Multifunctionalised benzoxazinones in the systems Oryza sativa–Echinochloa crus‐galli and Triticum aestivum–Avena fatua as natural‐product‐based herbicide leads     

Francisco A Macías  Nuria Chinchilla  Elena Arroyo  Rosa M Varela  José MG Molinillo  David Marín 《Pest management science》2010,66(10):1137-1147

BACKGROUND: Fifteen novel derivatives of D‐DIBOA, including aromatic ring modifications and the addition of side chains in positions C‐2 and N‐4, had previously been synthesised and their phytotoxicity on standard target species (STS) evaluated. This strategy combined steric, electronic, solubility and lipophilicity requirements to achieve the maximum phytotoxic activity. An evaluation of the bioactivity of these compounds on the systems Oryza sativa–Echinochloa crus‐galli and Triticum aestivum–Avena fatua is reported here. RESULTS: All compounds showed inhibition profiles on the two species Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv. and Avena fatua L. The most marked effects were caused by 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA, 6F‐4Val‐D‐DIBOA, 6Cl‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA and 6Cl‐4Val‐D‐DIBOA. The IC₅₀ values for the systems Echinochloa crus‐galli–Oryza sativa and Avena fatua–Triticum aestivum for all compounds were compared. The compound that showed the greatest selectivity for the system Echinochloa crus‐galli–Oryza sativa was 8Cl‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA, which was 15 times more selective than the commercial herbicide propanil (Cotanil‐35). With regard to the system Avena fatua–Triticum aestivum, the compounds that showed the highest selectivities were 8Cl‐4Val‐D‐DIBOA and 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA. The results obtained for 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA are of great interest because of the high phytotoxicity to Avena fatua (IC₅₀ = 6 µM , r² = 0.9616). CONCLUSION: The in vitro phytotoxicity profiles and selectivities shown by the compounds described here make them candidates for higher‐level studies. 8Cl‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA for the system Echinochloa crus‐galli‐Oryza sativa and 6F‐4Pr‐D‐DIBOA for Avena fatua‐Triticum aestivum were the most interesting compounds. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

高效液相色谱法同时检测稻田样品中5种除草剂的残留量     

吴亮  龚道新  张小东  聂红英  杨丽华 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,42(3):322-327

建立一种高效液相色谱法同时检测稻田土壤、稻田水和糙米中二甲四氯、2,4,5–T、高效氟吡甲禾灵、精吡氟禾草灵和精喹禾灵5种除草剂残留的方法。土壤样品用0.05%磷酸溶液和乙腈混合液(体积比为1∶2)提取,水样品用乙酸乙酯萃取,糙米样品用0.04 mol/L Na OH提取,用弗罗里硅土柱净化。采用带紫外检测器的高效液相色谱仪测定,以乙腈与水为流动相梯度洗脱,在紫外波长229 nm下检测,用外标法定量。结果表明,5种除草剂在质量浓度0.05~5.00 mg/L的线性关系良好,相关系数(R)达0.999 7~0.999 9;土壤和糙米中添加水平为0.05~1.00 mg/kg时,5种除草剂的平均回收率为78.8%~107.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD≤7.5,n=5)为1.1%~9.2%;当水中添加水平为0.01~0.50 mg/L时,平均回收率为86.2%~109.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD≤6.5,n=5)为1.2%~6.5%。5种除草剂的检出限为0.01~0.02 mg/kg。方法在土壤、糙米和水样中的定量限分别为0.05、0.05 mg/kg和0.01mg/L。该方法的前处理过程简单,且准确度、精密度和灵敏度均符合农药残留分析的技术要求。  相似文献   

The increasing importance of herbicides in worldwide crop production     

Leonard P Gianessi 《Pest management science》2013,69(10):1099-1105

Herbicide use is increasingly being adopted around the world. Many developing countries (India, China, Bangladesh) are facing shortages of workers to hand weed fields as millions of people move from rural to urban areas. In these countries, herbicides are far cheaper and more readily available than labor for hand weeding. History shows that in industrializing countries in the past, including the United States, Germany, Japan and South Korea, the same phenomenon has occurred—as workers have left agriculture, herbicides have been adopted. It is inevitable that herbicide use will increase in sub‐Saharan Africa, not only because millions of people are leaving rural areas, creating shortages of hand weeders, but also because of the need to increase crop yields. Hand weeding has never been a very efficient method of weed control—often performed too late and not frequently enough. Uncontrolled weeds have been a major cause of low crop yields in sub‐Saharan Africa for a long time. In many parts of the world, herbicides are being increasingly used to replace tillage in order to improve environmental conditions. In comparison with tillage, herbicide use reduces erosion, fuel use, greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient run‐off and conserves water. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

4％烟嘧磺隆悬浮剂不同施用量对玉米田杂草的药效药害试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卜俊周  岳海旺  陈淑萍  彭海成  谢俊良 《河北农业科学》2013,(1):48-49,94

针对玉米常用的苗后除草剂4％烟嘧磺隆悬浮剂,以河北省衡水地区大田生产上常用的夏玉米品种郑单958为试材,在玉米5叶期（此时杂草基本出齐）采用不同施药量（1050、1500和1950 mL/hm2）进行喷施,分别以喷施清水和人工除草为对照,分析不同施药量对杂草防除效果以及玉米安全性和产量的影响,以确定最佳施药量。结果表明：在玉米5叶期用4％烟嘧磺隆悬浮剂进行除草,适宜用量为1500 mL/hm2,不仅对各种杂草防治效果好,而且对玉米不产生药害,玉米产量高。  相似文献   

