棉花半配合材料VSg在遗传育种中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张海洋  潘家驹  张天真 《西北农业学报》1995,4(2):17-21

以VSg作母本与其它材料杂交可以培育父性单倍体,但不同材料作父本与VSg杂文F₁所产生的父姓单倍体的比率不同.以海岛棉或海岛棉品种间杂交F₁作父本时较高(2.5%),海陆种间杂交F₁作父本时次之(1.3%),陆地棉或陆地棉品种间杂交F₁作父本时较低(0.7%).用秋水仙素水溶液处理父性单倍体植株后获得13个加倍单倍体株系.以VSg单倍体植株作母本与正常异源四倍体棉花杂交可以获得非整倍体.  相似文献   

牛体外受精时老化卵对受精率与染色体异常发生的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

朱淑文  吉泽绿  李培昌  村松晋 《中国兽医学报》2001,21(4):399-402

通过延长体外培养时间得到牛老化卵，对其体外受精率与染色体的异常发生进行了研究，体外受精48h后的受精率，46h培养组与22h和34h培养组之间差异显著（P＜0．05），随着老化时间的延长，受精率及胚胎发育速度明显降低。染色体分析结果表明，46h组的受精卵的染色体异常发生率为61．6％，22h组44．6％，2组之间差异显著（P＜0．05），单倍体（n=31)的发生率也随着老化时间的延长而增加，这些单倍体的性染色体的构成表明，含有X－性染色体的胚的出现率显著高于含有Y－染色体的胚的出现率（P＜0．05）。单倍体的发生是由卵的老化而引起单一配子的孤雌发生，体外培养时间的延长对正常的2倍体的性别无明显影响。  相似文献   

Comparison of Anther Culture and Hordeum bulbosum Method for the Production of Doubled Haploid in Winter Barley I. Production of Green Plants     

P. Devaux 《Plant Breeding》1987,98(3):215-219

The relative response to two-major techniques of producing haploids in barley – anther culture and the Hordeum bulbosyum method – were compared using seven F₁ hybrids from a winter barley breeding programme. Both techniques were Applied to the same plants with the same number of replications. 358 viable green plants were obtained from 420 spikes ot donor plants used: 147 through anther culture and 211 through the H. bulbosum method. From the data analysis we found that the response to the two techniques was not significantly different, genotype effect and genotype × technique interaction were highly significant. The possibility of combining the two techniques in a doubled haploid production programme is discussed.  相似文献   

An Evaluation of Hordeum vulgare L. ×Psathyrostachys fragilis (Boiss.) Nevski Crosses for Doubled Haploid Barley Production     

R. A. Pickering 《Plant Breeding》1987,99(3):177-180

Investigations were carried out to assess the suitability of the intergeneric cross Hordeum vulgare×Psathyrostachys fragilis for haploid barley production. H. vulgare cvs. ‘Emir’ and ‘Vada’ were each pollinated with P. fragilis P.I. 343192 and plants regenerated from embryos cultured on a modified B5 medium. Seed sets on ‘Vada’ were significantly lower than on ‘Emir’, and all the planes from ‘Vada’×P. fragile remained hybrid. Several of these flowered but there was little pairing between the parental chromosomes. Most of the plants from ‘Emir’×P. fragilis died, as seedlings but 3 plants developed into haploid barley. Because of the practical limitations of pollen availability from P. fragilis and the inconsistencies in haploid plant formation, it is unlikely that the cross will prove as valuable as that between H. vulgare×H. bulbosum for a doubled haploid barley programme.  相似文献   

Comparison of Anther Culture and the Hordeum bulbosum Method for the Production of Doubled Haploids in Winter Barley     

P. Devaux 《Plant Breeding》1988,100(3):181-187

The comparison, between the efficiency of anther culture and the Hordeum bulbosum method in barley was extended to the chromosome number distributions of all planes derived from the two techniques and the proportions of fertile doubled haploid plants which survived until maturity. The frequencies of haploid and spontaneously doubled haploid plants which were useful for practical breeding purposes were found to be around 90 % for both techniques. The remainder consisted of polyploid, mixoploid and aneuploid variants in the case of microspore-derived plants and diploid interspecific hybrids in the progeny of the H. bulbosum method. The ploidy level distributions of the microspore- and H. bulbosum-derived plants appeared to be independent of the genotype of the donor. There were no significant differences between techniques regarding the proportions, of plants which survived a severe winter and the production of fertile doubled haploid plants. Both techniques can therefore complement each other in a breeding programme and their relative merits are discussed. Possible ways of improving doubled haploid production in barley are suggested for increasing its use in breeding schemes.  相似文献   

草莓‘甜查理’和‘章姬’花药培养及单倍体植株的获得   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

