基于高通量GBS-SNP标记的栽培燕麦六倍体起源研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周萍萍  颜红海  彭远英 《作物学报》2019,45(10):1604-1612

栽培六倍体燕麦是世界重要粮食作物,理清其起源对燕麦种质资源的高效利用和保护具有重要意义。本研究利用GBS (genotyping by sequencing)对27份来自中国的大粒裸燕麦材料测序,结合先前发表的包括6个六倍体燕麦种在内的66份燕麦材料的GBS数据进行SNP挖掘。UNEAK管道挖掘共计得到MAF大于0.5, call rate大于0.95的SNP标记8902个。进一步剔除缺失值大于0.15的4个燕麦材料后,对其余89份材料进行PCA分析、STRUCTURE分析以及UPGMA聚类分析。结果表明,在野生种中,除A. sterilis外,大多数来自同一物种的材料聚为一类,不同物种间能够较好地分开,表明这些物种之间存在较强的遗传分化。聚类分析将供试材料分为分别代表野生种和栽培种的2支,表明野生种和栽培种之间存在明显的遗传差异;在栽培种中, A. sativa与A. byzantina具有较高的遗传多样性,分散在不同的类群中,二者未出现明显的遗传分化,具有较高的遗传同质性, A. sativa ssp. nuda与A. sativa亲缘关系较近,但存在一定的遗传分化,因此形成独立的类群。值得注意的是,来自野生种A. sterilis的材料被分在2个类群中,其中来自西南亚地区(伊朗-伊拉克-土耳其地区)的居群与A. sativa和A. byzantina聚在一起,揭示此地区的A. sterilis居群可能是A. sativa和A. byzantina的祖先种。野生种A. hybrida显示出与A. fatua较高的遗传同质性,因此将其作为A. fatua的亚种较为合理。本研究为栽培六倍体燕麦起源提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

咖啡小粒种六倍体和中小粒杂种四倍体胚乳的组织培养     

叶一枝  陈春满  凌绪柏 《热带作物学报》2004,25(4):13-17

进行了利用咖啡胚乳离体培养技术培育六倍体咖啡胚乳植株及四倍体中小粒种咖啡种间杂种的研究。结果表明:将小粒种咖啡自花授粉所得六倍性胚乳及以中粒种咖啡为母本、小粒种咖啡为父本进行杂交所获得的四倍性种间杂种胚乳,分别在附加有6-BA1~2mg/L和NAA2mg/L的改良MS培养基上培养,能诱导出有效的愈伤组织;在附加有6-BA或KT0.5mg/L,NAA0.1mg/L的改良MS培养基上,愈伤组织能分化出各种类型的胚状体;在附加有NAA或IBA0.5mg/L及2g/L活性炭的1/2MS培养基上,胚状体可被诱导生根而再生完整的六倍体咖啡胚乳植株和四倍体种间杂种咖啡胚乳植株。   相似文献   

六倍体小黑麦株高形成中内源激素含量的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

殷稳娜  孔广超  王雪玉  高静涛  何萱 《麦类作物学报》2011,31(5):953-958

为了解六倍体小黑麦株高形成与内源激素的关系,以六个不同株高的六倍体小黑麦品种（系）为材料,对小黑麦在株高形成时期叶片中内源激素含量的动态变化进行了分析。结果表明,矮秆小黑麦品种的ABA、ZR和GA含量在所调查时期均显著高于高秆品种,而IAA含量在生长后期则显著低于高秆品种。同时高秆小黑麦中IAA/ABA、GA/ABA与（IAA＋GA）/ABA的比值均高于矮秆小黑麦,但ZR/IAA、ZR/ABA比值的变化趋势则与IAA、GA含量的变化趋势相反。可见不同株高类型的小黑麦在株高形成过程中内源激素具有显著差异。  相似文献   

Effect of tillage and crop on arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization of winter wheat and triticale under Mediterranean conditions     

