Predictive models of weed population dynamics     

R P FRECKLETON  & P A STEPHENS† 《Weed Research》2009,49(3):225-232

Many of the challenges faced by weed ecologists can be met only by the capability to predict the responses of weed populations to changes in their environment or management. In spite of this, a review of papers published in Weed Research suggests that weed ecologists are remarkably reluctant to produce detailed, quantitative predictions. This may result from uncertainty in the accuracy of predictions and indeed, a variety of reasons have been put forward to suggest that the potential utility of weed models may be limited in this regard. In this study, we review the applications to which weed models have been put. Focusing on predictive population modelling, we highlight several limitations that can lead to failures of this approach and we discuss the likely prospects for weed population modelling. We make three points regarding the future of weed modelling. First, owing to prohibitive data requirements, the development of highly mechanistic models that attempt to make detailed predictions of weed population numbers is unlikely to be very successful. Second, data collection for developing weed models needs to be rethought. Weed models are most commonly compromised by a lack of spatial and temporal replication, preventing modellers from measuring parameter variability and error effectively and limiting assessments of model uncertainty. Finally, the utility of models needs to be better appreciated; models are key tools in making long range predictions of how management will affect weed populations, but, we estimate, they are used in only a small fraction of studies. Without the further development of models for weed population dynamics, our ability to predict long-term dynamics will be restricted.  相似文献   

丘陵红壤橘园不同地面管理措施的经济生态效益研究     

水建国王求真  廖根清区越富 Jean-louis ALLARD 《水土保持学报》2005,19(5):56-60

在丘陵红壤橘园上．经过3年6种地面管理措施的经济生态效益研究。结果表明：（1）水土流失，以清耕法作对照，生草法、克无踪、草甘膦、草草克、克克草的地表径流量可显著减少分别为38．8％．42．5％．18，7％，28．7％和37．5％；土壤侵蚀量可显著减少分别为55．5‰，51．7％．39．9％．46．8％和50．0％；流失的氮磷钾养分总量可分别减少60．3％．50．2％，37．0％．41．8％和45．4％。（2）杂草再生率，以生草法做对照，则处理中的清耕法、克无踪、草甘膦、草草克和克克草分别是生草法的55．1%．67．2％．30．3％．36．8％和51．2％。（3）土壤肥力，以土壤OM，N,P2O3,K2O总量增减率看，清耕法为-4．4%,生草法7．1％，克无踪6．9％，草甘膦5．3％．克克草6．2％．草草克6．6％。（4）柑橘的产量和品质，以清耕法作对照，除生草法外，克无踪、草甘膦、草草克、克克草均增产7％～10％；可溶性固形物、总糖量、总酸度、糖酸比以及单果重均达到显著差异水平。克无踪调控杂草效果显著．可作为丘陵红壤丘陵园地水保与培肥兼得的有效地面管理措施。  相似文献   

联吡啶类除草剂的作用机制及环境行为     

彭娟莹  杨仁斌 《农业环境科学学报》2006,25(Z1):435-437

介绍了以敌草快、百草枯为代表的联吡啶类除草剂的主要作用机制和选择机理,对该类农药在环境中的行为进行了归纳和探讨,指出该类除草剂对气候条件的影响并不特别敏感,挥发性亦不强,而与土壤的结合能力较强。展望了对其作用机制和环境行为的研究将进一步深入的前景。  相似文献   

4种除草剂对紫花苜蓿-根瘤菌共生固氮的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

王利平  王金信  孙艾蕊  鲁梅  刘淑华 《农业环境科学学报》2006,25(Z1):114-117

在室内条件下,研究了乙羧氟草醚、三氟羧草醚、乙草胺和异丙甲草胺等4种除草剂对紫花苜蓿-根瘤菌共生固氮的影响。结果表明:4种除草剂均能对紫花苜蓿-根瘤菌共生固氮产生一定的抑制作用,其中以乙羧氟草醚的抑制作用最强,在高剂量下鲜重抑制率和干重抑制率分别为68.5%,70.6%,与对照植株的结瘤率和总含氮量92%和2.620%相比,其结瘤率和总含氮量为31%和0.072%;异丙甲草胺的抑制作用最弱,高剂量下鲜重抑制率和干重抑制率分别为18.5%和26.8%,与对照植株的结瘤率和总含氮量94%和2.136%相比,其结瘤率和总含氮量为60%及0.482%;紫花苜蓿经四种除草剂不同剂量处理后,总含氮量远远低于对照植株的总含氮量。  相似文献   