赵永钦  吴新新  郑禾  路河  郭仰东 《中国农业大学学报》2012,17(5):39-45

为筛选草莓花药培养及单倍体植株最适宜的培养条件,以草莓栽培品种‘甜查理’和‘章姬’为材料,研究不同预处理方式、花序以及激素种类和配比对草莓花药愈伤组织诱导和分化效率的影响。结果表明:在4℃低温预处理过程中,始终保持花蕾表面湿润状态较自然状态下更能提高草莓花药愈伤的诱导率,最佳处理时间为72h;北京地区越冬栽培的草莓第1、2花序的花药较第3、4花序花药具有更好的培养效果;筛选出最佳愈伤诱导培养基,其中‘甜查理’愈伤诱导效率最高达到91.67%,‘章姬’为87.28%;筛选出最佳分化培养基,其中‘甜查理’最高分化率达到19.10%,‘章姬’为10.59%。共获得花药培养植株688株,其中‘甜查理’445株,‘章姬’243株。‘甜查理’再生植株中八倍体(2n=8x=56)、四倍体(2n=4x=28)植株所占百分比分别为90.43%和7.62%,其他为非整倍体植株。‘章姬’再生植株中八倍体和四倍体植株所占百分比分别为93.42%和4.32%,其他为非整倍体植株。建立了草莓花药培养高频诱导体系并获得了单倍体植株。  相似文献   

玉米单倍体诱导系诱导双生苗的观察     

黎亮  董昕  徐小炜  刘丽威  刘晨旭  陈绍江 《中国农业大学学报》2012,17(5):1-6

以不同玉米杂交种与单倍体诱导系为材料,对从杂交种中诱导双生苗的情况进行了观察。结果表明,在农大108、高油5598、郑单958与CAUHOI-1的杂交当代籽粒中,双生苗的平均频率为0.15%,显著低于单倍体的平均诱导频率3.38%,而在自交籽粒中没有发现双生苗。利用45个双列杂交组合为母本分别与两个诱导率不同的诱导系(CAUHOI01和CAU79)进一步杂交,在杂交籽粒中发现26对双生苗,其中有23对来自于CAUHOI-1的杂交后代。本研究结果表明双生苗诱导与单倍体诱导一样,不仅与诱导系有关,在一定程度上也受母本基因型影响,而二者诱导能力表现趋势不一致。对双生苗类型的观察结果表明,双生苗主要为二倍体-二倍体类型,少数为单倍体-单倍体类型,没有发现单倍体-二倍体类型。SSR分析表明每个双生苗两个体间基因型一致,但部分双生单苗田间生长存在着差异。双生苗的发生与单倍体诱导机理的关系有待于进一步研究。  相似文献   

茄子新品种海丰长茄1 号的选育     

张树根  惠志明  王振泉  邢永萍  张军民  蒋钟仁  李春玲 《中国蔬菜》2014,1(12):45

海丰长茄1 号是以双单倍体（DH）株系02-QP-19 为母本，优良自交系A-40 为父本配制而成的长茄一代杂种。平
均始花节位为第9 节，植株生长势强，叶片绿色，叶脉、叶柄和主茎的颜色为紫色，植株半开张类型。果实平均纵径31.5
cm，横径4.5 cm，果皮紫黑色，有光泽，果实顶部尖，平均单果质量220 g，VC 和VP 的含量分别为23.2 mg·kg^-1 和0.035%。
一般每667 m² 产量5 000 kg 左右。适宜北京、吉林和黑龙江等地区露地种植。  相似文献   

甘蓝型油菜DH群体抗倒伏相关性状遗传分析     

黄文辉  王会  蔡鑫  汪文祥  付丽  胡琼  成洪涛  梅德圣 《中国油料作物学报》2018,40(1):18

为明确油菜抗倒伏性的遗传规律，本文利用抗倒伏性差异显著的2个甘蓝型油菜品系配制杂交组合，构建含280个株系的DH群体，采用作物茎秆强度抗倒测量仪等考种工具对该群体进行连续两年的抗倒伏性鉴定，并利用植物数量性状的主基因 + 多基因混合遗传模型及偏度和峰度分析对抗倒伏性进行遗传分析。结果表明，茎秆抗折力和茎秆抗折强度都受到0对主基因 + 9对微效多基因控制，茎秆抗折力和单株生物量的基因间无互作，茎秆抗折强度的基因间有互补作用，茎秆抗折力和茎秆抗折强度两年的平均遗传率在50%左右，而茎秆直径两年的平均遗传率为69.338 %，单株生物量两年的遗传率分别为52.198%和69.284%，遗传率都较低，性状受环境影响都较大，因此对于茎秆抗折力、茎秆抗折强度、茎秆直径和单株生物量，在育种选择的早期阶段都不宜太严格。同时茎秆抗折强度相比茎秆抗折力更能说明作物的抗倒伏能力，因而在抗倒伏选择育种时应更加关注。  相似文献   

一个辣椒杂交种的加倍单倍体（DH）群体果实性状的遗传分析   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

张树根  蒋钟仁  邢永萍  李春玲 《园艺学报》2008,35(4):515-520

 以一个牛角椒组合（‘97403’ב97410’ 杂交而成）作为供体,通过花药培养技术构建了103个加倍单倍体(DH)系组成的DH群体,再以此DH群体为试验材料,对该群体果实性状进行遗传分析。结果表明：果实横径、果肉厚、果形指数、单果质量、果实纵径等5个性状的遗传力分别是 82.3%、80.8%、80.5%、75.7%、70.9%,最少基因对数分别为20.6、8.4、6.1、33.9、10.0。估算各性状的偏度和峰度系数,分析影响各性状的基因作用方式,结果表明：影响单果质量和果实横径的多基因间存在互补作用,控制果肉厚的多基因间可能存在互补,果实纵径、果形指数各自的基因间无互作关系。  相似文献