小麦-小黑麦抗条锈病杂交后代种质农艺性状及细胞分子遗传学分析     

甘敏  李金荷  李金昌  尚勋武  王化俊  马小乐  孟亚雄  汪军成  李葆春 《中国农业科技导报》2017,19(6):29-38

黑麦具有优良的遗传多样性,是改良小麦品质、产量和抗性的重要亲本之一,是丰富小麦种质资源的一条重要途径。在远缘杂交的基础上对16份普通小麦与小黑麦的杂交品系进行条锈病抗性鉴定、农艺性状分析、细胞分子遗传学鉴定及相关品质分析,并对可能导入小麦中的外源染色体(片段)进行了多方面定位。鉴定出9个小麦×小黑麦1BL/1RS易位系、1个代换系和2个1BL/1RS易位系/代换系;抗病鉴定结果表明9个杂交品系在苗期和成株期对条锈病均表现为高抗,可为小麦抗条锈病育种提供抗源;高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析显示16个品系中,HMW-GS组成类型以最常见的Null、7+8、2+12出现的频率最高,其中P174在16份材料中的综合得分最高,符合小麦种一级麦的标准;田间农艺性状和品质测定结果表明12个小麦品系的容重达到一级麦标准,赖氨酸含量的变化范围为2.8~4.4 g/kg。通过该结果以期鉴定出一批田间抗性优良和有价值的中间材料,为抗条锈病育种工作提供新的种质资源。  相似文献   

盐碱化土壤上不同因素对饲用小黑麦鲜草产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘凤歧唐凤兰  张月学刘杰淋韩微波  朱瑞芬李集临张延明  吴姝菊 《中国农学通报》2011,27(27):231-234

土壤盐碱化降低了小黑麦生物产量,研究轻度盐碱化土地上不同因素对饲用小黑麦产量的影响,为盐碱地上饲用小黑麦高产优质栽培提供理论依据;利用四因素三水平正交设计方法,研究了不同种植密度（B）、底肥量（C）、追肥量（D）对3个优良饲用小黑麦品种（品系）（A）：‘哈师209’、‘哈师0442’、‘哈师0447’鲜草产量的影响,并对不同组合鲜草产量的结果进行分析;密度对小黑麦鲜草产量影响显著,且不同密度之间差异极显著,其他3个因素对产量影响不显著,各因子对小黑麦鲜草产量的影响程度依次为种植密度>品种>底肥量>追肥量;在供试条件下,适宜的品种为‘哈师209’,播种量为300 kg/hm2,施用复合底肥300 kg/hm2,刈割后追尿素肥75 kg/hm2。  相似文献   

Diagnosis of the nitrogen status of wheat at tillering and prognosis for maximal grain yield     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(12):1423-1436

Abstract

From a field experiment in which wheat was supplied with nitrogen fertilizer at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, or 400 kg ha^‐1N, a correlation existed between nitrate concentration in wheat stems at tillering and subsequent grain yield. At early tillering, NO₃‐N concentrations around 8,000 μg g^‐1 were indicative of sufficient nitrogen in the crop‐soil system for maximum grain yield.

Averaging the results of this experiment with those from another seven field experiments, it was concluded that at tillering, the prognostic levels of NO₃‐N concentration in stems were: below 4000 μg g^‐1 deficient, between 4000 and 6000 μg g^‐1 intermediate, between 6000 and 10000 μg g^‐1 sufficient and above 10000 excessive for maximum grain yield. These values are applicable in a wide range of water supply conditions and to a number of cereal genotypes.  相似文献   

Genotypic Differences Among Plant Species in Response to Aluminum Stress     

《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):949-961

Abstract

Genotypic differences in aluminum (Al) resistance in rye (Secale cereale L.), triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and buckwheat (Fygopyrum esculentum Moench) were examined using a compartmental hydroponic system. Four-day-old seedlings were grown for 24 h in 0.5 mM CaCl₂ (pH 4.5) containing 0 or 50 μM Al. Relative root elongation (RRE) at 50 μM Al. (as a percentage of that at 0 Al) was used as the index of Al resistance. On average, rye exhibited the highest Al resistance, followed by buckwheat, triticale, and wheat. However, triticale displayed the greatest genotypic differences. Al content in the root tips of triticale breeding lines negatively correlated with RRE (r = 0.5, P < 0.01), implying that the Al exclusion mechanism contributed to Al resistance. Furthermore, high Al resistance in buckwheat correlated well with the growth habitats of buckwheat, indicating that adaptation mechanisms giving good Al resistance have evolved in buckwheat. All of these results suggested that it is possible to obtain greater Al resistance in plants by screening current existing cultivars. The selection of new cultivars with increased Al resistance and sensitivity will provide important material for further studies exploring Al phytotoxic and resistant mechanisms.  相似文献   

