Primary studies on tissue culture from mature embryos in diploid and tetraploid wheat     

Ruiming Bi  Honggang Wang 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2008,2(3):262-265

Using mature embryos (MEs) as the explants, the callus induction, embryogenic callus differentiation, plantlet regeneration and culture efficiency in diploid and tetraploid wheat of four genotypes were studied. The tested four genotypes wheat included cultivable emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schuble), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and the common wheat progenitors Triticum dicoccoides and Triticum aegilopides. Results indicated that there were significant differences in the efficiency of callus induction, callus differentiation and plant regeneration among the tested genotypes. The efficiency of differentiation and regeneration shows strong genotype dependence. The rates of callus induction, embryogenic callus differentiation, plantlet regeneration and culture efficiency respectively were 95.00%, 90.00%, 32.40%, and 27.70% in cultivable emmer wheat, which were significantly higher than other tested genotypes. Therefore, this study has provided a basis for genetic transformation, gene cloning and molecular plant breeding in wheat and other related species. __________ Translated from Molecular Plant Breeding, 2007, 5(4): 480–484 [译自: 分子植物育种]  相似文献   

木薯二倍体及其同源四倍体开花结实特性的比较     

李恒锐  陈会鲜  杨海霞  张秀芬  何文  梁振华  郭素云  刘连军  黎萍  陈海生  严华兵 《热带作物学报》2020,41(8):1582-1588

以木薯品种‘新选048’和‘华南205’的二倍体及其同源四倍体为材料,采用定株观察的方法,比较二倍体及其同源四倍体开花结实特性的差异,探究染色体加倍后对木薯开花结实特性的影响,为开展木薯多倍体材料创制及鉴定提供科学参考。结果表明：2个木薯品种四倍体的开花结实物候期都要迟于二倍体,且四倍体的雌花、雄花、花药、果实、种子的形态大小均大于二倍体;2个木薯品种不同倍性间花药分布情况存在差异,‘新选048’的四倍体会出现两性花且其雌花花被颜色与二倍体存在明显差异;2个木薯品种不同倍性间开花及坐果数量也存在不同程度的差异,其中‘新选048’四倍体的单序总花量和雌、雄花总量显著大于二倍体的,但2个品种在不同倍性间开花及坐果数量的差异中呈现不同的规律。因此,木薯染色体加倍,可延迟开花结实的时间,增加生殖器官的大小,改变花形态特征和雌雄花的数量及花总量,但这种改变具有品种依赖性。  相似文献   

温度对不同规格长牡蛎三倍体和二倍体代谢影响的比较     

周一兵  黄璞祎  李晓艳  杨大佐  张国范 《大连水产学院学报》2006,21(3):226-230

用试验生态学方法研究了温度对不同规格的长牡蛎Crassostrea gigas三倍体(3n)和二倍体(2n)呼吸和排泄的影响。试验设12、18、24、30℃4个温度水平,并根据牡蛎倍性、规格分别设3n-L、3n-M、3n-S、2n-L、2n-M、2n-S 6个组别。结果表明:在12~24℃条件下,牡蛎的耗氧率随着温度的升高而增加,并在24℃时达最大值,之后,耗氧率随温度的升高而降低;3n和2n牡蛎软体部干重(W)与耗氧率(R)的回归关系符合幂函数方程R=aWb-1,3n的a值为1.532~1.737,b值为0.728~0.887,2n的a值为1.197~2.173,b值为0.823~0.854。牡蛎软体部干重(W)与排氨率(N)的关系符合幂函数N=c Wd-1,2n的c平均值为194.992,d平均值为0.669;3n的c平均值为251.746,d平均值为0.611。以体重为协变量进行协方差分析结果表明:温度引起耗氧率和排氨率的差异达到显著水平;倍性效应引起排氨率的差异达到显著水平,且3n的排氨率大于2n,倍性效应引起的耗氧率的差异不显著。  相似文献   

Soft-rot resistance combined with other tuber characters in long day-adaptedSolanum phureja     