I. Brito  M. J. Goss  M. De Carvalho 《Soil Use and Management》2012,28(2):202-208

Large‐scale inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is generally impractical in most regions and we have little understanding of the factors that determine inoculation success. Nevertheless, the ability to take full advantage of indigenous AMF for sustainable production needs to be developed within cropping systems. We used part of a long‐term field experiment to understand the influence of tillage and the preceding crop on AMF colonization over the growing season. Arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization rate was more affected by treatment (tillage or the combination of crop and preceding crop) than by the total number of AMF spores in the soil. Conventional tillage (CT) had a statistically significant negative effect (P ≤ 0.05) on spore numbers isolated from the soil, but only in the first year of study. However, the AMF colonization rate was significantly reduced by CT, and the roots of wheat, Triticum aestivum, L, cv. Coa after sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., were less well colonized than were those of triticale, X Triticosecale Wittmack, cv. Alter after wheat, but the affect of tillage was more pronounced than was the effect of crop combination. Under no‐till there was a significant increase in AMF colonization rate throughout the sampling period in both wheat and triticale, indicating that the extraradical mycelium previously produced acted as a source of inoculum. In general, triticale showed greater AMF colonization than wheat, despite the preceding crop being less mycotrophic. Under these experimental conditions, typical of Mediterranean agricultural systems, AMF colonization responded more strongly to tillage practices than to the combination of crop and preceding crop.  相似文献   

高寒地区小黑麦在断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内动态降解的研究     

尹君亮  陈宁  宋志强  刘福元  李国庆  李周权 《中国草食动物》2006,26(4):13-15

选用3头3月龄左右装有瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶公犊,按3×3完全拉丁方试验设计,喂给3种日粮,日粮组成按精粗比分别表示为:Ⅰ组70∶30、Ⅱ组60∶40、Ⅲ组50∶50,研究不同日粮组成下高寒地区小黑麦的DM、CP以及NDF在断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内动态降解。试验结果表明:精粗比为60∶40日粮时,其CP的消失率和降解参数明显低于精粗比为70∶30和50∶50的日粮,差异显著(P<0.05);其DM和NDF的消失率和降解参数明显高于精粗比为70∶30和50∶50的日粮,差异显著(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

青海东部农区小黑麦与豆科牧草的混播组合与混播比例     

刚永和  张海博  陈永珑  杜江  安林昌  牛勇  萨仁花  徐强 《草业科学》2022,1(1):2274-2285

为筛选适宜青海省东部农区推广的小黑麦( × Triticosecale Wittmack)与豆科牧草的混播组合及比例,采用裂区设计,研究了‘甘农2号’小黑麦与两种豆科牧草[‘青建1号’饲用豌豆(Pisum sativum)和毛苕子(Vicia villosa)]不同混播比例(0?? 100、20?? 80、30?? 70、40?? 60、50?? 50、60?? 40、70?? 30、80?? 20、100?? 0)的混播效应。结果表明：从混播组合看,‘甘农2号’小黑麦与‘青建1号’饲用豌豆混播的平均鲜草产量(41.80 t·hm–2)最高;从混播比例看,‘甘农2号’小黑麦与豆科牧草50?? 50混播时平均鲜草产量(44.45 t·hm–2)最高,比小黑麦和豆科牧草单播平均分别提高了17.94%和17.53%;混播组合和混播比例间的交互作用表明,‘甘农2号’小黑麦和‘青建1号’饲用豌豆以40?? 60的比例混播时总鲜草产量(45.55 t·hm–2)最高,比小黑麦和饲用豌豆单播分别提高了20.09%和17.00%。相关分析表明,混播群体的鲜草产量与小黑麦株高呈显著正相关关系(P < 0.05),与豆科牧草株高呈极显著正相关关系(P < 0.01)。因此,在青海省东部农区推荐‘甘农2号’小黑麦与‘青建1号’饲用豌豆以40?? 60的比例进行混播。  相似文献   

