Introduction of a self-compatible gene of Lolium temulentum L. to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) for the purpose of the production of inbred lines of perennial ryegrass     

Toshihiko Yamada 《Euphytica》2001,122(2):213-217

Interspecific hybrids between self-compatible species, Lolium temulentum L. and self-incompatible species, L. perenne L. were obtained using embryo rescue. Two cycles of backcrossing of interspecific hybrids with L. perenne were carried out. A 1: 1 segregation ratio of self comatibility and incompatibility was observed in backcross generations. These segregation data confirmed that self-compatibility of L. temulentum was controlled by a single gene. It suggested that the self-compatible gene of L. temulentum could be introduced to self-incompatible plants of L. perenne through interspecific hybridization. It appears that utilization of a self-compatible gene of L. temulentum would be useful for production of inbred lines of L. perenne. The possibility of breeding procedures of perennial ryegrass using a self-compatible gene was discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Inheritance of sethoxydim resistance in foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.     

Tianyu Wang  Henri Darmency 《Euphytica》1997,94(1):69-73

Interspecific hybridization between foxtail millet cultivars (Setaria italica) and a green foxtail (S. viridis) resistant to the herbicide sethoxydim were undertaken to breed foxtail millet for improved herbicide resistance. Parents, reciprocal F₁ hybrids, F₂ selfed derived populations and BC₁ backcross progeny were produced and analysed for mortality and fresh weight over a range of dosages. All resistant progeny were 700 times more resistant than susceptible cultivars and was symptom free under current field dosages. Segregations of resistant and susceptible progeny (3:1 in F₂ and 1:1 in BC₁) were not dependent upon dosage. Heterozygous individuals displayed the same magnitude of resistance as homozygous plants at twelve times the recommended field dosage. Results suggested that sethoxydim resistance in foxtail millet was controlled by a single, completely dominant, nuclear gene. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Meiotic behavior of passion fruit somatic hybrids, Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener + P. amethystina Mikan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L.V. Barbosa  M.L.C. Vieira 《Euphytica》1997,98(1-2):121-127

Somatic hybrids (SH) obtained by protoplast fusion were investigated for meiotic behavior in order to determine their possible use in breeding programs. Flower buds from four genotypes of SH between P. edulis f. flavicarpa (E) and the wild species P. amethystina (Am) denoted SH (E + Am) # 12, # 13, # 28 and # 35 were collected and the microsporocytes analysed. Meiotic phases showed the presence of abnormalities such as univalents, bivalents and quadrivalents, laggard chromosomes and anaphase bridges. At least 14 bivalents were observed in most of the cells of the hybrid plants. The percentage of cells with quadrivalents ranged from 73.3 in (E + Am) # 13 to 93.3 in (E + Am) # 28 and # 35. Analysis of pollen viability (V) indicated V = 88.23% for # 12, V = 83.86% for # 13, V = 84.20% for # 28, and V = 72.90% for # 35, and fruit development was observed. The high pollen viability, together with the multivalent pairing observed in the four somatic hybrids indicates that these materials can be used for the genetic improvement of yellow passion fruits aiming at introgressions of genes for resistance to diseases and pests. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Chromosomal Stability in the Backcross Progenies of Pentaploid Hybrids between Avena sativa L. and A. maroccana Gdgr.     

S. N. Zadoo    R. N. Choubey    S. K. Gupta  M. N. Premachandran 《Plant Breeding》1988,100(4):316-319

In a backcrossing programme to transfer desirable characters from wild Avena maroccana Gdgr. to cultivated oats, A. sativa L., meiotically stable plants in BC₁F₃ and BC₂F₂ progenies were isolated. The recovery of stable genotypes with 2n = 6×= 42 chromosomes indicated that two backcrosses are enough for such a programme. The cytological observations in various backcross generations are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

Pollen germination,pollen tube growth and fertilization following self and interspecific pollination of Paspalum species     

Byron L. Burson 《Euphytica》1987,36(2):641-650

Summary Crossability between most Paspalum species is very low. This study was undertaken to identify the impediments to hybridization. Accessions of P. intermedium Munro. ex Morong, P. jurgensii Hackel and P. dilatatum Poir were self-pollinated and crossed with one anther. Paspalum intermedium is essentially self-sterile but P. jurgensii and P. dilatatum are highly self-fertile. Following pollination, pollen germination and tube growth were studied by observing the pollinated pistils with fluorescent microscopy. Examination of self-pollinated pistils revealed that the pollen germinated shortly after contacting the stigmas. Germination was over 80% for the P. intermedium and P. dilatatum accessions but only 57% for P. jurgensii. Pollen tubes grew to the micropyle within 45 minutes after pollination in P. dilatatum and 1 hour and 15 minutes in P. jurgensii. However, in the P. intermedium accessions most tubes did not grow beyond the stigma and very few penetrated the style and ovary. Apparently stylar-incompatibility is the reason for the low selfed seed set. In the cross-pollinations, pollen germinated shortly after pollination and germination ranged from 57 to 88% for the different crosses. In all crosses the pollen tubes grew to the micropyle within 30 minutes to 2 hours after pollination indicating that a cross-incompatibility system is not the cause for low crossability among these species. By examining embryo sacs from P. intermedium × P. dilatatum, its reciprocal and P. intermedium × P. urvillei crosses, it was determined that gametes failed to unite in some crosses and this is a major reason for low crossability.  相似文献   