转基因青蒿与其野生型的生长和抗逆性比较     

刘华  蒋玲曦  王金斌  谭芙蓉  吴潇  朱宏  赵凯  唐克轩  唐雪明 《核农学报》2011,25(2):253-258

在环境释放条件下,比较了转基因青蒿及其野生型受体的基本农艺性状、抗逆性及耐常用除草剂等特性.在旱、盐胁迫下,通过测定3种转基因品系和其野生型受体的叶片相对含水量、过氧化物酶及脯氨酸等生理指标,比较了转基因青蒿和野生型的耐受性.结果显示,转基因青蒿品系ANF176、GFH13的株高、茎粗显著低于其野生型受体,转基因青蒿品...  相似文献   

防除滩涂米草入侵的根际缓释方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

胡宏友  董克钻  林光辉  谢婉滢 《农业工程学报》2011,27(7):283-287

为防除滨海滩涂互花米草入侵,探讨根际土壤缓释除草剂的新方法。该研究采用扩散法研究了蛭石、PE膜和合成壳聚糖膜3种缓释材料的根际缓释除草剂的性能,同时,采用根部浸泡试验验证根际施药防除互花米草的效果。结果表明,3种缓释材料的缓释性能差异显著,蛭石对草甘膦控释能力较弱,初始释放农药量最大,释放迅速,适合淤泥质潮滩;PE膜则表现出较强的控释能力,释放量较小,但整个过程释放量较稳定,适合沙质和近根际水体;壳聚糖膜介于两者之间。根部浸泡试验表明,0.25～1.00 g/L草甘膦、0.09～0.23 g/L百草枯、0.28～2.30 g/L草铵膦根部浸泡2～6 d即可显现毒杀互花米草效果,通过饱和土壤一维溶质渗滤模型计算,在点源释放模式下,除草际根部释放点间有效除草间距为50～60 cm。研究证明了根际缓释除草剂防除互花米草具有可行性。  相似文献   

稻田除草剂对固氮蓝藻的毒性研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王秀红  沈健英  陆贻通 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2004,22(4):400-405

通过4种稻田除草剂对固氮鱼腥藻(AnabaenaazoticaLey)、球胞鱼腥藻(AnabaenasphaericaBorn)、多变鱼腥藻(AnabaenavariabilioKutzing)的毒性进行了研究。结果表明,二甲四氯对3种藻的生长有促进作用,而丁草胺和乙草胺在低浓度(8mg·L-1以下)表现为促进,当浓度为16mg·L-1时,则显著抑制其生长,且高浓度时对3种藻产生较强毒性,处理96h时的EC50值分别为12.87、25.36、20.21mg·L-1及50.52、18.37、45.43mg·L-1。3种藻对扑草净极为敏感,在低浓度时其生长受到严重抑制,继而迅速死亡。因此选择对固氮蓝藻安全的稻田除草剂,对维护稻田生态、促进农业可持续发展具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Chlorophyll meter as a tool for forecasting wheat nitrogen requirements after application of herbicides     

Hani Saber Saudy 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(8):1077-1090

Because limited information is available about the validated use of a chlorophyll meter for predicting nitrogen requirements for optimum growth and yield of wheat after application of herbicides, field experiments were carried out in the winter seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 under different weed and N fertilization treatments. Five weeded treatments, application of herbicides 25 days after sowing (DAS), hand pulling once at 55 DAS and a weedy check were combined with four N application rates. Weeds were completely absent in the non-fertilized plots, either with metribuzin or hand pulling as well as in isoproturon-treated plots fertilized with 190 or 285 kg N ha^?1. The grain yield was similar in the treatments of isoproturon × 190 kg N ha^?1, isoproturon + diflufenican × conditional N treatment (113.9) or 190 kg N ha^?1, hand pulling × conditional N treatment (104.8) or 285 kg N ha^?1 and metribuzin × 190 kg N ha^?1. Under weeded practices, conditional N treatment recorded the maximum nitrogen use efficiency and almost equaled the grain protein content of the 190 kg N ha^?1 application rate. N application based on SPAD readings saved about 40.0% and 44.8% N with isoproturon + diflufenican or hand pulling, respectively, compared to the recommended rate (190 kg N ha^?1) without noticeable yield loss.  相似文献   

玉米对磺酰脲类除草剂敏感性及土壤残留的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王敏强  李远想 《玉米科学》2006,14(2):078-80

采用室内模拟添加法、盆栽法和土壤残留动态试验法,分别研究了不同玉米品种对磺酰脲类除草剂的敏感性、磺酰脲类除草剂对敏感玉米品种苗期影响和磺酰脲类除草剂在土壤中的残留期。结果表明:供试玉米品种对磺酰脲类除草剂存在不同程度的敏感性差异,该类除草剂ED50以上浓度对玉米苗期的根长、株高、叶面积有明显的影响。同时,3种磺酰脲类除草剂苯磺隆、噻磺隆和苄嘧磺隆在土壤中的残留期分别为69、79和150d,并且存在着一定的差异。  相似文献   

福建地区直播稻田禾本科杂草防控药剂及其使用浓度筛选     

陈峰  王俊  吴玮  胡进锋  王长方 《福建农业学报》2015,(2)

为有效控制福建地区直播稻田禾本科杂草的危害,以莆田市仙游县游洋乡的水稻种植基地为试验点,选择测定1%噁嗪草酮悬浮剂、10%双草醚悬浮剂和20%氰氟草酯油悬浮剂等3种除草剂对稗草、千金子等禾本科杂草的防治效果,筛选确定最佳除草剂及其理想的田间使用浓度。结果表明:20%氰氟草酯油悬浮剂是防治直播稻田中稗草、千金子等禾本科杂草最佳的除草剂,田间推荐使用浓度为45~105g·hm-2(有效成分)兑水675L·hm-2,药后30d防治效果达均可80.00%以上,无药害产生,对水稻安全。  相似文献