M. J. De Maine  A. K. Lees  J. E. Bradshaw 《Potato Research》1998,41(1):69-82

Summary Offspring were produced from a cross between two long-day-adaptedSolanum phureja clones which carried resistance to tuber soft rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica). In tests carried out on the produce of field-grown plants raised from tubers, over fifty per cent of the 173 offspring were found to be highly resistant. Assessments were also carried out of tuber yield, mean tuber weight, tuber number, shape, regularity, flesh colour, texture of the steamed flesh, fry colour, after-cooking blackening, sprout length after storage and overall dormancy. There were statistically significant differences between clones for all characters (P<0.001). Twelve of the clones were selected on the basis of high resistance, yield, tuber weight, regularity of shape and absence of after-cooking blackening. The value of resistant long-day-adapted diploid material for commercial breeding is discussed.  相似文献   

Harvest management based on leaf stage of a tetraploid vs. a diploid cultivar of annual ryegrass          下载免费PDF全文

J. K. Q. Solomon  B. Macoon  D. J. Lang 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(4):743-756

Leaf stage‐dependent defoliation is linked to the plant's physiological status and may be a more suitable criterion than time‐based intervals for harvesting forage grasses, but no reports of research with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. westerwoldicum) were found. To address this, a 2‐year field study was carried out at Raymond, MS, on a Loring silt loam soil (fine‐silty, mixed, thermic Typic Fragiudalfs). Forage production, morphological characteristics and nutritive value responses to defoliation based on leaf stage (2, 3 and 4 leaves per tiller) and two residual stubble heights (RSH; 5 and 10 cm) of a tetraploid (“Maximus”) vs. a diploid (“Marshall”) cultivar of annual ryegrass were quantified. Forage harvested, in 2011, increased linearly as leaf stage increased from 7.3 to 8.8 Mg/ha, but during 2012 was least (7.0 Mg/ha) at 3‐leaf stage and similar at the other two leaf stages (7.6 Mg/ha). Tiller density was less for Maximus (1,191 tillers/m²) than for Marshall (1,383 tillers/m²). Leaf blade proportion decreased with increasing leaf stage and was greater by 9% for Maximus than for Marshall. Generally, forage nutritive value became less desirable with increasing leaf stage. There was a dichotomy in forage harvested and nutritive value responses, but maximum forage productivity was achieved when annual ryegrass was defoliated at the 4‐leaf stage interval.  相似文献   

二倍体月季F_1群体的SSR鉴定与遗传分析     

周宁宁  李淑斌  李远波  蹇洪英  晏慧君  王其刚  陈敏  邱显钦  张颢  唐开学 《园艺学报》2017,44(1):151-160

以中国古老月季品种‘月月粉’(Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’,用OB表示)为母本,‘无刺光叶蔷薇’(Rosa wichuriana‘Basye’s Thornless’,用W表示)为父本,构建F_1代共296个单株。从146对SSR标记中筛选出亲本间多态性好且条带清晰的23对SSR标记,对随机选择的94株F_1进行杂种鉴定和遗传分析。结果表明:筛选到3个纯合显性标记分别为Fv512、Fv609和305,可单独一次性鉴定全部杂种真实性;随机筛选的94株子代均为真杂种;20个SSR标记用于基因型分析,有9个标记出现了偏分离,并在统计上达到显著或极显著水平,偏分离率45%,说明该F_1群体基于SSR位点的基因型偏分离率较高,在进行高密度遗传图谱构建时应重视偏分离标记对作图的影响;UPGMA聚类分析显示,94株F_1的遗传变异大,且遗传多样性丰富,可划分为2个大类7个亚类。  相似文献   

四倍体和二倍体泥鳅及大鳞副泥鳅营养成分分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

印杰  熊传喜  李圣华  张红云  朱勇夫 《水生态学杂志》2008,29(2):67-70

利用常规肌肉营养分析方法测定了四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的肌肉营养成分。结果表明: 四倍体泥鳅、二倍体泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量(鲜重) 分别为18. 68%、18. 69%和18. 20%; 脂肪含量分别为0. 796%、0. 106%和1. 203%; 水分含量分别为79. 81%、79. 52%和78. 40%; 灰分含量分别为0. 951%、11188%和1. 162%。3种泥鳅肌肉中都含有常见的17种氨基酸, 其中包括9种人体必需氨基酸。氨基酸总量(占鲜重)分别为17. 57%、18. 11%和17. 47%; 必需氨基酸总量分别为7. 84%、7. 98% 和7. 76%, 必需氨基酸的构成比例符合FAO /WHO 的标准。鲜味氨基酸含量分别为6. 98%、7. 33%和6. 95%。经比较分析, 四倍体泥鳅和二倍体泥鳅肌肉中蛋白质含量、17种氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量均很接近, 但都明显高于大鳞副泥鳅。  相似文献   