A new source of cytoplasmic male sterility in sunflower     

Ernest D. P. Whelan 《Euphytica》1980,29(1):33-46

Summary Interspecific substitutions of the nucleus of Helianthus annuus (2n=34) cv. Saturn into the cytoplasm of H. petiolaris (2n=34) by successive backcrossing, resulted in progenies with indehiscent anthers containing white, rather than normal yellow, pollen. Further backcrossing by cv. Saturn failed to restore pollen shed, suggesting that the male sterility was cytoplasmic. In vivo germination tests of pollen from 23 such plants from eight BC₅ lines, indicated complete pollen sterility for 14 plants, but normal seed set, suggesting that female fertility was not affected. Meiosis in all plants examined was normal.Crosses between seven sources of pollen-fertility restorer, one collection of wild H. annuus, and an existing source of cytoplasmic male sterility, resulted in a high frequency of plants with normal pollen shed in all F₁ progenies. However, no normal pollen shed was evident in F₁ progenies for similar crosses between BC₅ male-steriles and three of the seven restorer sources, nor for the single wild H. annuus evaluated. The foregoing suggests that the backcross substitution lines are a new source of cytoplasmic male sterility. The inheritance of restoration of pollen shed was complex and not fully elucidated. Some data suggested that two independent, complementary, dominant genes were required, but others indicated two to three independent, dominant genes.  相似文献   

Sexual and somatic hybridization in the genus Lactuca     

Brigitte Maisonneuve  Marie Christine Chupeau  Yannick Bellec  Yves Chupeau 《Euphytica》1955,85(1-3):281-285

Summary Various genes for disease resistance identified in wild Lactuca are difficult, even impossible to exploit in lettuce breeding, due to sexual incompatibility between L. sativa and wild Lactuca sp. We adapted two cellular biology techniques to overcome these interspecific barriers: in vitro embryo rescue and protoplast fusion. In vitro rescue of immature embryos was used successfully for sexual hybridization between L. sativa and L. virosa. Vigorous hybrid plants were produced between L. sativa and seven accessions of L. virosa. Protoplast fusion permitted the regeneration of somatic hybrids between L. sativa and either L. tatarica or L. perennis. Hybrids between L. sativa and L. tatarica were backcrossed to L. sativa.  相似文献   

Occurrence of 2n gametes in the F1 hybrids of Oriental × Asiatic lilies (Lilium): Relevance to intergenomic recombination and backcrossing     

R. Barba-Gonzalez  K.-B. Lim  M. S. Ramanna  R. G. F. Visser  J. M. Van Tuyl 《Euphytica》2005,143(1-2):67-73

Cytological modes of the origin of 2n gametes were investigated in six different genotypes of F₁ hybrids between Oriental and Asiatic (OA) lilies (Lilium, 2n = 2x = 24). Chromosome pairing between the parental genomes was very low, the average frequency range from 0.3 to 1.2 bivalents per cell among the genotypes. Within a genotype the frequency of bivalents varied from 0 to 6 in some cases. The normally occurring haploid pollen grains were totally sterile. In contrast, in different genotypes, variable percentages of 2n pollen were found and shown to be fertile as estimated from pollen germination. A cytological analysis of Metaphase I and subsequent stages of meiosis using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) revealed that there was intergenomic recombination between the alien genomes. Following Metaphase I stage, three different types of abnormal cytological events led to the formation of 2n pollen: (i) Post-Metaphase I division (PMI), (ii) Post-Metaphase II division (PMII) and (iii) Asymmetric Cytokinesis of the pollen mother cell followed by chromosome division. All three cytological events led to first division restitution (FDR) gametes. Based on in vitro pollen germination it was proved for two genotypes that 2n pollen was viable only during the first day of anthesis. It was possible to use 2n pollen successfully for backcrossing. Implications of 2n pollen for intergenomic recombination in BC₁ progenies are discussed.  相似文献   

Fluorescent in situ hybridization as an aid to introducing alien genetic variation into wheat     

T. E. Miller  S. M. Reader  K. A. Purdie  S. Abbo  R. P. Dunford  I. P. King 《Euphytica》1955,85(1-3):275-279

Summary Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has been used to assess the occurrence and frequency of wheat-alien chromosome pairing in a wheat/Thinopyrum bessarabicum hybrid and in wheat/rye hybrids with different levels of chromosome pairing by examining pollen mother cells at metaphase I of meiosis. The use of FISH to identify the presence and size of alien chromatin in a wheat background is also demonstrated.The value of FISH as an aid to the introgression of alien genetic variation into wheat is discussed.Abbreviations FISH fluorescent in situ hybridization - GISH genomic in situ hybridization - PRINS primer-induced in situ hybridization  相似文献   

Incongruity of interspecific and intergeneric crosses involving Nicotiana and Petunia species that exhibit potential for somatic hybridization     

K. C. Sink  J. B. Power 《Euphytica》1978,27(3):725-730

Summary Extensive pollinations were made in attempts to produce selected intergeneric or interspecific hybrids using Nicotiana and Petunia species that exhibit potential for somatic hybridization. Pollination between pairs of species was done by standard and bud-pollination methods. Nicotiana alata or N. tabacum when pollinated reciprocally with selected Petunia species failed to produce hybrids. Likewise, no interspecific hybrids were obtained between Petunia parviflora and 4 Petunia species or P. hybrida. The type of incongruity existing between these species is discussed in relation to the production of hybrids by standard In vitro techniques as compared to somatic hybridization.On leave from the Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, Michigan, USA. supported by a European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) fellowship and The Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation, N. Y., USA.Supported by the Agricultural Research Council.  相似文献