations on a group of physiological parameters. The results indicate that the tetraploid turnip exhibit better adaptation to a high concentration salt medium(200 mmol L-1), as evidenced by a less-affected germination rate and a healthier morphological appearance at the seedling stage. Furthermore, an extension of salinity stress up to a certain period of time at the 5-7-leaf stage shows differences between the tetraploid turnip and its diploid progenitor. The former had a higher K+/Na+ ratio in the roots, higher glutathione concentration and antioxidant activities in the leaves, and smaller reductions in photosynthetic capacity in terms of leaf chlorophyll content. Studies on the differences between an autopolyploid and its respective relative, from which the autopolyploid originated, in terms of their tolerance to salinity and/or other abiotic stresses, have remained rather limited. The comparison is interesting due to a homogenous genetic background.  相似文献   

不同倍性甜瓜果实品质比较研究     

黄金艳王红梅  覃斯华李文信 何毅李天艳  洪日新樊学军 李凤梅 《中国农学通报》2011,27(13):238-241

为探讨不同倍性甜瓜果实品质差异,试验以2个二倍体甜瓜品种及其人工诱导的同源四倍体、三倍体为材料,对不同倍性甜瓜成熟果实可溶性糖、中心可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C含量进行比较分析。结果表明,不同倍性甜瓜果实成熟时期可溶性糖、中心可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C含量存在差异,可溶性糖、中心可溶性固形物和可溶性蛋白质含量有同样趋势,为三倍体＞四倍体＞二倍体;维生素C含量为四倍体＞三倍体＞二倍体。  相似文献   

The effect of vaccination,ploidy and smolt production regime on pathological melanin depositions in muscle tissue of Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L     

H A S Larsen  L Austbø  A Nødtvedt  T W K Fraser  E Rimstad  P G Fjelldal  T Hansen  E O Koppang 《Journal of fish diseases》2014,37(4):327-340

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The effect of ploidy and incubation temperature on survival and the prevalence of aplasia of the septum transversum in Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L     

T W K Fraser  M S Fleming  T T Poppe  T Hansen  P G Fjelldal 《Journal of fish diseases》2014,37(3):189-200

Heart deformities are a concern in aquaculture and are linked to egg incubation temperature. Diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., were incubated at 6, 8 and 10 °C and analysed for aplasia of the septum transversum (n = 150 ploidy^?1 incubation temperature^?1). Heart morphology (size and shape) was assessed in fish incubated at 6 °C and in fish with and without aplasia of the septum transversum (n = 9 group^?1) incubated at 10 °C. Egg mortality was significantly higher in triploids than in diploids at all incubation temperatures, and increased egg incubation temperatures increased mortality in both ploidy. Triploids grew quicker than diploids after egg incubation at 10 °C, but not at 6 °C. Aplasia of the septum transversum occurred only in triploid fish after incubation at 6 °C and 8 °C (0.7% and 3.3%, respectively) and was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) in triploids after incubation at 10 °C compared with diploids (30% and 18%, respectively). Aplasia of the septum transversum significantly increased heart mass and resulted in a long flat ventricle compared with fish displaying a septum transversum. The results suggest triploid salmon should be incubated below 8 °C.  相似文献   

不同倍性田埂报春DNA含量和叶绿素荧光特性研究     

孙晓光  张晓曼  王志刚  曹峰  王倩 《中国农学通报》2016,32(4):160-164

研究旨在以田埂报春二倍体及经秋水仙素加倍获得的同源四倍体为材料,比较2种倍性植物叶片DNA含量和叶绿素荧光参数的日变化规律。采用流式细胞测定法和叶绿素荧光技术进行测定,结果显示：（1）四倍体叶片细胞DNA的相对含量为二倍体的2倍。（2）四倍体的叶绿素a、b、总含量及类胡萝卜素含量都高于二倍体。（3）四倍体与二倍体的叶绿素荧光参数PSⅡ的原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、 PSⅡ的潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)和以吸收光能为基础的光合性能指数(PI)值的日变化趋势相似,但四倍体的Fo小于二倍体。叶绿素总含量及类胡萝卜素含量、最大荧光、光化学效率、PSⅡ潜在活性和光性能指数均大于二倍体,田埂报春四倍体植株表现出优良的光合性能。  相似文献   