Impact of Arbuscular-Mycorrhizal Fungi on Phosphorus Efficiency of Wheat,Rye, and Triticale     

Renu Pandey  Bhupinder Singh  T. V. R. Nair 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1867-1876

Genotypic variation and mycorrhiza play an important role in plant uptake of phosphorus (P). A pot experiment was conducted with three cereals, wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. PBW-34), rye (Secale cereale L. cv. R-308), and triticale (Triticale octoploide L. cv. DT-46), a hybrid of wheat and rye, to examine the genetic variation in the degree of arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) infection and its inheritability from parents (wheat and rye) to their progeny (triticale). The soil used for pot culture was low in available P (7.8 mg P kg^?1soil). Inoculation with AM fungi showed a significant increase in extent of root colonization for all three cereals (average 70%) compared with their performance without AM (average 19.1%). However, among the three cereals, this increase was significantly greater in rye than in the other two crops, while wheat and triticale did not differ significantly. Mycorrhizal infection resulted in 1.6, 1.7, and 1.8-fold increases in shoot, root, and total plant dry matter, respectively, compared with the un-inoculated treatment. Among the three cereals, rye recorded maximum shoot, root, and total plant dry mass and P content with AM inoculation. The P uptake by wheat, rye, and triticale was 10%, 64%, and 35%, respectively, higher with rather than without mycorrhizal infection. Rye was most responsive to AM inoculation, with mycorrhizal dependency of 193%; here again, triticale followed wheat, with similar mycorrhizal dependency. Rye showed an increase in P utilization efficiency (PUE) without AM inoculation while the PUE of triticale was intermediate between wheat and rye. High efficiency of AM symbiosis in terms of P uptake exists in rye and most of these traits in triticale seem to be inherited from wheat rather than rye.  相似文献   

Estimation of optimum amino acid supplements to triticale     

J. Heger 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1990,40(2):137-142

Based on the nitrogen balance (NB) data and the efficiency of amino acid utilization, optimum supplements of limiting amino acids (AA) to triticale were calculated and their effect on true N digestibility (TD), biological value of protein (BV) and net protein utilization (NPU) of a triticale-based diet was evaluated. To determine if AA balance must be considered in the calculation of the optimum supplements, the effect of a 20% of 40% excess of essential AA in lysine-, methionine-, threonine- or tryptophan-deficient diets was also studied. The AA excess had no significant effect on NB in diets deficient in lysine, methionine or threonine. However, NB in rats fed on the tryptophan-deficient diet increased as the AA excess increased. BV of the diet containing the optimized supplements of lysine, threonine, methionine and valine was comparable to that of lactalbumin or to the diet supplemented with all essential AA. The deletion of valine from the optimized supplement caused an insignificant decrease in BV. Due to the lower TD, NPU of diets containing the optimized AA supplements was lower than that of the diet containing all essential AA or of the lactalbumin-based diet.  相似文献   

35份人工合成六倍体小麦的综合评价     

宋全昊  金艳  宋佳静  陈杰  赵立尚  白冬  陈亮  朱统泉 《作物杂志》2022,38(4):69-46

为有效利用人工合成六倍体小麦种质资源,拓宽现有种质基础,从国际玉米小麦改良中心引进35份人工合成六倍体小麦,对其株高、穗下节长、穗下茎长、穗长、旗叶面积、分蘖数、穗粒数、生物量、收获系数、产量和千粒重11个主要农艺性状和产量性状,以及籽粒水分含量、蛋白含量、面筋含量、淀粉含量、纤维素含量、硬度、SDS沉降值和Zeleny沉降值8个品质指标进行综合评价。结果表明,这批材料的农艺和产量性状变异系数为7.46%~32.29%,平均为15.36%;多样性指数（H′）为1.85~2.04,平均为1.98。品质性状的变异系数为2.80%~17.55%,平均为10.19%;多样性指数的变化范围为1.87~2.04,平均为1.96。主成分分析表明,前5个主成分构成的信息量为总信息量的82.84%。聚类后方差分析可将材料分为4个类群,类群Ⅲ的产量等相关性状较高,类群Ⅳ的蛋白质含量、纤维含量、面筋含量、硬度和SDS沉降值最高。这批材料的农艺性状、产量和品质性状变异程度大,遗传类型丰富,可作为种质资源加以利用。  相似文献   