饲用小黑麦在海河平原区的生产性能及适应性评价   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

游永亮  李源  赵海明  谢楠  翟兰菊  刘贵波 《草原与草坪》2015,(3):32-38

在海河平原区对11个饲用小黑麦品种进行了生产性能比较试验以及旱作条件下适应性,试验得出:冀饲-1成熟早,生育期短,抽穗期比对照中新830提前6d,干草产量高,比对照中新830提高26.7%,能与春播作物形成一年两作,适于在海河平原区推广利用;冀饲-2在海河平原地区鲜干草产量均较高,分别比对照中新830增产4 854.3kg/hm2和777.0kg/hm2,属于高产品种,茎叶比低,叶量丰富是海河平原区主要品种推广种植。旱作条件下种植,饲用小黑麦株高比正常管理条件下降低64.6%~83.4%,分蘖数和成穗数分别减少60.0%~74.7%和85.3%~98.1%,鲜干草产量分别降低69.3%和70.2%,利用价值不大,只有在一定的灌溉和施肥条件下种植才能产生较好经济效益。  相似文献   

不同贮藏温度对小黑麦花粉活力的影响     

徐翠莲  张丹  田依轩  张俐敏  王瑞清 《塔里木大学学报》2014,(4):16-20

在室温、4℃、-20℃和液氮(-196℃)下贮藏小黑麦的花粉,研究不同温度对新小黑麦1号、3号、4号和5号花粉活力的影响,结果表明:室温条件下保存3 h,小黑麦花粉活力均在80%左右,3~4 h后花粉活力降低很快,7~8h后花粉活力几乎全无。4℃保存可适当延长花粉活力,保存8 h后,新小黑麦1号、5号花粉的活力降低到60%,而3号和4号降低为80%左右。48 h左右花粉活力降至0%。与4℃相比,-20℃保存下不同品种小黑麦花粉活力降低更快,4 h后花粉活力降低到50%~65%,16 h后花粉活力接近0%。液氮超低温冷冻保存下小黑麦花粉活力相对稳定,保存10天后活力仍然很高,其活力相对保持率在92%左右,理论上可以长时间保存花粉。  相似文献   

Crosses Involving W. Rimpau's Triticale     

R. Franke 《Plant Breeding》1991,107(4):303-308

One hundred years after the creation of the first true triticale crosses of Rimpau , several recent cultivars of triticale and rye have been crossed with two of them. Recombinants of the awned type of Rimpau 's triticale (10) with ‘Grado’, ‘Lasko’ and ‘Otello’ exhibited a prolonged vegetative period, a shorter straw, an improved lodging resistance, good yielding capacity and higher disease resistance as compared to ‘Lasko’.  相似文献   

Androgenetic response of heterozygous triticale populations using a greenhouse hydroponic system     

Ahmad Arzani  Norman L. Darvey 《Euphytica》2002,127(1):53-60

Production of haploids, followed by chromosome doubling to produce doubled haploids (DH) represents the most rapid means of achieving complete inbreeding. In order to improve the androgenetic responses and maximize the production of green regenerants from selected plants of twenty-five triticale (× Triticosecale, Wittmack) populations (BC₁F₁, TC₁F₁, and F₂) we used a uniform and optimal growth environment for anther donor plants within a greenhouse hydroponic system. Non-orthogonal analysis of deviance showed highly significant differences (p < 0.001) among populations for both induction and regeneration. The overall induction response of the populations was very high with a mean of 50.4 embryoids per 100 anthers plated. Among all tested-populations, M86-6068/TW179//EP80 (TC₁F₁) was the most responsive for both induction and regeneration which could be associated to its Triticum timopheevii cytoplasm. On the other hand, although populations 80465/II83-194 both as BC₁F₁ and F₂ had a high level of induction response, only a few green plants were regenerated. These populations probably possess a partial Secale montanum genome, which could be contributing to the low regeneration ability. In conclusion, the need for optimization of donor plant growth conditions to effectively assess the androgenetic ability of individual populations/lines would be emphasized. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献