泥鳅二倍体和四倍体及其正反交F_1的胚胎发育特征观察     

王雨辰  练青平  李倩  刘士力  宓国强  胡廷尖 《贵州农业科学》2016,(1):121-124

为泥鳅多倍体育种及新品种的培育提供参考,在水温为(26±0.5)℃条件下,对泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)二倍体、四倍体及其正反交F1的胚胎发育过程及发育特征进行观察比较。结果表明:二倍体、四倍体、正交F1和反交F1受精卵分别经过26.18h、25.78h、26.52h和26.72h孵化出膜,其发育过程和发育时序基本相同,受精发育经过卵裂前期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期、孵化出膜期等阶段,各发育分期除发育时间不同外,其发育特征和发育分期没有明显差异。二倍体、四倍体初孵仔鱼体长分别为(2.56±0.121)mm和(3.145±0.277)mm,仔鱼形态差别不大;正交F1仔鱼和二倍体仔鱼的形态特征基本相同,反交F1和四倍体仔鱼基本相同。  相似文献   

Animal and forage responses on Maximus,a tetraploid cultivar vs Marshall,a diploid cultivar of annual ryegrass          下载免费PDF全文

J. K. Q. Solomon  B. Macoon  D. J. Lang  R. C. Vann  S. Ward 《Grass and Forage Science》2018,73(2):309-319

This 2‐year grazing study carried out at Raymond, Mississippi, USA, evaluated animal performance and forage characteristics of a tetraploid (“Maximus”) vs a diploid cultivar (“Marshall”) of annual ryegrass at three stocking rates (SR; 3.5, 5.0 or 7.5 animals per ha). Angus cross‐bred heifers (Bos taurus; initial body weight [BW] = 240 kg) were continuously stocked on pastures at set stocking rates for the duration of the study. Stocking rates and cultivars were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial design that was completely randomized with two replications. There was no cultivar effect (p = .449) on average annual herbage mass (HM). However, HM decreased linearly with increasing SR (p = .001) from 3.8 to 2.5 t ha^?1 during Year 1 and 4.4 to 3.8 t ha^?1 during Year 2 (p = .028). In Year 2, there was a difference in water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) between cultivars (p = .012; Marshall, 117.0 vs Maximus, 139.0 g/kg). There was no cultivar effect (p > .10) on average daily gain (ADG) in either year of the study. In both years, ADG decreased linearly with increasing SR (p = .001) from 1.22 to 0.98 kg/d during Year 1 and 1.31 to 1.08 kg/d during Year 2. Across years, gain ha^?1 increased linearly (p < .001) with increasing SR. Our results showed no difference in animal performance and HM between the two cultivars. Producers’ choice of annual ryegrass cultivar should be based on seeding cost and agronomic traits that allow for better adaptation of the forage.  相似文献   

Investigation of anti-salt stress on tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia     

Fanjuan Meng  Qiuyu Wang  Chuanping Yang  Jianxin Liu 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2009,4(2):227-235

Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia was used as a main test material and diploid R. pseudoacacia was used as the control. The indices of shape, physiology and biochemistry, photosynthesis and anatomic structure of the young plants were investigated under salt stress (NaCl and Na₂SO₄). The treatment time was 30 d with an interval time of 7 d. Before and after treatment, the indices were measured. Results show that: 1) the growth of diploid R. pseudoacacia inhibited an evident symptom of salt damage and the leaf moisture content was lower under salt stress than that of control. But the tetraploid R. pseudoacacia was contrary. 2) The relative electric conductivity and proline (Pro) of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia increased slightly and had no significant difference compared with its control, which was contrary to diploid R. pseudoacacia. At the same time, three protective enzymes including perocidase (POD), superoxide (SOD) and catalase (CAT) kept higher activities at a post stage of salt stress to tetraploid R. pseudoacacia, which enhanced its anti-salt characteristics. Diploid R. pseudoacacia was sensitive to salt and had contrary information. 3) Salt stress had little influence to photosynthesis of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia. The net photosynthetic rate (P _n) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) had no significant changes, but those of diploid R. pseudoacacia decreased singificantly. 4) After salt stress, the anatomic structure of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia had a positive reaction, including the palisade parenchyma of diachyma, was prolonged and arranged more tightly. The spongy parenchyma was shrunk and was arranged tightly, which was contrary with diploid R. pseudoacacia. These data demonstrate that tetraploid R. pseudoacacia had superior anti-salt performance. __________ Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(3): 654–663 [译自: 植物生态学报]  相似文献   

中华蜜蜂产生二倍体雄蜂的生物学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余林生  孟祥金  陈宏权 《中国蜂业》2004,55(6):7-9

对中华蜜蜂产生二倍体雄蜂的生物学研究表明,在高度近亲繁殖(兄妹交配的蜂王)条件下,中华蜜蜂产生二倍体雄蜂,二倍体雄蜂的成虫率高于西方蜜蜂和印度蜜蜂,形态特征和生物学特性与单倍体雄蜂存在明显差异。中蜂二倍体雄蜂排精量少,精子密度低,精子总数少,精子活力较差,死精率高。  相似文献