磺酰脲类除草剂的降解机制及代谢产物的研究进展   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

邹月利  陶波 《农药科学与管理》2011,32(10):24-31

磺酰脲类除草剂是一类高效,低毒和高选择性的除草剂,该类除草剂能有效防除阔叶杂草,其中有些品种对禾本科杂草也有一定的抑制作用。但同时因其用量低、对哺乳动物低毒以及独特的除草活性等特点而得到广泛应用。因此,了解磺酰脲类除草剂在土壤中的环境行为及归趋对于其科学合理使用、防止作物药害和保护农业生态环境具有非常重要的意义。根据笔者对磺酰脲类除草剂的深入研究,并总结归纳国内外的相关文献报道,对磺酰脲类除草剂的降解机制及其代谢产物的研究进行了综述,最后展望了磺酰脲类除草剂未来的发展趋势。  相似文献   

7种除草剂对红麻田杂草的防除效果和安全性     

陈常理  金关荣  骆霞虹  朱关林  刘东华 《杂草科学》2011,29(2):69-71

通过对7种不同除草剂防除红麻福红991田杂草的筛选试验,结果表明,敌草胺、乙草胺、精异丙草胺等7种除草剂对红麻田杂草株防效和鲜重防效差异均不显著,对杂草株防效达到78%~98%,对杂草鲜重防效达到77%~98%。48%氟乐灵EC对福红991的安全性最好,福红991植株鲜重达到3.35 kg/m2。  相似文献   

乙氧氟草醚、乙草胺和盖草能在苗圃中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李建荣 《浙江林学院学报》2003,20(4):434-437

为了探讨乙氧氟草醚、乙草胺和盖草能在森林苗圃中的应用效果,进行马尾松Pinusmassoniana、火力楠Micheliamacclurei和乳源木莲Manglietiayuyuanensis苗圃化学除草正交试验。试验结果表明,乙氧氟草醚和乙草胺在苗圃播种后芽前期使用和苗期使用乙氧氟草醚、乙草胺和盖草能除草率达90%以上,持效期45～63d,同时对种子发芽出苗和苗木生长安全。采用20%乙氧氟草醚、90%乙草胺和10 8%盖草能,使用剂量为0 105mL·m-2进行化学除草,比人工除草减少除草用工59 1%～66 7%,降低除草成本46 8%～62 9%。表3参4  相似文献   

亚麻化学除草技术应用研究     

何建群  杨学芬 《中国麻业》2005,27(2):70-73

在调查出宾川县亚麻田杂草种类，分析出亚麻田杂草发生规律的基础上，研究出亚麻化学除草的药剂和配方以及相应的施用技术。3年累计示范推广亚麻化学除草5701．7hm^2，节约生产费用846．5万元，新增总产值836．1万元，新增纯收益797．1万元，科技投资收益率1：20．44，经济效益非常显著。  相似文献   

长残效除草剂对农业生产的影响及控制对策     

黄立功  姜晓莹  闫德强 《大豆科技》2008,(1):14-16

阐述了对海伦市农业生产影响较大的长残效除草剂品种及使用现状、长残效除草剂使用造成直接、间接损失及隐性减产程度的评估，并提出了控制长残效除草剂使用的措施与对策。  相似文献   

Erhaltung der Ertragsfähigkeit des Bodens auf lange Sicht unter dem Einfluß von Fruchtfolgegestaltung, Düngung und Herbizideinsatz     

W. G. Sturny    P. Weisskopf    E. R. Keller  F. Schwendimann 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1989,162(4):268-282

Impact of crop rotation, fertilizer treatments and herbicidal applications on the long term maintenance of soil fertility
V. Comparative studies regarding chemical and physical factors of the yield potential of a soil over a ten year experimental period
In order to examine the influence of different crop management practices such as crop rotation, fertilizer treatments and herbicide applications on the yield potential of a soil, the Crop Science Department of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) conducted a long term field experiment commencing 1973. The experimental location was at the Swiss Federal Research Station for Farm Management and Agricultural Engeneering at Tanikon/TG (northeastern Switzerland).
After the ten year period, chemical and physical soil properties were not found to be substantially affected by the various experimental treatments. Organic carbon and total nitrogen were more influenced by fertilizer treatments than by crop rotation and herbicide applications. Both cation exchange capacity and pH proved to be fairly stable values.
Aggregate stability and organic matter exhibited similar profiles, although soil bulk density was affected by crop rotation. The volume of large and medium sized pores was similarly affected in that the corn-dominated crop rotation resulted in a quantifiable impact upon soil compaction.
Depending upon weed control efficiency, the grain yields of the winter wheat test crop clearly exhibited the effects of crop rotation whereas the lowest yields resulted from the corn-dominated crop rotation.  相似文献