普通小麦品种间以及与六倍体小黑麦种间杂种F1农艺性状的遗传分析     

樊存虎  王曙光  孙黛珍 《勤云标准版测试》2009,29(10)

为给杂交选育优良小麦品种提供基础,以普通小麦品种晋农190为父本,分别与9个普通小麦品种、7个六倍体小黑麦品种为母本配置杂交组合,对杂种F1代的农艺性状进行分析,发现除了无芒对有芒为显性之外,其余农艺性状均表现为数量遗传,F1代表现为超亲遗传或介于双亲之间.六倍体小黑麦的灰绿色叶片或茎秆、穗长长和红色不饱满的籽粒在杂种F1代显现,可作为鉴别真假杂种的典型性状.  相似文献   

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Tagging a Novel Yellow Rust Resistance Gene Derived from Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat Germplasm M08     

CHEN Guo-yue  LI Li-hui 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(3):266-271

Yellow rust of wheat （caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.） has been periodically epidemic and severely damaged wheat production in China. The development of resistant cultivars could be an effective way to reduce yield losses of wheat caused by yellow rust. Rust reaction tests and genetic analysis indicated that M08, the synthetic hexaploid wheat derived from hybridization between Triticum durum （2n = 6X = 28; genome AABB） and Aegilops tauschii （2n = 2X = 14; genome DD）, showed resistance to current prevailing yellow rust races at seedling stage, which was controlled by a single dominant gene, designated as YrAm. Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify microsatellite markers linked to gene YrAm in an F2 population derived from cross M08 （resistant） × Jinan 17 （susceptible）. Three microsatellite marker loci Xgwm77, Xgwm285, and Xgwml31 located on chromosome 3B were mapped to the YrAm locus. Xgwml31 was the closest marker locus and showed a linkage distance of 7.8 cM to the resistance locus. Thus, it is assumed that YrAm for resistance to yellow rust may be derived from Triticum durum and is located on the long arm of chromosome 3B.  相似文献   

人工合成小麦与普通小麦杂交后代衍生群体的Rht8基因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨松杰  王岩军  李俊  刘世贵  杨武云 《中国农学通报》2007,23(2):50-050

【目的】四倍体小麦与节节麦杂交培育的人工合成小麦已广泛应用于国内外小麦品种改良。通过研究人工合成小麦与普通小麦杂交后代的Rht8基因型,有助于提高分子标记育种效率,也有助于Rht8 基因型的多态性研究,并为人工合成小麦在中国小麦品种改良和分子标记育种中的应用提供依据和方法;【方法】以引自CIMMYT的人工合成小麦分别与中国四川成都平原主栽普通小麦品种杂交、回交的BC2F2:6后代群体中选育的113份优良高代系和川麦38、川麦42、川麦43和川麦47育成品种为材料,采用特异引物的PCR 扩增和改进的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对其Rht8基因型进行了研究;【结果】在以syn768、Syn769、Syn780和Syn786人工合成小麦为亲本的117份后代衍生群体检测材料中,Rht8基因型频率为77.78%。从每一个人工合成小麦形成的小的后代衍生群体看,Rht8基因型频率各不相同。以syn768为亲本的后代衍生群体,Rht8基因型频率最高,为96.70%;在以syn769为亲本而育成的优良高代系和川麦38、川麦42与川麦43育成品种中,Rht8基因型频率最低,为71.64%;以Syn780为亲本的后代衍生群体中,Rht8基因型频率为73.68%,分离比率约为3:1;以Syn786为亲本育成的材料只有川麦47,该品种不含有Rht8该基因;【结论】不论父本或母本的Rht8的基因型状况如何,它们所产生的杂交后代材料Rht8基因的遗传是随机的。  相似文献