金叶榆二倍体及其同源四倍体的生理特征与转录组差异分析     

宋文龙  葛卉  刘兴菊  梁海永 《河北农业大学学报》2022,45(4):86-92

本文旨在探究金叶榆（Ulmus pumila cv.‘Jinye’）二倍体及其同源四倍体的生理特征和差异基因表达情况,为金叶榆关键调控基因的定位及基因工程育种提供分子基础。试验以金叶榆二倍体及其同源四倍体为材料,比较两者叶绿素相对含量,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、MDA含量,SOD和POD活性等生理指标,并进行转录组测序。结果表明：金叶榆同源四倍体叶片中叶绿素相对含量,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量及SOD、POD活性显著高于二倍体,MDA含量显著低于二倍体。转录组测序共得到1 283个差异表达基因,其中1 078个表达上调,205个表达下调。995个差异表达基因被GO功能注释,与代谢过程、细胞过程、催化活性、结合和转运蛋白活性等密切相关;COG注释结果显示,主要注释在碳水化合物的运输和代谢、次生代谢产物合成和脂质运输和代谢;KEGG通路分析发现,植物激素信号转导通路差异显著性最为明显,其中生长素、油菜素内酯和水杨酸信号转导途径富集基因数最多。参与代谢过程、催化活性和激素信号转导通路等关键基因的差异表达,可能与同源四倍体植株能源物质含量高、酶活提高及生长势和抗逆性增强有关。  相似文献   

二倍体与三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)红细胞及部分血液指标的比较     

韩英  王琨  张澜澜  刘蔓 《淡水渔业》2007,37(6):52-55

对三倍体和二倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的红细胞大小(长、短径值和体积)、形态及部分血液指标(红细胞数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、红细胞脆性和白细胞数)进行了比较。结果表明:三倍体虹鳟红细胞体积与二倍体比值为1.51∶1,细胞核大小与二倍体比值为1.49∶1,与理论值(1.5∶1)比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。二倍体红细胞短径/长径比值为0.63,呈现出椭圆形;三倍体红细胞短径/长径比值为0.60,呈现出明显的长椭圆形,并有19%的红细胞有哑铃形或分裂的细胞核,这可作为区别二倍体鱼类的一个重要鉴定标志。三倍体虹鳟的红细胞数、红细胞压积和红细胞脆性明显小于二倍体(P<0.05),而血红蛋白与白细胞数与二倍体比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

二倍体马铃薯StBRC1a功能缺失突变体的获得及其功能分析     

冯爽爽  罗嘉翼  朱曦鉴  蒋继滨  黄三文  张金喆 《园艺学报》2020,47(1):63-72

为研究二倍体马铃薯TCP转录因子基因StBRC1a的功能，在二倍体马铃薯Solanum tuberosum group phureja S15-65中对StBRC1a进行了克隆，发现StBRC1a有两个不同长度的转录本，分别命名为StBRC1aL与StBRC1aS。序列分析后发现，二者均具有TCP转录因子家族特有的由59个氨基酸组成的非典型碱性—螺旋—环—螺旋（bHLH）结构域及1个R结构域。通过构建系统演化树发现，StBRC1aL和StBRC1aS与番茄的SlBRC1a具有最近的亲缘关系，同属于CYC/TB1类TCP转录因子。组织特异性表达分析的结果表明StBRC1aL与StBRC1aS在腋芽中特异性的高表达。通过CRISPR/Cas9系统构建StBRC1a功能缺失的纯合突变体后发现，与野生型相比突变体植株表现为分枝显著增多的表型，说明StBRC1a对于二倍体马铃薯的分枝具有抑制作用。  相似文献